KmoJaJmdMo
\$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m
(Am¡a§Jm~mX
{OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)
H$m{_b
nmaIo gwJmdm àH$meZ
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~moaga {_eZ H|$ÐmMr C^maUr
\$mXa
Om{H$`a 1896 _Ü`o KmoJaJmdmV Amë`mnmgyZ `m {_eZH$m`m©Mm ì`mn Am{U
H$m`©joÌ ^anya dmT>bo hmoVo. AmgnmgÀ`m EHy$U 65 Jmdm§Mm `m
{_eZñWmZmV g_mdoe hmoVm. KmoJaJmdmV ñWm{`H$ AgUmè`m Y_©Jwé§Zm
`m XyadaÀ`m JmdmVrb bmoH$m§er {Z`{_V g§nH©$ R>odUo eŠ` ZìhVo.
Ë`m_wio KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmMo {d^mOZ H$ê$Z H$mhr Jmdm§gmR>r
EH$ Zdo {_eZ H|$Ð CKS>Ê`mMm {ZU©` {~en \$mpÝgg pñQ>\$Z
H$m°nob `m§Zr KoVbm. KmoJaJmdmnmgyZ 35 {H$bmo_rQ>a A§Vamda
Agbobo ~moaga Jmd ho `m Zì`m {_eZñWimMo H|$Ð AgUma hmoVo.
KmoJaJmd
{_eZÀ`m hÔrVrb 65 Jmdm§n¡H$s 18 Jmdo Zì`m ~moaga {_eZH|ÐmH$S>o
di{dÊ`mV Ambr. `m Zì`m {_eZHo$§ÐmMr O~m~Xmar AZw^dr \$mXa Om{H$`a
`m§À`mH$S>o gmon{dÊ`mV Ambr. OwÝ`m {_eZmVrb AmR>
H°$Q>o{H$ñQ>m§Mrhr Zì`m {_eZ H|$ÐmV ~Xbr H$aÊ`mV Ambr.
KmoJaJmdMo à_wI Y_©Jwê$ åhUyZ \$mXa ~oO} `m§Mr Zo_UyH$ Pmbr.
\$mXa Á`mo \$Zmª{S>g ho Ë`m§Mo ghm`H$ Y_©Jwê$ hmoVo.
KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmH$S>o AmVm 47 Jmdm§Mm H$m`©^ma hmoVm. VoWrb
XmoZ Y_©Jwê§$À`m _XVrbm 24 H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> _mñVam§Mm Vm\$m
hmoVm.
Zì`m
{_eZmMr C^maUr H$aÊ`mg {gÕ Pmboë`m \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Amnë`m
OyZ 1910 À`m amoO{ZerV {b{hbo Amho : ""KmoJaJmd {_eZ
hÔrVrb gd© Jmdm§Zm ^oQ>r {Xë`mZ§Va 4 _o bm _r KmoJaJmd
gmoS>bo. \$mXa Apë~Zmo ZmJnyabm Jobo Agë`m_wio Am¡a§Jm~mX `oWo
VrZ {Xdg _r Ë`m§Mm H$m`©^ma gm§^mibm Am{U 9 _o À`m gH$mir ~moaga
`oWo nmohmoMbmo. AmXë`m {XderÀ`m g§Ü`mH$mir N>namgmR>r qPH$
nÌo Am{U BVa gm_mZ KoD$Z XmoZ ~¡bJmS>çm ~moagabm nmohmoMë`m
hmoË`m. Ë`mM ~¡bJmS>çmVyZ EH$ H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> Am{U _mPm
OwZm AmMmar Amnbr ñd`§nmH$mMr ^m§S>r KoD$Z VoWo Ambo hmoVo.
H$m°\$sMm EH$ H$n {nD$Z Amåhr gd© OU _J EH$ _¡b A§Vamda Agboë`m
EH$m Q>oH$S>rda Jobmo. Ë`m C§M Q>oH$S>rdê$Z Amåhmbm
Am¡a§Jm~mX Am{U H$ÝZS> eham§À`m {XeoVrb OdiOdi drg _¡bm§À`m
nR>mamMo AË`§V {dh§J_ Xe©Z KS>bo. `oeyÀ`m n{dÌ öX`mbm hr
^y_r An©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r _r JwS>Ko Q>oH$bo Am{U M~b¡g `oWo
{_eZH$m`m©gmR>r AmJ_Z Ho$boë`m g§V \$mpÝgg S>r goëg `m§À`m
nmdbmda nmD$b Q>mHy$Z `m Y_©àm§VmÀ`m XyVm§H$S>o àmW©Zm
Ho$br.
~moaga
`oWo _r gÜ`m amhÊ`mgmR>r EH$ Imobr Am{U ñd`§nmH$mMr Imobr
Agbobr _mVrÀ`m q^VrMo EH$ PmonS>rdOm Ka ~m§YVmo Amho. Iao nm{hbo
Va `oWrb _hmam§À`m Ñï>rZo ho Ka åhUOo dmñVwemñÌmVrb EH$
ZdbM Amho. `m KamÀ`m q^Vr gmV \y$Q> C§M Am{U 14 \y$Q>
é§XrÀ`m AmhoV. q^Vrda qPH$ nÍ`mMo N>V Amho.""
