JmdHw$gm~mhoaMm
{¼ñVr g_mO, H$m{_b
nmaIo
gwJmdm
àH$meZ, nwUo
16) {dÐmohr
gm{hpË`H$, g§nmXH$ gË`dmZ gy`©d§er§
Amnë`m
H$V¥©ËdmZo _amR>r gm{hË`mV Am{U g_mOOrdZmV Amnë`m nmD$bIwUm
_mJo R>odUmè`m {¼ñVr gm{hpË`H$m§_Ü`o \$mXa Wm°_g ñQ>r\$Ýg,
{dë`_ H°$ar, ~m~m nX_ZOr, n§{S>Vm a_m~mB©, aoìh. Zmam`U dm_Z
{Q>iH$, aoìh. ZriH§$R>emór Jmoao dJ¡a|Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. `m
ì`º$s¨Mr na§nam gË`dmZ Zm_Xod gy`©d§etZr {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m
CÎmamYm©V AJXr g_W©[aË`m nwT>o Mmb{dbr. gd©gmYmaU {¼ñVr
g_mOmÀ`m {ZpîH«$`, em§VVm{à` Am{U Hw$R>ë`mhr à{VHy$b
n[apñWVrV PJS>m Z H$aVm OwidyZ KoÊ`mÀ`m _mZ{gH$Voer {dg§JV Ago
gy`©d§er§Mo ~§S>Imoa, AmH«$_H$ e¡brMo ì`º$s_Ëd hmoVo.
{d{dY àg§Jr dmXJ«ñV R>aVrb Aem ^y{_H$m KoD$Z Ë`m§Zr Amnbo
doJionU {gÜX Ho$bo. gy`©d§erÀ`m boIUrMm, dH¥$ËdmMm Am{U
Ë`m§À`m ~hþ{dY T>§Jm§À`m ì`{º$_ËdmMm _amR>r X{bV
{¼ñVr g_mOmVrb Vê$U {nT>rda \$ma _moR>m à^md nS>bm.
AmO `m g_mOmVrb {d{dY joÌm§V H$m`©aV AgUmè`m AZoH$ ì`º$s
gy`©d§etMo ho F$U AJXr _moH$ù`mnUo _mÝ` H$aVmV.
gy`©d§etMo
'AJm Oo H$pënbo Zmhr' ho AmË_M[aÌ gZ 1975 gmbr à{gÜX Pmbo.
_amR>r gm{hË`mVrb X{bV AmË_H$WZm§À`m _m{bHo$Vrb ho n{hboM
AmË_H$WZ åhUmdo bmJob. AmnU {¼ñVr Agbmo Var nydm©l_rMo _hma
OmVrVrb Agë`m_wio C?d{U©`
Amnë`mbm _hma åhUyZM dmJ{dbo OmV Agm VH«$marMm gya gy`©d§etZr
`m AmË_M[aÌmV bmdbm Amho Ago S>m° dmgwXod _wbmQ>o `m§Zr
'X{bVm§Mr AmË_H$WZo' `m nwñVH$mV åhQ>bo Amho. gy`©d§etÀ`m
AmË_M[aÌmZ§Va VrZ dfmªZr åhUOo 1978 À`m {S>g|~amV X`m ndma
`m§Mo '~bwV§' Am{U 1979 À`m OmZodmarV à. B©. gmoZH$m§~io `m§Mo
'AmR>dUtMo njr' hr AmË_H$WZo à{gÜX Pmbr. 1
gy`©d§etÀ`m
gm{hpË`H$ H$ma{H©$XrMm gwê$dmVrMm H$mi _w§~B©V Jobm, `mM H$mimV
Ë`m§À`m nwñVH$m§Zm amÁ` Am{U H|$Ð gaH$maMr nm[aVmofHo$ {_imbr.
