Christians and politics (Marathi)

'JmdHw$gm~mhoaMm {¼ñVr g_mO' ,  H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo

12) amOH$maUmV 'Zm KaH$m Zm KmQ>H$m' pñWVr

{IñVu bmoH$g§»`oÀ`m ~m~VrV _hmamï´>mV _w§~B© Am{U R>mUo {OëømVrb dgB© VmbwŠ`mnmR>monmR> nwUo {OëømMm H«$_m§H$ bmJVmo. _mÌ ñdV:À`m ~imda nwUo qH$dm {n§nar-qMMdS> `oWrb _hmnm{bH$m§À`m EImÚm dmS>m©V ZJagodH$ {ZdSy>Z AmUÊ`mBVH$s Ë`m§Mr g§»`m Zmhr. _mÌ nwÊ`mVrb am_dmS>r, `oadS>m, dS>Jmdeoar, hS>nga `oWrb n[agam§V Am{U qnnar qMMdS> `oWrb H$miodmS>r, {n§nar Am{U H$mgmadmS>r n[agam§V _amR>r^m{fH$ àmoQ>oñQ²>§Q> Am{U H°$Wmo{bH$ {¼ñVr _VXmam§Mrg§»`m ~è`mn¡H$s Amho Am{U Amnë`m àíZm§Mr XIb KoÊ`m~m~V Vo amO{H$` njm§da Am{U `m njm§À`m ZoË`m§da {ZpíVVM X~m~ AmUy eH$VmV. g§K{Q>V[aË`m Aem àH$maMo à`ËZ _mÌ AmVmn`©§V Pmbobo {XgV Zmhr.

nwÊ`mVrb {¼ñVr g_mO hm _amR>r^m{fH$ {¼ñVr g_mO Am{U _wiMo Jmodm, Vm{_iZmSy>, Ho$ai, _|Jbmo[a`Z Aem {d{dY ^m{fH$ JQ>m§V {d^mJbm Jobm Agë`mZo g§»`m~i AgyZhr Ë`m§À`m Hw$R>ë`mhr g§KQ>ZoZo AWdm _ôÎdmH$m§jr nwT>ma`m§Zr `mMm amO{H$`ÑîQ²>çm AOyZVar bm^ KoVbobm Zmhr.

{~«{Q>e H$mimV {¼ñVr Y{_©`m§gmR>r ñdV§Ì _VXmag§K AgV. amo_Z H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àm°Q>oñQ>§Q> `m XmoÝhr n§Wm§gmR>r EH$M _VXmag§K AgV. aoìô. Zmam`U dm_Z Am{U bú_r~mB© {Q>iH$ `m§Mo {Ma§Ord XodXÎm {Q>iH$ Aem àH$maÀ`m _VXmag§Kmg VÎdV: {damoY AgyZhr EH$Xm `m _VXmag§KmVyZ {ZdS>UwH$sgmR>r C^o am{hbo hmoVo.1

ñdV§Ì _hmamï´>mMr 1960 gmbr ñWmnZm Pmë`mnmgyZ AmVmn`ªV XmoZ {¼ñVr ì`º$s§Mr amÁ`mVrb _§{Ì_§S>imda Zo_UyH$ Pmbr Amho . Ë`mn¡H$s _w§~B©VyZ {ZdSy>Z Ambobo S>m° {bAm°Z {S>gmoPm ho _w§~B©Mo _mOr _hmnm¡a H$mhr H$mi amÁ`_§Ìr hmoVo Va _w§~B©VyZM 1985 gmbr {dYmZg^oda {ZdSy>Z Amboë`m gobrZ {S>{gëdm `m Oo_Vo_ EH$ df© amÁ`_§Ìr hmoË`m. _w§~B©VrbM E\$ E_ qnQ>mo ho AZoH$ df} Am_Xma hmoVo. gZ 2004 gmbr Pmboë`m {dYmZg^oÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$sV lr_Vr M§ÐeoIa _w§~B©VyZ {ZdSy>Z Amë`m AmhoV.

dgB©Vrb H°$Wmo{bH$ bm|H$m§Mr EH$JÇ>m _Vo nS>ë`mg `m {dYmZg^m _VXmag§KmVrb C_oXdmam§Mo {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m {ZH$mbmMo nmaS>o Hw$R>ë`mhr ~mOyZo diÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr Z¸$sM VmH$X Amho. gZ 1004 gmbr Pmboë`m _w§~B©Vrb H$mhr bmoH$g^m Am{U {dYmZg^m _VXmag§Km§V hr ~m~ gd©M amO{H$` njm§À`m bjmV R>iH$nUo Ambobr Amho.

Ah_XZJa {OëømV X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmMr g§»`m Ah_XZJa, lram_nya, amhmVm, {Q>iH$ZJa, haoJmd, g§J_Zoa, eodJmd, gmoZJmd, KmoS>oJmd, amhþar, nmWS>u, H|$Xi Am{U Zodmgm `oWo bjUr` Amho. Zm{eH$ H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©àm§VmV Zm{eH$, Ah_XZJa, Ywio, OiJmd Am{U Z§Xwa~ma `m Mma {Oëøm§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. Ë`mn¡H$s gdm©V OmñV åhUOo 19 Y_©J«m_ (n°are) Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb CÎma ^mJmV åhUOo lram_nya, amhþar, amhmVm, H$monaJmd,g§J_Zoa, Zodmgo, Ah_XZJa,nmWS>u VmbwŠ`m§V hmoVo. nydm©l_rÀ`m X{bV Agboë`m {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb EH$hr ì`º$s AmVmn`ªV {dYmZg^oda {ZdSy>Z Ambr Zmhr dm {dYmZn[afXoda Zo_br Jobr Zmhr.

haoJmdÀ`m _V_mD$brÀ`m `mÌogmR>r g§nyU© _hmamï´>^a {dIwabobm _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mO haoJmdbm O_Vmo.Ë`mdoirM `mg_mOmMr _moR>r g§»`m Am{U ApñVËd BVam§À`m bjmV `oVo. H$mhr bmIm§À`m Amgnmg Agboë`m `m ^m{dH$m§gmR>r `m `mÌo{Z{_Îm Eg Q>r _hm_§S>i lram_nwamVyZ haoJmdbm Xa {_{ZQ>mJ{UH$ JmS>çm gmoS>V AgVo. Ë`m_wioM `m n[agamV Am_XmaH$sgmR>r CËgwH$ AgUmao {d{dY amO{H$` njmMo nwT>mar `m `mÌobm h_Img hOa amhÿZ Amnbr CnpñWVr gd© ^m{dH$m§À`m bjmV `oB©b `mgmR>r {d{dY Šbwár§Mm dmna H$aV AgVmV. amO{H$` nwT>mar Amnë`m `mÌobm Ambo `mMoM `m g_mOmVrb bmoH$m§Zm _moR>o Aàyn dmQ>V AgVo.

