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{d{eï> amO{H$` njmbm EH$JÇ>m _VXmZ Ho$ë`mZo Ë`m
{ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m {ZH$mbmMo nmaS>o {déÜX {Xeobm PwH$bo Jobo Aer
Omhra dº$ì`o Ë`m H$mimV Ho$br Jobr hmoVo.
ñdV:Mr
à^mdr amOH$s` VmH$X dm ZoV¥Ëd ZgUmè`m OmVrO_mVr dm Aëng§»`
goŠ`wba
njm§À`m diMUrbm OmVmV `m_mJo `m g_mOm§Mr Vm{H©$H$Vm Amho, OwZm
AZw^d JmR>rer AgVmo. H$m°J«oggmaImM nj _hmamï´>mgma»`m
_amR>m ~hþg§»` Agboë`m amÁ`mV ~°[añQ>a AãXwb ah_mZ
A§Vwbo `mgma»`m ZoË`mMr _w»`_§ÌrnXmda Zo_UyH$ H$ê$ eH$Vmo,
S>m° _Z_mohZ qgJ gma»`m Aëng§»` erI g_mOmVrb ZoË`mMr n§VàYmZ
nXmda {ZdS> H$ê$ eH$Vmo. Y_© Am{U OmVrMo amOH$maU H$ê$ nmhUmè`m
njm§_wio Ë`m Y_m©Mr dm OmVrMr ZgUmè`m bmoH$m§_Ü`o Agwa{jVVoMr
^mdZm {Z_m©U hmoV AgVo.Amnë`mbm gm_m{OH$ Am{U amOH$s` gwajm XoD$
eH$Umè`m BVa Hw$R>ë`mhr njmH$S>o - _J Vmo ~hþOZ g_mO nj
Agmo,S>mdo nj Agmo dm g_mOdmXr nj Agmo - diV AgVmV. Ë`m§À`m Ë`m
g_Omg EH$Xm VS>m Jobm H$s _J Vo Xwgè`m {ZY_u amOH$maU H$aUmè`m
njmÀ`m emoYmV AgVmV. _hmamï´>mV Var H$m±J«og Am{U eaX ndma
`m§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImbrb amï´>dmXr njm{edm` BVa Hw$R>bmhr
VWmH${WV {ZY_u amOH$s` njmMm g_W© n`m©` Aëng§»` g_mOmg_moa {XgV
Zmhr.
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Ë`m_wio `m g_mOmbm Amnë`mì`{Varº$ BVa Hw$Um ì`ŠÎmrbm
dm amOH$s` njmbm _Vo XoÊ`mMm {edm` n`m©` Zmhr Agm g_O dm J¡ag_O
hmoD$ eH$Vmo. Agm 'XoAa BO Zmo Am°Xa AmëQ>aZo{Q>ìh' ('
{Q>Zm') \°$ŠQ>a
_wio `m g_mOmbm J¥hrV Yabo OmD$Z _J `m g_mOmgmR>r H$mhr
H$aÊ`mMr Ë`m amOH$s` nwT>mè`m§g dm njmg JaO ^mgV Zmhr. Aem
doirg _J {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m doir PQ>H$m XoD$Z Ë`m nwT>mè`mg
Amnë`m gm_Ï`m©Mr AmR>dU H$ê$Z Úmdr bmJVo. Ah_XZJa {OëømV
EH$m _VXmag§KmV Joë`m {dYmZg^oÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$sV EH$m goŠ`wba
njmÀ`m ZoË`mg AgmM PQ>H$m XoD$Z M¸$ ^Jì`m `wVrÀ`m C_oXdmamg
{ZdSy>Z AmUbo åhUo.