_mÌ X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmV Am{U ~hþg§»` g_mOmV Ë`m§Mo VoO Viny
bmJbo Vo Ë`m§Zr 'AmnU' gmám{hH$mÀ`m g§nmXH$nXmMr Pyb
MT>{dë`mZ§Va Am{U Amnë`m Img e¡brV H$sV©Zo gmXa gwê$ Ho$br
Voìhm. 'AmnU' gmám{hH$mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Ë`m§À`m boIUrMr Am{U
H$sV©ZmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Ë`m§À`m dmUrMr VmH$X Voìhm gdm©À`m
bjmV Ambr. `oeyg§{K`m§V\}$ Mmb{dbo OmUmao ho gmám{hH$ 1970À`m
gw_mamg Ë`mH$mimVrb 'gmo~V', 'ñdamÁ`' '_m{_©H$' , '{ddoH$' Aem
_amR>rVrb àñWm{nV {Z`VH$m{bH$m§er ñnYm© H$aV hmoVo ho {deof.
`m_mJo gy`©d§erMr YmaXma boIUr Am{U g§nmX{H$` H$m¡eë` H$maUr^yV
hmoVo ho {ZpíMV. 'AmnU'Zo H$_mdbobr bmoH${à`Vm Ë`mZ§Va
Hw$R>ë`mhr {¼ñVr {Z`VH$m{bH$mbm {_idVm Ambr Zmhr.
EH$
XeH$mhÿZ H$_r H$mi Am`wî` bm^boë`m 'AmnU' gmám{hH$mMo gd© A§H$
nwÊ`mVrb 'ñZohgXZ' `m `oeyg§Kr` g§ñWoÀ`m J«§Wmb`mV
B{Vhmgg§emoYH$m§gmR>r OnyZ R>odÊ`mV Ambo Amho. gy`©d§er§Mo
g§nmXH$s` H$m¡eë`, {dÛÎmm Am{U X{bV d Cno{jV g_mOKQ>H$m§{déÜX
Pmboë`m AÝ`m`m{dê$ÜX bT>Umar Ë`m§Mr AmH$_«H$ boIUr OmUyZ
KoÊ`mgmR>r ho A§H$ MmiyZ nmhm`bmM hdo.
'_wÔB© bmI ~wam Mmho Vmo Š`m
hmoVm ho/ dhr hmoVm h¡ Omo _§Owao IwXm hmoVm h¡/'' hm eoa
~«rXdmŠ`
åhUyZ AJXr R>iH$nUo {_adUmè`m 'AmnU' gmám{hH$mZo X{bV {¼ñVr
g_mOmÀ`m Vê$U _§S>irda \$ma _moR>m à^md Q>mH$bm. 'AmnU'
_Ü`o 'Zma~m {bìhVmo`' `m gXam{edm` 'ho amï´>m, _mÂ`m
amï´>m' `mgma»`m Ii~i _mOdUmè`m AZoH$ boI_m{bH$m Ë`m§Zr
{b{hë`m. `mn¡H$s AZoH$ {bImUm_wio Ë`m§Zm g_mOmVrb H$mhr JQ>m§À`m
àjmo^mbm Vmo§S> Úmdo bmJbo. hm àjmo^ EH$Xm AJXr J§^ra Wamda
nmohmoMbm Voìhm Va Ë`m§Zm nmo{bg H$moR>S>rVhr EH$XmoZ {Xdg
Kmbmdo bmJbo hmoVo.
~m~m
nX_ZOr `m§À`mà_mUoM g. Zm. gy`©d§er ho ~hþàgd gm{hpË`H$
hmoVo.gm{hË`, nÌH$m[aVm, dH¥$Ëd, AÜ`mËå`, X{bV gm{hË` Am{U
gm_m{OH$ Midi `m_Ü`o gy`©d§er `m§Zr \$ma _moR>o `moJXmZ Ho$bo.