_mÌ `m g_mOmÀ`m à{V{ZYtZm H$mhr amO{H$`, gm_m{OH$ nXo {_idyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r g_mOmÀ`m `m eº$sMm Cn`moJ hmoV Zmhr. aoëdoñWmZH$mda EImÚm JmS>rMr dmQ> nmhUmam bmoH$m§Mr _moR>r g§»`m Agmdr, aoëdo VoWyZ T>ië`mZ§Va g§nyU© aoëdoñWmZH$mda Hw$UmMm _mJ_yghr Zgmdm AgoM _V_mD$br{Z{_Îm `oWo O_Uma`m g§™`oMo amO{H$` qH$dm g§KQ>ZoÀ`mÑï>rZo \${bV AgVo.

S>m° ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§À`m O`§Vr Am{U _hmn[a{Zdm©Um{Z{_Îm _w§~B©V, ZmJnwamV, nwÊ`mV Am{U BVa {R>H$mUr X{bV g_mOmMo bmoH$ àM§S> g§»`oZo EH$Ì `oVmV, Voìhm `m OZg_wXm`mbm Amnë`m MidirH$S>o, {dMmaàUmbrH$S>o qH$dm njmH$S>o AmH${f©V H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ AZoH$ OU H$aV AgVmV. `m àg§Jm§{Z{_Îm {d{dY nwñVH$m§Mr _moR>çmà_mUmV {dH«$s hmoVo OmJmoOmJr C^maboë`m ì`mgnrR>m§dê$Z O_boë`m O_mdmMo gm_m{OH$, amO{H$` Am{U d¡MmarH$ à~moYZ H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm OmVmo, Vgo Hw$R>bohr àH$ma haoJmdÀ`m `mÌoV dm {IñVr g_mOmÀ`m BVa Hw$R>ë`mhr Ym{_©H$ H$m`©H«$_mV AmT>iV Zmhr {d{eï> XodimV\}$ Am`mo{OV Ho$boë`m `m H$m`©H«$_mMo ñdê$n Ym{_©H$ AgUma ho CKS> Amho, _mÌ `m Am`Ë`m JXuMm dmna Hw$R>ë`mhr gm_m{OH$ C{Ôï>m§H$aVm Ho$bm OmD$ Z`o `mMo d¡få` dmQ>Vo.

g§Kf© hm Ogm Am§~oS>H$ar MidirMm EH$ A{d^mÁ` ^mJ Amho Vgo {¼ñVr g_mOmMo Zmhr Ago A{dZme S>moig `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho. {¼ñVr Pmë`m_wio gdbVr ZmhrV. Ë`m_wio ~m¡ÜX g_mOmÀ`m VwbZoV hm g_yh IynM _mJo nS>bm. Ë`mgmR>r amOH$s`, gm_m{OH$ Midir Cä`m H$amì`m bmJVmV, Ë`m `m g_mOmZo Ho$ë`m ZmhrV Ago Vo åhUVmV.2 gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$, amOH$s` MidirV hm g_mO \$magm Ambobm Zmhr. Ë`m§Mm g§~§Y BVa g_mOmer `oVmo Vmo àm_w»`mZo {_eZar§Zr H$mT>boë`m emim§_wio. nU Vmohr nmë`-nmbH$, {ejH$, \$mXa, {gñQ>g© EdT>çmnwaVm. A°S>{_eZ KoVmZm, _wbm§À`m àJVrg§~§YmV Am{U Aemgma»`m emim§er g§~§{YV Jmoï>r§nwaVm. BVa àíZ qH$dm {dMmaàdmh `m§À`mer gmYmaUV: Ë`m§Mm g§~§Y `oV Zmhr. `m g§~§YmV EH$àH$maMr Am¡nMm[aH$Vm AgVo. {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb A§VJ©V àdmhmer BVam§Mm \$maM WmoS>m g§~§Y `oVmo, Ago Ë`m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho, `mV ~aoMgo VÏ` Amho.

H$mhr dfmªnydu lram_nwamV _{hbm dJm©§gmR>r amIrd Agboë`m dmS>m©_YyZ H$_b nm°b nbKS>_b `m {¼ñVr _{hbm {ZdSy>Z Amë`m hmoË`m. ehamVrb g§V byH$ BpñnVimÀ`m n[agamVrb \$mXa~mS>rÀ`m Amgnmg {¼ñVr g_mOmMr bmoH$g§»`m ~è`mn¡H$s Amho, Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Mm {dO` eŠ` Pmbm. _mÌ Ë`mZ§Va AmVmn`ªV åhUOo Jobr Vrg df} `m g_mOmVrb Hw$R>br ì`º$s nwÝhm ñWm{ZH$ ZJanm{bHo$da {ZdSy>Z Jobr Zmhr. BVa Aën§g»` g_mOmVrb ZoVo {d{dY amO{H$` njm§er Am{U ZoË`m§er gmQ>obmoQ>o O_dyZ {d{dY nXo Cn^moJV AgVmZm {¼ñVr g_mOmZo _mÌ `m~m~VrVhr Amnbm _mJmgbobonU {gÜX Ho$bo Amho.

Ah_XZJa _hmnm{bHo$Mr n{hbrM {ZdS>UyH$ 14 {S>go§~a 2003 bm nma nS>br. `m _hmnm{bHo$Mm à^mJ H«$_m§H$ 1 hm `oWrb gdm©§V _moR>m à^mJ. gmdoS>r Am{U E_ Am` S>r gr à^mJmMo EHy$U _VXmZ 15,421 BVHo$ hmoVo. Ë`mn¡H$s {Zå_o _VXmZ {¼ñVr d BVa _mJmgd{J©`m§Mo VgoM Aëng§»`m§H$m§Mo hmoVo. Ë`m_wio VoWo {¼ñVr g_mOmMm EH$ d BVa g_mOmMm EH$ Ago XmoZ _mJmgd{J©` ZJagodH$ ghO {ZdSy>Z `oD$ eH$V hmoVo. nU Vgo Pmbo Zmhr. H$maU {¼ñVr d BVa {_iyZ EHy$U gmV Vo AmR> C_oXdma {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m [a¨JUmV hmoVo. Ë`m_wio {¼ñVr g_mOmMr _Vo {d^mJbr Jobr. n[aUm_r `m g_mOmMm EH$hr C_oXdma ZJagodH$ hmoD$ eH$bm Zmhr. ehamVrb BVa à^mJmVyZhr {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb EH$hr ì`º$s ZJagodH$ åhUyZ {ZdSy>Z Ambr Zmhr. àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> Am{U H°$Wmo{bH$ n§{W` _amR>r g_mOmMm g§nyU© _hmamï´>mV Ah_XZJa {Oëhm ~mbo{H$„m g_Obm OmVmo. Ë`m ehamÀ`m ZJanm{bHo$V `m g_mOmMm EH$hr à{VZrYr Zgmdm hr `m g_mOmÀ`m Ñï>rZo EH$ _moR>r Zm_wîH$sMrM ~m~ Amho.