Jobr
AZoH$ df} ñdV:bm {ZY_u åhUdUmè`m njm§Mr nmR>amIU H$ê$ZgwÜXm
amO{H$`ÑîQ>çm X{bV R>r^m{fH${¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m nXamV H$mhrM
nS>bobo Zmhr. Hw$R>ë`mhr nm{bHo$V dm _hmnm{bHo$V ñdrH¥$V
g^mgX åhUyZgwÜXm `m g_mOmVrb H$m`©H$Ë`m©§Mr `m amO{H$` njm§V\}$
dUu bmdbr OmV Zmhr. Ë`m_wio {dYmZn[afXoda `m g_mOmÀ`m à{V{ZYtMr
Zo_UyH$ hmoUo Va \$maM Xya am{hbo. goŠ`wba
njm§Mr nmR>amIU Ho$bo Var Ë`m~Xë`mV H$mhr _mo~Xë`mMr Anojm Z
~miJë`mZo åhUm dm amOH$s` X~m~JQ> åhUyZ à^mdrnUo C^o Z
am{hë`mZo åhUm, `m g_mOmMr amO{H$`ÑîQ>çm CnojmM Ho$br OmV
Amho.
{¼ñVr
g_mO hm X{bV g_mO AgyZXoIrb [anpãbH$Z njmÀ`m Hw$R>ë`mhr JQ>mZo
`m g_mOmH$S>o Amnbr Z¡g{µJH$ ìhmoQ> ~±H$ åhUyZ nm{hbo
Zmhr ho {deof Amho. H$Xm{MV {¼ñVr g_mOmMr AmVmn`ªV Am§~oS>H$ar
MidirnmgyZ \$Q>Hy$Z amhÊ`mMr àd¥Îmr `mg H$maUr^yV Agy eHo$b.
_mÌ nm{bH$m, _hmnm{bH$m Am{U J«m_n§Mm`V nmVirdaÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$m§V
X{bV Agbobo ho ^mD$~§X ~hþVoH$doiog EH$ÌM AgVmV, hm qhXy, hm ~m¡ÜX
Am{U hm {¼ñVr Agm ^oX^md ` X{bVm§_Ü`o Ë`mdoir ZgVmo.
amOH$maUmV X{bVm§À`m njm§À`m AZoH$ {nbmdir Pmë`m AmhoV,
Ë`mn¡H$s EImÚm {nbmdirV Vo AgVmV EdT>oM.
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Am§~oS>H$ar Midirer Agbobo Amnbo Z¡g{J©H$ ZmVo {¼ñVr g_mOmZo
~iH$Q> Ho$bo Va `m g_mOmMo {d{dY Am{W©H$, gm_m{OH$ Am{U amO{H$`
àíZ gwQ>Ê`mMr eŠ`Vm
Amho. gwX¡dmZo X{bV MidirVrb AZoH$ nwT>mè`m§Zm Am{U
H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm {¼ñVr g_mOm{df`r AmñWmhr Amho. _mJo 'gwJmdm
àH$meZ'Mo àm {dbmg dmK Am{U CfmVmB© dmK `m§Zr `mg§X^m©V à`ËZhr
Ho$bo hmoVo. Aem àH$mao {¼ñVr g_mOmZo Am§~oS>H$ar Midirer
ZmVo OmoS>bo Va _yiMm EH$M g_mO Agboë`m `m g_mOKQ>µH$m§Mo
_moR>o {hV gmYbo OmUma Amho.
g§X^©:
1)
AemoH$ XodXÎm {Q>iH$, 'AmUIr EH$ àH$mePmoV', àH$meH$: OJàH$me,
Omo. {d. dobtH$a (`oeyg§Kr`), gmogm`Q>r Amo\$ {OPg), S>r
Zmo{~br H$m°boO, nwUo 411 006, (1960), (nmZ gmV)
2)
A{dZme S>moig, 'Y_mªV[aV X{bV Am{U {¼ñVr X{bV _wº$s Midi',
'Am§~oS>H$ar Midi: n[adV©ZmMo g§X^©' , gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo,
(1995), nmZ 45)
3)
Mmb©g gmidr, '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, Owb¡ 1971
({¼ñVr
X{bV _amR>r gm{hË` n[afXoV\}$ lram_nya `oWo {X. 8 Am{U 9
Am°ŠQ>mo~a
2005 bm Am`mo{OV Ho$boë`m H$m`©emioV hm boI dmMÊ`mV Ambm.
-nyd©à{gÜXr 'bmoH$n[adV©Z' gmám{hH$, àW_ dYm©nZ{XZ {deofm§H$
2005, g§nmXH$: g{Vf OmYd, Ah_XZJa, Am{U '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, {S>g|~a
2005 )
H$