Ë`mZ§Va
H$mhr H$mimZ§Va \$mXam§Zr Amnë`m aomO{ZerV {b{hbo hmoVo. ""_mPo
`oWrb AmJ_Z g¡VmZmbm AmdS>bobo {XgV Zmhr. ~moaga JmdmVrb 400
_hmam§n¡H$s 150 {¼íMZ AmhoV. nU Am_À`m{df`r `m {¼íMZm§À`m
^mdZm AË`§V H$Qw> AmhoV, Ë`m§Mr Am_À`m~amo~arMr dmJUyH$hr
Mm§Jbr Zmhr. `m g_mOmV OmVrì`dñWo_wio {Z_m©U hmoUmè`m AS>MUr
Am{U {¼ñVr Y_m©À`m Z¡{VH$ dV©Zmg§~§YrÀ`m {Z`_m§_wio Ë`m§À`m
_ZmV MrS> {Z_m©U hmoVo. `oWrb _wbm§Zm {¼ñVr Y_©{df`H$
{eH$dUgwÕm MwH$sÀ`m nÕVrZo {Xbr OmV Amho. Ë`m{edm` b½ZmMo
H$m`Xoera d` hmoÊ`mÀ`m AmYrM ~hþVoH$ b½Z hmoV AgVmV. _mÌ,
XodmÀ`m H¥$noZo `m bmoH$m§Zm {¼ñVr OrdZnÕVrMr gd` bmJob Aer
Am_Mr Amem Amho.""
~moagabm
Amë`mZ§Va gwê$dmVrÀ`m `m H$Qy> AZw^dmZ§Va bdH$aM \$mXa
Om{H$`a Zì`m OmJr éibo. Ë`m§À`m{df`rMm ñWm{ZH$ bmoH$m§Mm
Ñ{ï>H$moZhr hiyhiy ~Xbbm. \$mXam§À`m ào{fVH$m`m©g ho bmoH$
à{VgmX XoD$ bmJbo. 30 {S>go§~a 1910 amoOr \$mXam§Zr Amnë`m
amoO{ZerV {b{hbo hmoVo: ""_mPm n{hbm ZmVmigU ~moaga `oWo
AJXr AmZ§XmV nma nS>bm. Joë`m VrZ _{hÝ`m§À`m H$mimV `m {_eZ
H|$ÐmV _r 311 OUm§Zm ~mpßVñ_m {Xbm Amho. ZmVmimÀ`m gUmÀ`m {Xder
125 OUm§Zr H$å`w{Z`Z ñdrH$mabo, Va 40 OUm§Zr ~m{áñ_m KoVbm.
Joë`m dfu OoWo \$º$ XmoZOUm§Zr H$å`w{Z`Z KoVbo hmoVo Ë`mM ~moaga
JmdmV `mdoir 40 OUm§Zr H$å`w{Z`Z ñdrH$mabo. Ë`m{edm` _r `oWo AmR>
b½Zo bmdbr AmhoV.""
1913
Am{U 1914 `m H$mimV \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr ~moaga Am{U KmoJaJmd `m
XmoÝhrhr {_eZ H|$Ðm§H$S>o bj {Xbo. {ZYrÀ`m A^mdr KmoJaJmdÀ`m
XodimMo H$m_ aIS>bo hmoVo. _mÌ ~moaga `oWo \$ma ^ard ñdê$nmMo
`moJXmZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm nwaogm doi {_imbm Zmhr.
`m Zì`m {_eZ H|$ÐmMm nm`m _O~yV H$aÊ`mMo H$m`©, VoWo XoD$i
~m§YÊ`mMo àmW{_H$ H$m_ Ë`mdoir ZwH$VrM Jwé{Xjm Pmboë`m \$mXa
Omogo\$ nmO `m§Zr Ho$bo. `mMo H$maU åhUOo `mXaå`mZ n{hbo _hm`wÕ
gwê$ Pmë`mZo _amR>dmS>çmÀ`m eoOmarb Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb O_©Z
`oeyg§Kr`m§da g§H$Q> H$mogibo. `m O_©Z Y_©Jwê§$Zm
{~«{Q>em§Zr Vwé§JmV S>m§~ë`mZo Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb Zì`mZoM
ñWmnZ Pmbobr {_eZ H|$Ðo Mmb{dÊ`mgmR>r E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoÀ`m
\$mXam§Mr _XV _mJÊ`mV Ambr. ZmJnyaÀ`m {~enm§Zr 1995 À`m
gßQ>|~amV \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mr ~moaga `oWyZ amhmVm `oWo ~Xbr
H$obr. KmoJaJmdMo Y_©Jwê$ Om°Z _oar ~oO} `m§Mr H|$Xi `oWo ~Xbr
Pmbr. KmoJaJmd `oWo Ë`mdoir ghm`H$ Y_©Jwê$ Agboë`m \$mXa {gñH$V
\$m{O`mZmo `m§À`mH$S>oM Ë`m Y_©J«m_mMr O~m~Xmar gmon{dÊ`mV
Ambr. `mM YVuda ~moagaMo ghm`H$ Y_©Jwê$ Agboë`m \$mXa nmO `m§Zr
VoWrb H$m`©^ma hmVr KoVbm.