Ah_XZJaMrM hr pñWVr Va _J nwÊ`m-_w§~B©Mr VgoM Zm{eH$ - Am¡a§Jm~mXMr pñWVr `mnojm doJir Agy eHo$b H$m` Agm àíZ Ah_XZJa `oWrb H$m`©H$V} bwH$g nmQ>moio `m§Zr {Zamoß`mÀ`m Am°JñQ> 2004 À`m A§H$mV {dMmabm hmoVm.

nñVrg dfm©§nydu ' {Zamoß`m'À`m 1971À`m Owb¡À`m A§H$mV Mmb©g gmidr `m§À`m boImVrb hm n{hbm n[aÀN>oX AmOhr g_n©H$ R>aVmo:

''H$mhr {XdgmnyduM 'gH$mi' `m X¡{ZH$m_YyZ EH$ AË`§V _hÎdmMm Am{U Ii~iOZH$ _OHy$a N>mnyZ Ambm Amho.Ë`m boImÀ`m bo{IH$m AmhoV gm¡ em{bZr ~ob ! Ë`m§Zr Ë`m_Ü`o Ago {ZdoXZ Ho$bo Amho - '' AmnUm§g ñdmV§Í` {_iyZ 24 df} Pmbr; na§Vw Amnbm EH$hr Am_Xma, ImgXma AWdm H$mnm}aoQ>a AmO Amnë`m {¼ñVr g_mOmMr Xw:Io doerda Q>m§JÊ`mgmR>r ApñVËdmV Zmhr. Amnë`m Ñï>rZo hr AË`§V IoXmMr Jmoï> Amho. Aëng§»`mH$ Oar åhQ>bo Var hOmamo {¼íMZ AmO _hmamï´>m_Ü`o AgVmZmXoIrb Ë`m§Mo ZoV¥Ëd H$aUmam, Ë`m§À`mdVrZo ^m§S>Umam EH$hr H$V¥©ËddmZ Bg_ nwT>o `oD$ eH$V Zmhr, `mMm AW© H$m`? {H$Vrhr AÝ`m` Pmbm Var Vmo gmogÊ`mMm Amåhr _º$m KoVbm Amho H$m`? Amåhmbm Am_À`m g_mOmMr H$idi `oV Zmhr H$m`?? Am_À`m g_mOmMr IaoM àJVr ìhmdoE Ago Amåhmg dmQ>V Zmhr H$m`? {H$ AmOMr Amnbr n[apñWVr ^rVrZo Jm§Jê$Z Joboë`m H$moH$amgmaIr Pmbobr Amho?''

gmidr nwT>o åhUVmV: gÜ`m Oo _hmamï´>r` {¼ñVr AmhoV Ë`mVrb ~hþVoH$ _mJmgboë`m g_mOmVrb AmhoV.na§Vw Ë`m§À`m _mJo ''{¼íMZ' hm eãX Amë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m Am{W©H$ d e¡j{UH$ gdbVr ~§X hmoVmV. Y_© ~Xbbm Va Xoe ~XbVmo H$m`?? g§ñH¥$Vr ~XbVo H$m`? darb EH$mhr Jmoï>rMm {dMma Z H$aVm Ë`m§À`m gd©M gdbVr ~§X hmoVmV. g_mOmV Va AmnU _mJmgbobo åhUyZM amhVmo Am{U BH$S>o Am{W©H$ d e¡j{UH$Ñ îQ>çAm Amnbm H$m|S>_mam hmoVmo Am{U hm AÝ`m` AmnU _yJ {_iyZ ghZ H$aVmo ! '' 3

J«m_rU ^mJmV amOH$s` joÌmV _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmMr AJXr {d{MÌ nÜXVrZo H$m|S>r hmoVmZm {XgyZ hmoVo. hëbr J«m_ n§Mm`V, n§Mm`V g{_Vr, {Oëhm n[afX, ZJa n[afXm Am{U {d{dY ghH$mar g§ñWm§À`m {ZdS>UwH$sV AZygw{MV OmVrO_mVr§gmR>r H$mhr nXo Ama{jV Ho$bobr AgVmV. `m {ZdS>UwH$sV _amR>r {¼ñVr ì`º$s§Mo ZmVodmB©H$ Am{U ^mD$~§X Agboë`m na§Vw qhXw Y_m©V am{hboë`m qH$dm ~wÜX Y_m©V Joboë`m bmoH$m§Zm `m Ama{jV nXm§Mm bm^ KoVm `oVmo. _mÌ {¼ñVr Y_m©Mo bo~b Agë`mZo gdm©Wm©Zo _mJmgd{J©` AgyZhr `m Jmdm§Vrb {¼ñVr g_mOmbm Ho$di hmV MmoiV ~gmdo bmJVo. AmnboOwZo OmV^mB© amOH$s` nXo {_idyZ Amnbr àJVr gmYVmhoV ho nmhV Ë`m§Zm ~gmdo bmJVo. ehamV amhUma`m gwIdñVy Agboë`m BVaY{_©` dm IwÔ _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmbmhr J«m_rU ^mJmVrb {¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m `m n[apñWVrMr OmUrd ZgVo.

Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb J§Jmnya VmbwŠ`mVrb _mir KmoJaJmd `oWo gZ 1970À`m XeH$mV VoWrb {¼ñVamOm _§{XamMo _w»` Y_©Jwê$ \$mXa Agboë`m \$mXa nwWoÝHw$b_ ìhr Omogo\$ `m§Zr `m JmdmV gm_m{OH$ Am{U amO{H$` H«$m§VrMo AZoH$ à`moJ Ho$bo. nr ìhr \$mXa `m ZmdmZoM AmoiIë`m OmUmè`m `m Ho$air` Y_©Jwê$§Mr `m JmdmMo gan§M åhUyZhr `m Y_©Jwê$§Mr {ZdS> Pmbr hmoVr `mdê$Z Ë`m§Mo doJionU {XgyZ `oVo. gan§M ho amO{H$` nX ^yf{dUmao _hmamï´>mVrb Vo ~hþYm EH$_od Y_©Jwê$ AgmdoV. Y_©Jwê$§Zm amO{H$` nX ñdrH$maÊ`mg H°$Wmo{bH$ _hm_§S>i ghgm nadmZJr XoV Zmhr. _mÌ KmoJaJmdgma»`m AmS>diUmÀ`m JmdmVrb `m Y_©Jwê$§À`m am amOH$s` joÌmVrb `m à`moJm~m~V ñWm{ZH$ {¼ñV_§S>imVHw$R>brhr à{VHy$b à{V{H«$`m CR>br ZìhVr.