_amR>r {¼ñVr gm{hË` g§_obZmMo Am{U X{bV {¼ñVr gm{hË`
g§_obZmMo AÜ`jnX Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`mH$S>o AJXr MmbVM Ambo.
nwÊ`mV 1972 gmbr ^aboë`m _amR>r {¼ñVr gm{hË` g§_obZmÀ`m
Amnë`m AÜ`jr` ^mfUmV gy`©d§etZr {¼ñVr g_mOmZo BVa X{bV
KQ>H$m§er, Aëng§»` g_mOmer EH$s H$amdr Agm Ë`mdoir AË`§V
H«$m§VrH$maH$ dmQ>Umam {dMma _m§S>bm. Ë`mZ§Va OdiOdi XmoZ
XeH$m§Zr aoìh AaqdX nr. {Z_©i `m§Zr X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmMo
Am§~oS>H$ar Midirer ZmVo OwidyZ ho ho {dMma àË`jmV AmUbo.
gy`©d§erà_UoM AaqdX {Z_©i ho _amR>r X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb EH$
_hÎdmMo ì`º$s_Ëd. gy`©d§er Am{U {Z_©i `m XmoKm§Zrhr _amR>r
X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmbm _hmamï´>mVrb nwamoJm_r Am{U X{bV MidirV
AmUÊ`mMo EH$ AË`§V _hÎdmMo H$m`© Ho$bo. Ë`mÀ`m `m à`ËZmbm
AmO _moR>çm à_mUmV `e Amë`mMo {XgV Amho.
{Z_©i
~aoM df} _hmamï´>m~mhoa hmoVo. Ë`mH$mimV 'AmnU' Mo g§nmXH$ `m
ZmË`mZo g_mOmV ^aS>ë`m OmUmè`m AZoH$ Xwb©{jV KQ>H$m§Mo,
X{bV Am{U Aëng§»` g_mOmÀ`m àíZm§Zm gy`©d§etZr dmMm \$moS>br
hmoVr. _hmamï´>mV naVë`mZ§Va {Z_©i `m§Zr ãb°H$
{W`m°bm°OrÀ`m YVuda X{bV {b~aoeZ {W`m°bm°OrMm (X{bV _wº$s
B©ídakmZ) àgma gwê$ Ho$bm. {Z_©i `m§Zr gwê$ Ho$boë`m ñdV§Ì
_amR>r X{bV {¼ñVr gm{hË` g§_obZmMo gy`©d§er Xwgao AÜ`j
hmoVo. XwX¡dmZo {Z_©i `m§Zm _hmamï´>mV Amnbo H$m`© H$aÊ`mg
\$ma H$_r H$mi bm^bm. X{bV {¼ñVr Midi _hmamï´>mV Mm§Jbo _yi
Yê$ bmJbr AZ 1995 gmbr {Z_©i `m§Mo {ZYZ Pmbo. X{bV {¼ñVr MidirMm
EH$ _moR>m AmYmaM Zm{hgm Pmbm. Ë`mZ§Va nmM dfmªZ§Va
gy`©d§etMohr {ZYZ Pmbo.
gy`©d§etZr
_moR>çm à_mUmV b{bV gm{hË`mMr {Z{_©Vr Ho$br. Am{W©H$
H$maUm_wio 'AmnU' ~§X nS>bm Am{U gy`©d§etÀ`m hmVmVrb EH$
_moR>o Aó Jobo. `m gmám{hH$mMo ApñVËd g§në`m_wio g§nyU©
_amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmMo _moR>o ZwH$gmZ Pmbo. `mMo H$maU `m
{Z`VH$m{bH$m_wio `m g_mOmÀ`m à~moYZmgmR>r Am{U gm{hË`mgmR>r
EH$ _moR>o ì`mgnrR> {_imbo hmoVo. 'AmnU'Mo àH$meZ nwT>rb
µH$mhr H$mi Mmby am{hbo AgVo Va X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m dmQ>Mmbrg
àoaUm {_imbr AgVr Am{U `m g_mOmÀ`m AmOÀ`m Am{W©H$, gm_m{OH$ Am{U
amOH$s` pñWVr_Ü`o Iyn àJVr Pmbr AgVr..
gy`©d§etZr
`m gmám{hH$mVyZ X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb AZoH$ boIH$m§Zm CÎmoOZ {Xbo.