\$mXa
nmO `m§Zr ~moagabm \$mXam§Mo {ZdmgñWmZ Am{U M°nob ~m§Ybo Am{U
Zì`m ^ì` XodimMohr ~m§YH$m_ gwê$ Ho$bo. KmoJaJmdÀ`m C§M
{¼ñVamOm _§{Xamà_mUoM `m XodimMohr ~m§YH$m_ AZoH$ df}
Mmbbo.Amnë`m \w$agVrÀ`m doimV `m XodimV C^maÊ`mgmR>r \$mXa nmO
Ë`m§Zr ñdV:M nwVio H$moabo. Ë`mH$mimV ~m§YH$m_mgmR>r dmnaë`m
OmUmè`m MwÝ`mMo ãbm°Šg V`ma H$ê$Z, Ë`mda MmHy$Zo H$moê$Z
Ë`m§Zr ho nwVio KS>{dbo. ZmJnyaMo {~en H$m°nob Am{U E_EgE\$Eg
g§ñWoMo à§mVm{YH$mar \$mXa AZ}ñQ> WoìhZoQ> `m§Zr
~moagabm ^oQ>r {Xë`m. Ë`mZ§VaÀ`m Amnë`m {bImUmV {~enm§Zr
\$mXa nmO `m§À`m {eënH$boÀ`m H$m¡eë`mMo H$m¡VwH$ Ho$bo. OÝ_mZo
\|$M Agboë`m \$mXa nmO `m§Mo _amR>rda Mm§Jbo à^wËd hmoVo. gZ
1919 À`m Am°ŠQ>mo~amV \$mXam§Mr O~bnyabm ~Xbr Pmbr Am{U \$mXa
{_Mob \$m°aob ho ~moagabm Ambo. O~bnyabm Joë`mZ§Va H$mhr _{hÝ`mVM
åhUOo 22 _o 1920 bm \$mXa nmO `m hmS>mÀ`m {_eZarMo An|{S>ŠgÀ`m
{dH$mamZo d`mÀ`m Ho$di 31 ì`m dfu {ZYZ Pmbo.
~moagabm
éOy Pmbobo \$mXa \$m°aob `m§Zr Amnë`m XoemMr godm H$aÊ`mgmR>r
n{hë`m _hm`wÕmÀ`m H$mimV \|$M g¡Ý`mV H$m_ Ho$bo hmoVo. _hm`wÕ
gwê$ Pmbo Voìhm OJmVrb gd© gj_ \|$M ZmJ[aH$m§Zr g¡Ý`mV ^aVr
ìhmdo, Agm \$mÝg gaH$maZo \$Vdm H$mT>bm hmoVm. `m AmdmhZmg
hmoH$ma qH$dm ZH$ma XoÊ`mMm {ZU©` qhXwñWmZmVrb {~enm§Zr Amnmnë`m
hÔrVrb Y_©Jwê$§da gmondbm hmoVm. `m AmdmhZmg à{VgmX XoD$Z
E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoMo qhXwñWmZmVrb H$mhr \|$M Y_©Jwê$ Amnë`m
_m`XoemÀ`m g¡Ý`mV XmIbhr Pmbo hmoVo. `m Y_©Jwê$§Zm Amnbr H$m_o
H$éZ JaO nS>ob Voìhm g¡Ý`mV Y_©Jwê$nXmÀ`mhr O~m~Xmar
gm§^mimdr bmJV Ago.
~moaga
`oWo \$mXa nmO `m§Zr 1818 gmbr ~m§Yboë`m XodimMm _O~yV nm`m aMbm
hmoVm. `m nm`mda XoD$i C^o H$aÊ`mgmR>r \$mXa \$m°aob `m§À`mH$S>o
{ZYr ZìhVm. XodimMo ho ~m§YH$m_ Ë`m_wio AmUIr H$mhr df} a|Jmibo.
`m aIS>boë`m ~m§YH$m_mgmR>r ~¡OmnyaÀ`m VhgrbXmamMr Zì`mZo
nadmZJr KoÊ`mgmR>r Z§Va \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr \$mXa \$m°aob
`m§Zm _XV Ho$br. \$mXa \$m°aob `m§Zr 1924 À`m Owb¡V XodimMo
~m§YH$m_ Zì`m CËgmhmZo hmVr KoVbo Am{U AZoH$ AS>rAS>MUtZm
Vm|S> XoV XoD$i C^o Ho$bo. ~moagaMo ho XoD$i {~en H$m°nob `m§Zr
19 _mM© 1926 amoOr Amerdm©{XV Ho$bo. Ë`mZ§Va EH$ dfm©V
KmoJaJmdÀ`m {¼ñVamOm _§{Xamghr Amerdm©X XoÊ`mV Ambm. àH¥$VrÀ`m
H$maUm_wio \$mÝgbm Jobobo \$mXa Om{H$`a _mÌ `m XmoÝhrhr g_ma§^mg
CnpñWV ZìhVo.
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