_hmamï´>mV _w§~B© Am{U R>mUo {OëømImbmoImb nwUo Am{U qnnar-qMMdS> eham§V {¼ñVr bmoH$ ~hþg§»`oZo AmT>iVmV. Ë`m_Ü`o _amR>r^m{fH$ (H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> ) g_mOmMo à_mU ^anya Amho. ZJa añË`mda am_dmS>r n[agamV S>r Zmo{~br H$m°boO, nonb go{_Zar `m gma»`m `oeyg§Kr` Am{U BVa H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©Jwê$§À`m {d{dY g§ñWm-g§KQ>Zm§Mo _moR>o Omio {Z_m©U Pmbo Amho. Ë`m_wio _hmamï´>mÀ`m {d{dY ^mJm§Vrb VgoM _yiMo Jmodm, Vm{_iZmSy> dJ¡ao amÁ`mVrb Agbobo {IñVu bmoH$ _moR>çm g§»`oZo `oWo AmT>iVmV. nwUo _hmnm{bHo$À`m VgoM {dYmZg^oÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$sV `m H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> g_mOmMr ^y{_H$m {ZUm©`H$ R>ê$ eH$Vo ho AmVmn`ªV AZoH$ amOH$s` njm§À`m Am{U ZoË`m§À`m bjmV Ambo Amho. Om°Z nm°b ho {¼ñVrY{_©` amO{H$` ZoVo `oadS>m n[agamVyZ XmoZXm nwUo _hmnm{bHo$da {ZdSy>Z Ambobo AmhoV. nU _yiMr _amR>r^m{fH$ Agbobr {¼ñVr ì`º$s AmVmn`ªV nwUo _hmnm{bHo$V {ZdSy>Z Ambobr Zmhr. _hmamï´> {dYmZg^oV AWdm {dYmZn[afXoVhr AmVmn`©§V _w§~B© Am{U dgB©Mm AndmX dJiVm Cd©arV _hmamï´>mVrb

_amR>r^m{fH$ {¼ñVr g_mOmbm à{V{ZYrËd {_imbobo Zmhr.

bmoH$g^m Am{U {dYmZg^oÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$m amO{H$` njm§À`m dVrZo bT>dë`m OmVmV Voìhm _hmamï´>mV BVa Aëng§»` g_mOmà_mUoM ~hþg§»` {¼ñVr _VXma Ë`m n[agamV à^mdr Agob Ë`m H$m±J«og qH$dm amï´>dmXr H$m±J«og `mgma»`m ñdV:bm {ZY_u amOH$maUmMm nwañH$ma H$aUma`m njmbm nmqR>dm XoVmo Agm gd©gmYmaU g_O Amho. gZ 2004 À`m bmoH$g^oÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$sV _w§~B©V {¼ñVr g_mOmZo {d{eï> amO{H$` njmbm EH$JÇ>m _VXmZ Ho$ë`mZo Ë`m {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m {ZH$mbmMo nmaS>o {déÜX {Xeobm PwH$bo Jobo Aer Omhra dº$ì`o Ë`m H$mimV Ho$br Jobr hmoVo.

ñdV:Mr à^mdr amOH$s` VmH$X dm ZoV¥Ëd ZgUmè`m OmVrO_mVr dm Aëng§»` goŠ`wba njm§À`m diMUrbm OmVmV `m_mJo `m g_mOm§Mr Vm{H©$H$Vm Amho, OwZm AZw^d JmR>rer AgVmo. H$m°J«oggmaImM nj _hmamï´>mgma»`m _amR>m ~hþg§»` Agboë`m amÁ`mV ~°[añQ>a AãXwb ah_mZ A§Vwbo `mgma»`m ZoË`mMr _w»`_§ÌrnXmda Zo_UyH$ H$ê$ eH$Vmo, S>m° _Z_mohZ qgJ gma»`m Aëng§»` erI g_mOmVrb ZoË`mMr n§VàYmZ nXmda {ZdS> H$ê$ eH$Vmo. Y_© Am{U OmVrMo amOH$maU H$ê$ nmhUmè`m njm§_wio Ë`m Y_m©Mr dm OmVrMr ZgUmè`m bmoH$m§_Ü`o Agwa{jVVoMr ^mdZm {Z_m©U hmoV AgVo.Amnë`mbm gm_m{OH$ Am{U amOH$s` gwajm XoD$ eH$Umè`m BVa Hw$R>ë`mhr njmH$S>o - _J Vmo ~hþOZ g_mO nj Agmo,S>mdo nj Agmo dm g_mOdmXr nj Agmo - diV AgVmV. Ë`m§À`m Ë`m g_Omg EH$Xm VS>m Jobm H$s _J Vo Xwgè`m {ZY_u amOH$maU H$aUmè`m njmÀ`m emoYmV AgVmV. _hmamï´>mV Var H$m±J«og Am{U eaX ndma `m§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImbrb amï´>dmXr njm{edm` BVa Hw$R>bmhr VWmH${WV {ZY_u amOH$s` njmMm g_W© n`m©` Aëng§»` g_mOmg_moa {XgV Zmhr.

_mÌ Ë`m_wio `m g_mOmbm Amnë`mì`{Varº$ BVa Hw$Um ì`ŠÎmrbm dm amOH$s` njmbm _Vo XoÊ`mMm {edm` n`m©` Zmhr Agm g_O dm J¡ag_O hmoD$ eH$Vmo. Agm 'XoAa BO Zmo Am°Xa AmëQ>aZo{Q>ìh' (' {Q>Zm') \°$ŠQ>a _wio `m g_mOmbm J¥hrV Yabo OmD$Z _J `m g_mOmgmR>r H$mhr H$aÊ`mMr Ë`m amOH$s` nwT>mè`m§g dm njmg JaO ^mgV Zmhr. Aem doirg _J {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m doir PQ>H$m XoD$Z Ë`m nwT>mè`mg Amnë`m gm_Ï`m©Mr AmR>dU H$ê$Z Úmdr bmJVo. Ah_XZJa {OëømV EH$m _VXmag§KmV Joë`m {dYmZg^oÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$sV EH$m goŠ`wba njmÀ`m ZoË`mg AgmM PQ>H$m XoD$Z M¸$ ^Jì`m `wVrÀ`m C_oXdmamg {ZdSy>Z AmUbo åhUo.

Jobr AZoH$ df} ñdV:bm {ZY_u åhUdUmè`m njm§Mr nmR>amIU H$ê$ZgwÜXm amO{H$`ÑîQ>çm X{bV R>r^m{fH${¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m nXamV H$mhrM nS>bobo Zmhr. Hw$R>ë`mhr nm{bHo$V dm _hmnm{bHo$V ñdrH¥$V g^mgX åhUyZgwÜXm `m g_mOmVrb H$m`©H$Ë`m©§Mr `m amO{H$` njm§V\}$ dUu bmdbr OmV Zmhr. Ë`m_wio {dYmZn[afXoda `m g_mOmÀ`m à{V{ZYtMr Zo_UyH$ hmoUo Va \$maM Xya am{hbo. goŠ`wba njm§Mr nmR>amIU Ho$bo Var Ë`m~Xë`mV H$mhr _mo~Xë`mMr Anojm Z ~miJë`mZo åhUm dm amOH$s` X~m~JQ> åhUyZ à^mdrnUo C^o Z am{hë`mZo åhUm, `m g_mOmMr amO{H$`ÑîQ>çm CnojmM Ho$br OmV Amho.

{¼ñVr g_mO hm X{bV g_mO AgyZXoIrb [anpãbH$Z njmÀ`m Hw$R>ë`mhr JQ>mZo `m g_mOmH$S>o Amnbr Z¡g{µJH$ ìhmoQ> ~±H$ åhUyZ nm{hbo Zmhr ho {deof Amho. H$Xm{MV {¼ñVr g_mOmMr AmVmn`ªV Am§~oS>H$ar MidirnmgyZ \$Q>Hy$Z amhÊ`mMr àd¥Îmr `mg H$maUr^yV Agy eHo$b. _mÌ nm{bH$m, _hmnm{bH$m Am{U J«m_n§Mm`V nmVirdaÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$m§V X{bV Agbobo ho ^mD$~§X ~hþVoH$doiog EH$ÌM AgVmV, hm qhXy, hm ~m¡ÜX Am{U hm {¼ñVr Agm ^oX^md ` X{bVm§_Ü`o Ë`mdoir ZgVmo. amOH$maUmV X{bVm§À`m njm§À`m AZoH$ {nbmdir Pmë`m AmhoV, Ë`mn¡H$s EImÚm {nbmdirV Vo AgVmV EdT>oM.