Amnë`m boIH$m§Zm _mZYZ XoUmao gy`©d§er Ë`mH$mimVrb EH$
AndmXmË_H$ g§nmXH$ hmoVo. AmOgwÜXm AZoH$ {Z`VH$m{bHo$ hr àWm nmiV
Zmhr. _r emioV {eH$V AgVmZm gy`©d§etZr _wbm§gmR>r Agboë`m
gXamV _mÂ`m XmoZ bKwH$Wm à{gÜX Ho$ë`m hmoË`m Am{U Ë`m~Ôb
àË`oH$ doir nmM ê$n`m§Mo _mZYZ _bm _ZrAm°S>©aZo nmR>dyZ
{Xbo `mMo _bm AOyZhr Aàyn dmQ>Vo. _mÂ`m nÌH$m[aVoMr AàË`j
gwê$dmV Aem àH$mao 'AmnU' nmgyZ Pmbr. _mÂ`mà_mUoM AZoH$ {¼ñVr
boIH$ `m~m~VrV gy`©d§er§Mo H$m`_ F$Ur AmhoV.
'AmnU'
gmám{hH$mVyZ gy`©d§etÀ`m {dMmam§Mr, {dÛÎmoMr Am{U ~§S>Imoa
àd¥ÎmrMr _bm AmoiI Pmbr hmoVr.
_mÌ
`m AmXaUr` ì`º$sbm ì`{º$JV[aË`m _bm H$Yrhr ^oQ>Vm Ambo Zmhr
dm Ë`m§À`m Ë`m JmOboë`m H$sV©ZmMm EH$Xmhr AZw^d KoVm Ambo Zmhr
`mMr _bm Zoho_rM I§V dmQ>Vo. embo` {ejUmZ§Va _mPo dmñVì`
_hmamï´>m~mhoa Jmoì`mV Voam df} hmoVo ho Ë`m_mJMo EH$ H$maU.
Ë`m§À`m {ZYZmnydu EH$ df© AmYr nwÊ`mV Ë`m§Mm gËH$ma Pmbm
Voìhm Ë`m§Mo AJXr n{hë`m§XmM Xe©Z KoÊ`mMm `moJ Ambm. _mÌ
~mV_r XoÊ`mgmR>r _bm d¥ÎmnÌmÀ`m H$m`m©b`mV Vm~S>Vmo~
Om`Mo Agë`mZo Ë`m§À`mer ~mobÊ`mMr g§Yr {_imbr Zmhr. Ë`m{Xder
Ë`m§Mm _w¸$m_ nwÊ`mVM 'ñZohgXZ'bm hmoVm Am{U Xwgè`m {Xder Vo
Zm{eH$bm naVbo. _mÌ ho _bm Z§Va H$imbo Voìhm Ë`m§À`mer g§dmX
H$aÊ`mMr EH$ _moR>r g§Yr _r J_mdbr `mMo _bm Iyn hr dmB©Q>
dmQ>bo. Ë`mZ§Va bdH$aM Ë`m§À`m {ZYZmMr ~mV_r 'Q>mBåg
Am°\$ B§{S>`m'V àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mMm _mÂ`mda àg§J Ambm.
'AmnU' ~§X nS>ë`mZ§Vahr gy`©d§etZr Amnbr boIUr Imbr R>odbr
Zmhr. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ nwñVHo$ Ë`m§Zr {b{hbr. _hmamï´>mÀ`m
{d{dY ^mJm§V H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> n§{W`m§gmR>r
H$sV©Zo Ho$br. {¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m AZoH$ g^mg§_obZm§V Ë`m§Mr EH$
à_wI ì`º$s åhUyZ CnpñWVr Agm`MrM. X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmZohr Amnë`m
`m Á`oð> gm{hpË`H$mMm ^anya _mZgÝ_mZ Ho$bm. {¼ñVr gm{hË`
g§_obZmMo XmoZXm Am{U X{bV {¼ñVr gm{hË` g§_obZmMo EH$Xm Ë`m§Zr
AÜ`jnX ^yf{dbo. {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àmoQ>oñQ>§Q>
`m XmoZ n§{W`m§_Ü`o _Zmo{_bZ OwidÊ`mMo _hÎdmMo H$m_ Ë`m§Zr
Ho$bo. `m XmoÝhrhr n§{W`m§_Ü`o Ë`m§Zm AmXamMo ñWmZ {_imbo
hmoVo. Am`wî`mÀ`m AIoarg Ë`m§Mr aoìh AaqdX {Z_©i, àm {dbmg
dmK, Cfm dmK `m§À`mgma»`m X{bV MidirVrb ZoË`m§~amo~a OdirH$
{Z_m©U Pmbr hmoVr.