`m Am§~oS>H$ar Midirer Agbobo Amnbo Z¡g{J©H$ ZmVo {¼ñVr g_mOmZo ~iH$Q> Ho$bo Va `m g_mOmMo {d{dY Am{W©H$, gm_m{OH$ Am{U amO{H$` àíZ gwQ>Ê`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. gwX¡dmZo X{bV MidirVrb AZoH$ nwT>mè`m§Zm Am{U H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm {¼ñVr g_mOm{df`r AmñWmhr Amho. _mJo 'gwJmdm àH$meZ'Mo àm {dbmg dmK Am{U CfmVmB© dmK `m§Zr `mg§X^m©V à`ËZhr Ho$bo hmoVo. Aem àH$mao {¼ñVr g_mOmZo Am§~oS>H$ar Midirer ZmVo OmoS>bo Va _yiMm EH$M g_mO Agboë`m `m g_mOKQ>µH$m§Mo _moR>o {hV gmYbo OmUma Amho.

g§X^©:

1) AemoH$ XodXÎm {Q>iH$, 'AmUIr EH$ àH$mePmoV', àH$meH$: OJàH$me, Omo. {d. dobtH$a (`oeyg§Kr`), gmogm`Q>r Amo\$ {OPg), S>r Zmo{~br H$m°boO, nwUo 411 006, (1960), (nmZ gmV)

2) A{dZme S>moig, 'Y_mªV[aV X{bV Am{U {¼ñVr X{bV _wº$s Midi', 'Am§~oS>H$ar Midi: n[adV©ZmMo g§X^©' , gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo, (1995), nmZ 45)

3) Mmb©g gmidr, '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, Owb¡ 1971

({¼ñVr X{bV _amR>r gm{hË` n[afXoV\}$ lram_nya `oWo {X. 8 Am{U 9 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 2005 bm Am`mo{OV Ho$boë`m H$m`©emioV hm boI dmMÊ`mV Ambm. -nyd©à{gÜXr 'bmoH$n[adV©Z' gmám{hH$, àW_ dYm©nZ{XZ {deofm§H$ 2005, g§nmXH$: g{Vf OmYd, Ah_XZJa, Am{U '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, {S>g|~a 2005 )

H$

Vidrohi writer Satyavan Namdeo Suryawanshi (Marathi)

JmdHw$gm~mhoaMm {¼ñVr g_mO, H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo

16) {dÐmohr gm{hpË`H$, g§nmXH$ gË`dmZ gy`©d§er§

Amnë`m H$V¥©ËdmZo _amR>r gm{hË`mV Am{U g_mOOrdZmV Amnë`m nmD$bIwUm _mJo R>odUmè`m {¼ñVr gm{hpË`H$m§_Ü`o \$mXa Wm°_g ñQ>r\$Ýg, {dë`_ H°$ar, ~m~m nX_ZOr, n§{S>Vm a_m~mB©, aoìh. Zmam`U dm_Z {Q>iH$, aoìh. ZriH§$R>emór Jmoao dJ¡a|Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. `m ì`º$s¨Mr na§nam gË`dmZ Zm_Xod gy`©d§etZr {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m CÎmamYm©V AJXr g_W©[aË`m nwT>o Mmb{dbr. gd©gmYmaU {¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m {ZpîH«$`, em§VVm{à` Am{U Hw$R>ë`mhr à{VHy$b n[apñWVrV PJS>m Z H$aVm OwidyZ KoÊ`mÀ`m _mZ{gH$Voer {dg§JV Ago gy`©d§er§Mo ~§S>Imoa, AmH«$_H$ e¡brMo ì`º$s_Ëd hmoVo. {d{dY àg§Jr dmXJ«ñV R>aVrb Aem ^y{_H$m KoD$Z Ë`m§Zr Amnbo doJionU {gÜX Ho$bo. gy`©d§erÀ`m boIUrMm, dH¥$ËdmMm Am{U Ë`m§À`m ~hþ{dY T>§Jm§À`m ì`{º$_ËdmMm _amR>r X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb Vê$U {nT>rda \$ma _moR>m à^md nS>bm. AmO `m g_mOmVrb {d{dY joÌm§V H$m`©aV AgUmè`m AZoH$ ì`º$s gy`©d§etMo ho F$U AJXr _moH$ù`mnUo _mÝ` H$aVmV.

gy`©d§etMo 'AJm Oo H$pënbo Zmhr' ho AmË_M[aÌ gZ 1975 gmbr à{gÜX Pmbo. _amR>r gm{hË`mVrb X{bV AmË_H$WZm§À`m _m{bHo$Vrb ho n{hboM AmË_H$WZ åhUmdo bmJob. AmnU {¼ñVr Agbmo Var nydm©l_rMo _hma OmVrVrb Agë`m_wio C?d{U©` Amnë`mbm _hma åhUyZM dmJ{dbo OmV Agm VH«$marMm gya gy`©d§etZr `m AmË_M[aÌmV bmdbm Amho Ago S>m° dmgwXod _wbmQ>o `m§Zr 'X{bVm§Mr AmË_H$WZo' `m nwñVH$mV åhQ>bo Amho. gy`©d§etÀ`m AmË_M[aÌmZ§Va VrZ dfmªZr åhUOo 1978 À`m {S>g|~amV X`m ndma `m§Mo '~bwV§' Am{U 1979 À`m OmZodmarV à. B©. gmoZH$m§~io `m§Mo 'AmR>dUtMo njr' hr AmË_H$WZo à{gÜX Pmbr. 1

gy`©d§etÀ`m gm{hpË`H$ H$ma{H©$XrMm gwê$dmVrMm H$mi _w§~B©V Jobm, `mM H$mimV Ë`m§À`m nwñVH$m§Zm amÁ` Am{U H|$Ð gaH$maMr nm[aVmofHo$ {_imbr. _mÌ X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmV Am{U ~hþg§»` g_mOmV Ë`m§Mo VoO Viny bmJbo Vo Ë`m§Zr 'AmnU' gmám{hH$mÀ`m g§nmXH$nXmMr Pyb MT>{dë`mZ§Va Am{U Amnë`m Img e¡brV H$sV©Zo gmXa gwê$ Ho$br Voìhm. 'AmnU' gmám{hH$mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Ë`m§À`m boIUrMr Am{U H$sV©ZmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Ë`m§À`m dmUrMr VmH$X Voìhm gdm©À`m bjmV Ambr. `oeyg§{K`m§V\}$ Mmb{dbo OmUmao ho gmám{hH$ 1970À`m gw_mamg Ë`mH$mimVrb 'gmo~V', 'ñdamÁ`' '_m{_©H$' , '{ddoH$' Aem _amR>rVrb àñWm{nV {Z`VH$m{bH$m§er ñnYm© H$aV hmoVo ho {deof. `m_mJo gy`©d§erMr YmaXma boIUr Am{U g§nmX{H$` H$m¡eë` H$maUr^yV hmoVo ho {ZpíMV. 'AmnU'Zo H$_mdbobr bmoH${à`Vm Ë`mZ§Va Hw$R>ë`mhr {¼ñVr {Z`VH$m{bH$mbm {_idVm Ambr Zmhr.

EH$ XeH$mhÿZ H$_r H$mi Am`wî` bm^boë`m 'AmnU' gmám{hH$mMo gd© A§H$ nwÊ`mVrb 'ñZohgXZ' `m `oeyg§Kr` g§ñWoÀ`m J«§Wmb`mV B{Vhmgg§emoYH$m§gmR>r OnyZ R>odÊ`mV Ambo Amho. gy`©d§er§Mo g§nmXH$s` H$m¡eë`, {dÛÎmm Am{U X{bV d Cno{jV g_mOKQ>H$m§{déÜX Pmboë`m AÝ`m`m{dê$ÜX bT>Umar Ë`m§Mr AmH$_«H$ boIUr OmUyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r ho A§H$ MmiyZ nmhm`bmM hdo.

'_wÔB© bmI ~wam Mmho Vmo Š`m hmoVm ho/ dhr hmoVm h¡ Omo _§Owao IwXm hmoVm h¡/'' hm eoa ~«rXdmŠ` åhUyZ AJXr R>iH$nUo {_adUmè`m 'AmnU' gmám{hH$mZo X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m Vê$U _§S>irda \$ma _moR>m à^md Q>mH$bm. 'AmnU' _Ü`o 'Zma~m {bìhVmo`' `m gXam{edm` 'ho amï´>m, _mÂ`m amï´>m' `mgma»`m Ii~i _mOdUmè`m AZoH$ boI_m{bH$m Ë`m§Zr {b{hë`m. `mn¡H$s AZoH$ {bImUm_wio Ë`m§Zm g_mOmVrb H$mhr JQ>m§À`m àjmo^mbm Vmo§S> Úmdo bmJbo. hm àjmo^ EH$Xm AJXr J§^ra Wamda nmohmoMbm Voìhm Va Ë`m§Zm nmo{bg H$moR>S>rVhr EH$XmoZ {Xdg Kmbmdo bmJbo hmoVo.

~m~m nX_ZOr `m§À`mà_mUoM g. Zm. gy`©d§er ho ~hþàgd gm{hpË`H$ hmoVo.gm{hË`, nÌH$m[aVm, dH¥$Ëd, AÜ`mËå`, X{bV gm{hË` Am{U gm_m{OH$ Midi `m_Ü`o gy`©d§er `m§Zr \$ma _moR>o `moJXmZ Ho$bo. _amR>r {¼ñVr gm{hË` g§_obZmMo Am{U X{bV {¼ñVr gm{hË` g§_obZmMo AÜ`jnX Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`mH$S>o AJXr MmbVM Ambo. nwÊ`mV 1972 gmbr ^aboë`m _amR>r {¼ñVr gm{hË` g§_obZmÀ`m Amnë`m AÜ`jr` ^mfUmV gy`©d§etZr {¼ñVr g_mOmZo BVa X{bV KQ>H$m§er, Aëng§»` g_mOmer EH$s H$amdr Agm Ë`mdoir AË`§V H«$m§VrH$maH$ dmQ>Umam {dMma _m§S>bm. Ë`mZ§Va OdiOdi XmoZ XeH$m§Zr aoìh AaqdX nr. {Z_©i `m§Zr X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmMo Am§~oS>H$ar Midirer ZmVo OwidyZ ho ho {dMma àË`jmV AmUbo. gy`©d§erà_UoM AaqdX {Z_©i ho _amR>r X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb EH$ _hÎdmMo ì`º$s_Ëd. gy`©d§er Am{U {Z_©i `m XmoKm§Zrhr _amR>r X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmbm _hmamï´>mVrb nwamoJm_r Am{U X{bV MidirV AmUÊ`mMo EH$ AË`§V _hÎdmMo H$m`© Ho$bo. Ë`mÀ`m `m à`ËZmbm AmO _moR>çm à_mUmV `e Amë`mMo {XgV Amho.

{Z_©i ~aoM df} _hmamï´>m~mhoa hmoVo. Ë`mH$mimV 'AmnU' Mo g§nmXH$ `m ZmË`mZo g_mOmV ^aS>ë`m OmUmè`m AZoH$ Xwb©{jV KQ>H$m§Mo, X{bV Am{U Aëng§»` g_mOmÀ`m àíZm§Zm gy`©d§etZr dmMm \$moS>br hmoVr. _hmamï´>mV naVë`mZ§Va {Z_©i `m§Zr ãb°H$ {W`m°bm°OrÀ`m YVuda X{bV {b~aoeZ {W`m°bm°OrMm (X{bV _wº$s B©ídakmZ) àgma gwê$ Ho$bm. {Z_©i `m§Zr gwê$ Ho$boë`m ñdV§Ì _amR>r X{bV {¼ñVr gm{hË` g§_obZmMo gy`©d§er Xwgao AÜ`j hmoVo. XwX¡dmZo {Z_©i `m§Zm _hmamï´>mV Amnbo H$m`© H$aÊ`mg \$ma H$_r H$mi bm^bm. X{bV {¼ñVr Midi _hmamï´>mV Mm§Jbo _yi Yê$ bmJbr AZ 1995 gmbr {Z_©i `m§Mo {ZYZ Pmbo. X{bV {¼ñVr MidirMm EH$ _moR>m AmYmaM Zm{hgm Pmbm. Ë`mZ§Va nmM dfmªZ§Va gy`©d§etMohr {ZYZ Pmbo.

gy`©d§etZr _moR>çm à_mUmV b{bV gm{hË`mMr {Z{_©Vr Ho$br. Am{W©H$ H$maUm_wio 'AmnU' ~§X nS>bm Am{U gy`©d§etÀ`m hmVmVrb EH$ _moR>o Aó Jobo. `m gmám{hH$mMo ApñVËd g§në`m_wio g§nyU© _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmMo _moR>o ZwH$gmZ Pmbo. `mMo H$maU `m {Z`VH$m{bH$m_wio `m g_mOmÀ`m à~moYZmgmR>r Am{U gm{hË`mgmR>r EH$ _moR>o ì`mgnrR> {_imbo hmoVo. 'AmnU'Mo àH$meZ nwT>rb µH$mhr H$mi Mmby am{hbo AgVo Va X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m dmQ>Mmbrg àoaUm {_imbr AgVr Am{U `m g_mOmÀ`m AmOÀ`m Am{W©H$, gm_m{OH$ Am{U amOH$s` pñWVr_Ü`o Iyn àJVr Pmbr AgVr..

gy`©d§etZr `m gmám{hH$mVyZ X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb AZoH$ boIH$m§Zm CÎmoOZ {Xbo. Amnë`m boIH$m§Zm _mZYZ XoUmao gy`©d§er Ë`mH$mimVrb EH$ AndmXmË_H$ g§nmXH$ hmoVo. AmOgwÜXm AZoH$ {Z`VH$m{bHo$ hr àWm nmiV Zmhr. _r emioV {eH$V AgVmZm gy`©d§etZr _wbm§gmR>r Agboë`m gXamV _mÂ`m XmoZ bKwH$Wm à{gÜX Ho$ë`m hmoË`m Am{U Ë`m~Ôb àË`oH$ doir nmM ê$n`m§Mo _mZYZ _bm _ZrAm°S>©aZo nmR>dyZ {Xbo `mMo _bm AOyZhr Aàyn dmQ>Vo. _mÂ`m nÌH$m[aVoMr AàË`j gwê$dmV Aem àH$mao 'AmnU' nmgyZ Pmbr. _mÂ`mà_mUoM AZoH$ {¼ñVr boIH$ `m~m~VrV gy`©d§er§Mo H$m`_ F$Ur AmhoV.