gy`©d§erZr
OdiOdi XmoZeo nwñVHo$ {b{hbr. Ë`m_Ü`o H$mX§~è`m, d¡Mm[aH$
{bImU, AmÜ`mpË_H$ nwñVHo$, AmË_M[aÌ, M[aÌo, g§emoYZna {bImU
dJ¡ao§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo.2 Ë`m{edm` 'AmnU' Am{U BVa {d{dY
{Z`VH$m{bµH$m§V Ë`m§Zr _moR>çm à_mUmV {b{hbo. 'AmnU'
gmám{hH$mV 'Zma~m {bìhVmo`' `m gXamVyZ Cno{jV X{bV g_mOmVrb AZoH$
ì`{º${MÌo Ë`m§Zr a§J{dbr. g_mOmVrb {d{dY Cno{jV ì`º$s¨da
{bImU H$ê$Z AmnUM X{bV gm{hË`mMr gwê$dmV Ho$br Agm gy`©d§erMm
Xmdm hmoVm, _mÌ ho lo` Amnë`mbm {Xbo OmV Zmhr `mMr I§V Ë`m§Zr
AZoH$Xm ì`º$ Ho$br hmoVr.3 Ë`m§À`m `m Xmì`mV {H$VnV VÏ` Amho
ho _amR>r gm{hË`mÀ`m Aä`mgH$m§Zr nmhm`bm hdo.
gy`©d§etÀ`m
g_J« gm{hË`mMo _yë`_mnZ Am{U g_rjm AmOn`ªV Pmbobo Zmhr. Vgo
Pmë`mg `m gm{hpË`H$mMo loð>Ëd Z¸$sM {gÜX hmoB©b. Ho$ed
grVmam_ H$èhmS>H$a `m§Zr ~m~m nX_ZOr `m§À`mda nrEMS>r
nXdrgmR>r à~§Y {bhÿZ EH$ ì`º$s Am{U gm{hpË`H$ åhUyZ nX_ZOr
`m§Mo _yë`_mnZ Ho$bo. AemMàH$mao gy`©d§erÀ`m gm{hË`mdahr
nrEMS>rgmR>r à~§Y {b{hÊ`mgmR>r Hw$UrVar nwT>o `m`bm
hdo.
g§X^©:
1)
S>m° Eb. dm`. Am¡Ma_b, 'Am§~oS>H$ar Midi Am{U h¡Xam~mX
g§ñWmZmVrb X{bV _wº$s g§J«m_', àH$meH$: Cfm dmK, gwJmdm àH$meZ,
861/1, gXm{ed noR>, nwUo- 411 030 (àW_md¥Îmr 1997) (nmZ 25 Vo
27)
2)
AZ§V bú_U Omoer (g§nmXH$), '_amR>r gmañdV; ( {ÛVr` I§S>),
AZ_mob àH$meZ, 683, ~wYdma noR>, nwUo 411 002 (1992), (nmZo 508
Vo 510)
3)
gwZrb í`m_gw§Xa AmT>md, 'Y_© {¼ñVmMm, {dMma gm{hË`mMm -
eVH$mVrb {¼ñVr gm{hË` g§_obZmÜ`jr` ^mfUo d Ë`mdarb g_rjm',
(nmZo 319 Am{U 320)