'AmnU' gmám{hH$mVyZ gy`©d§etÀ`m {dMmam§Mr, {dÛÎmoMr Am{U ~§S>Imoa àd¥ÎmrMr _bm AmoiI Pmbr hmoVr.

_mÌ `m AmXaUr` ì`º$sbm ì`{º$JV[aË`m _bm H$Yrhr ^oQ>Vm Ambo Zmhr dm Ë`m§À`m Ë`m JmOboë`m H$sV©ZmMm EH$Xmhr AZw^d KoVm Ambo Zmhr `mMr _bm Zoho_rM I§V dmQ>Vo. embo` {ejUmZ§Va _mPo dmñVì` _hmamï´>m~mhoa Jmoì`mV Voam df} hmoVo ho Ë`m_mJMo EH$ H$maU. Ë`m§À`m {ZYZmnydu EH$ df© AmYr nwÊ`mV Ë`m§Mm gËH$ma Pmbm Voìhm Ë`m§Mo AJXr n{hë`m§XmM Xe©Z KoÊ`mMm `moJ Ambm. _mÌ ~mV_r XoÊ`mgmR>r _bm d¥ÎmnÌmÀ`m H$m`m©b`mV Vm~S>Vmo~ Om`Mo Agë`mZo Ë`m§À`mer ~mobÊ`mMr g§Yr {_imbr Zmhr. Ë`m{Xder Ë`m§Mm _w¸$m_ nwÊ`mVM 'ñZohgXZ'bm hmoVm Am{U Xwgè`m {Xder Vo Zm{eH$bm naVbo. _mÌ ho _bm Z§Va H$imbo Voìhm Ë`m§À`mer g§dmX H$aÊ`mMr EH$ _moR>r g§Yr _r J_mdbr `mMo _bm Iyn hr dmB©Q> dmQ>bo. Ë`mZ§Va bdH$aM Ë`m§À`m {ZYZmMr ~mV_r 'Q>mBåg Am°\$ B§{S>`m'V àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mMm _mÂ`mda àg§J Ambm.

'AmnU' ~§X nS>ë`mZ§Vahr gy`©d§etZr Amnbr boIUr Imbr R>odbr Zmhr. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ nwñVHo$ Ë`m§Zr {b{hbr. _hmamï´>mÀ`m {d{dY ^mJm§V H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> n§{W`m§gmR>r H$sV©Zo Ho$br. {¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m AZoH$ g^mg§_obZm§V Ë`m§Mr EH$ à_wI ì`º$s åhUyZ CnpñWVr Agm`MrM. X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmZohr Amnë`m `m Á`oð> gm{hpË`H$mMm ^anya _mZgÝ_mZ Ho$bm. {¼ñVr gm{hË` g§_obZmMo XmoZXm Am{U X{bV {¼ñVr gm{hË` g§_obZmMo EH$Xm Ë`m§Zr AÜ`jnX ^yf{dbo. {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> `m XmoZ n§{W`m§_Ü`o _Zmo{_bZ OwidÊ`mMo _hÎdmMo H$m_ Ë`m§Zr Ho$bo. `m XmoÝhrhr n§{W`m§_Ü`o Ë`m§Zm AmXamMo ñWmZ {_imbo hmoVo. Am`wî`mÀ`m AIoarg Ë`m§Mr aoìh AaqdX {Z_©i, àm {dbmg dmK, Cfm dmK `m§À`mgma»`m X{bV MidirVrb ZoË`m§~amo~a OdirH$ {Z_m©U Pmbr hmoVr.

gy`©d§erZr OdiOdi XmoZeo nwñVHo$ {b{hbr. Ë`m_Ü`o H$mX§~è`m, d¡Mm[aH$ {bImU, AmÜ`mpË_H$ nwñVHo$, AmË_M[aÌ, M[aÌo, g§emoYZna {bImU dJ¡ao§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo.2 Ë`m{edm` 'AmnU' Am{U BVa {d{dY {Z`VH$m{bµH$m§V Ë`m§Zr _moR>çm à_mUmV {b{hbo. 'AmnU' gmám{hH$mV 'Zma~m {bìhVmo`' `m gXamVyZ Cno{jV X{bV g_mOmVrb AZoH$ ì`{º${MÌo Ë`m§Zr a§J{dbr. g_mOmVrb {d{dY Cno{jV ì`º$s¨da {bImU H$ê$Z AmnUM X{bV gm{hË`mMr gwê$dmV Ho$br Agm gy`©d§erMm Xmdm hmoVm, _mÌ ho lo` Amnë`mbm {Xbo OmV Zmhr `mMr I§V Ë`m§Zr AZoH$Xm ì`º$ Ho$br hmoVr.3 Ë`m§À`m `m Xmì`mV {H$VnV VÏ` Amho ho _amR>r gm{hË`mÀ`m Aä`mgH$m§Zr nmhm`bm hdo.

gy`©d§etÀ`m g_J« gm{hË`mMo _yë`_mnZ Am{U g_rjm AmOn`ªV Pmbobo Zmhr. Vgo Pmë`mg `m gm{hpË`H$mMo loð>Ëd Z¸$sM {gÜX hmoB©b. Ho$ed grVmam_ H$èhmS>H$a `m§Zr ~m~m nX_ZOr `m§À`mda nrEMS>r nXdrgmR>r à~§Y {bhÿZ EH$ ì`º$s Am{U gm{hpË`H$ åhUyZ nX_ZOr `m§Mo _yë`_mnZ Ho$bo. AemMàH$mao gy`©d§erÀ`m gm{hË`mdahr nrEMS>rgmR>r à~§Y {b{hÊ`mgmR>r Hw$UrVar nwT>o `m`bm hdo.

g§X^©:

1) S>m° Eb. dm`. Am¡Ma_b, 'Am§~oS>H$ar Midi Am{U h¡Xam~mX g§ñWmZmVrb X{bV _wº$s g§J«m_', àH$meH$: Cfm dmK, gwJmdm àH$meZ, 861/1, gXm{ed noR>, nwUo- 411 030 (àW_md¥Îmr 1997) (nmZ 25 Vo 27)

2) AZ§V bú_U Omoer (g§nmXH$), '_amR>r gmañdV; ( {ÛVr` I§S>), AZ_mob àH$meZ, 683, ~wYdma noR>, nwUo 411 002 (1992), (nmZo 508 Vo 510)

3) gwZrb í`m_gw§Xa AmT>md, 'Y_© {¼ñVmMm, {dMma gm{hË`mMm - eVH$mVrb {¼ñVr gm{hË` g§_obZmÜ`jr` ^mfUo d Ë`mdarb g_rjm', (nmZo 319 Am{U 320)

Christian missionaries in Maharashtra (Marathi)

 JmdHw$gm~mhoaMm {¼ñVr g_mO,  H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo

7) naXoer {¼ñVr {_eZar

Ah_XZJa, OmbZm Am{U Am¡a§Jm~mX {Oëøm§Vrb {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~m§V {Ia_m`a, ~oëga, ñQw>_©, ~|P, Poån, hmëXZa. ñb°pßgg. J¡gb. _m`a, {gŠñV, dmñgaa, ~°b§Q>mB©Z, µJ§Q>a, S>moar§J, ~mIa, \o$a}a, Jm°S>©Z hm°b, ew{~Ja, Om{H$`a, øy_, boXb}, {gñQ>a {g{g{b`m Am{U {gñQ>a {¼ñVrZm Aer O_©Z, Am°pñQ´>`Z, ñdrg, \«o$§M Am{U A_o[aH$Z {_eZatMr Zmdo AJXr n[a{MV AmhoV. hr Zmdo Agboë`m Y_©Jwê$ dm {gñQ>am§er Amnë`m Am`wî`mV H$Yr ^oQ> Pmbr Zmhr qH$dm hr Zmdo H$Yrhr H$mZmda nS>br Zmhr Ago gm§JUmar AmO Mmirer dm nÞmerÀ`m Amgnmg Agbobr EH$hr H°$Wmo{bH$ dm àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> ì`º$s `m {Oëøm§V gmnS>Uma Zmhr. Joë`m nmdUoXmoZeo dfmªV _hmamï´>mÀ`m `m {Oëøm§V g_mOOrdZmÀ`m {d{dY joÌm§V _wb^yV ñdê$nmMo `moJXmZ H$aUmè`m H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> {_eZar§Mr g§»`m XmoZeohÿZ A{YH$ Amho.1

da C„oIbobr Zmdo Agboë`m naXoer {_eZatZr `m {OëømVrb àË`oH$ H°$Wmo{bH$ Hw$Qw>§~mer Joë`m nÞmg dfmªV EH$ doµJioM ^md{ZH$ ZmVo {Z_m©U Ho$bo Amho. ào{fVH$m`© H$aVm§Zm `m {_eZatMr {OëømVrb doJdoµJù`m {_eZH|$Ðm§V ~Xbr hmoV Ago, Ë`m_wio `m gdm©MmM {OëømVrb àË`oH$ Hw$Qw>§~mer H$Yr Zm H$Yr g§~§Y `oV AgoM. AJXr A{bH$S>À`m H$mimn`ªV AZoH$ {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~m§Mr Zmi emim, ~mo{S>©J, XdmImZm, ZmoH$ar qH$dm Am{W©H$ gmhmæ` `m H$maUm§_wio \$mXa~mS>rer OmoS>bobr Ago. Ë`m{edm` ~m{áñ_m, n{dÌ H$å`w{Z`Z, {ddmh, A§Ë`g§ñH$ma dJ¡ao ñZmZg§ñH$mam§_wio àË`oH$ Hw$Qw>§~mMm `m \$mXam§er WoQ> g§nH©$ AQ>i Ago. Ë`m_wioM `m `wamo{n`Z \$mXam§Mm Am{U Ë`mMà_mUo {gñQ>am§Mm _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOOrdZmda àË`j Am{U AàË`j[aË`m \$ma _moR>m à^md nS>bm Amho. `m \$mXam§Zr Am{U {gñQ>am§Zr `oWrb J«m_rU n[agamV _moR>_moR>r Xodio, XdmImZo, emim, dgVrJ¥ho Am{U BVa g§ñWm§Mr g§Hw$bo C^r Ho$br. ho gd© {Z_m©U hmoV AgVm§ZmM ho {_eZar `oWrb {¼ñVr Am{U {~Ja{¼ñVr g_mOmMrhr OS>UKS>U H$aV hmoVo. Ë`m§À`mM AWH$ à`ËZm§VyZ AmO Ah_XZJa, OmbZm Am{U Am¡a§Jm~mX `m {Oëøm§V amhUmè`m qH$dm Z§VaÀ`m H$mimV nwUo, Zm{eH$, _w§~B© Am{U ZmJnwamV ñWm{`H$ Pmboë`m {¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m e¡j{UH$, Am{W©H$, gm_m{OH$ àJVrg hmV^ma bmJbm Amho.2

AmOÀ`m H$mimV Y_©Jwê$ åhQ>bo {H$ Ë`m§Mm g_mOmÀ`m Ho$di AmÜ`mpË_H$ ~m~r§nwaVmM g§~Y Agob Ago

J¥{hV Yabo OmVo. _moR>çm eham§V a{ddmaMr {_ñgm Am{U ~m{áñå`mgma»`m {d{dY gm§H«$m_|VmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmnwaVmM h„r Y_©Jwê$§Mm {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~mer g§~§Y am{hbm Amho. _mÌ Joë`m gììdmeo dfm©À`m H$mimV {d{eï> gm_m{OH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ g§X^m©_wio Aer n[apñWVr ZìhVr.Ah_XZJa {OëømV A_o[aH$Z _amR>r {_eZ `m àmoQ>oñQ>§Q>n§{W` {_eZatMo H$m`© 1831 gmbr gwê$ Pmbo Am{U Ë`mZ§Va H°$Wmo{bH$ {_eZar§ VoWo 1878 gmbr nmohmoMbo.3 {¼ñVr {_eZatMo `m {Oëøm§V ào{fVH$m`© gwê$ Pmë`mnmgyZ Z§Va Jobr OdiOdi {XS>XmoZeo dfmªn`ªV ~hþg§»` _amR>r {¼ñVr hm g_mO nyU©nUo {_eZatda AZoH$ ~m~VrV Adb§~yZ am{hbm hmoVm.g_mOmVrb n{hbr {nT>r nXdrYa hmoB©n`ªV qH$dm Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm ñdmdb§~r hmoB©n`ªV hr n[apñWVr H$m`_ am{hbr.

g_mOmZo ImbÀ`m OmVrMo åhUyZ hoQ>mibobm Am{U gaH$maZo Ë`m§À`m h¸$mÀ`m gdbVr ZmH$maë`mZo {dH$mgmMr Xmao ~§X Pmboë`m `m g_mOmbm àJVr gmYÊ`mgmR>r {dgmì`m eVH$mV {_eZat{edm` Xwgam Hw$R>bmM AmYma ZìhVm. Ë`m_wio \$mXa~mS>rV amhÿZ VoWo H°$Q>o{H$ñQ>, {ejH$, {enmB©, S´>m`ìha, XdmImÝ`m§V Am`m Am{U PmSy>dmë`m dm {_iob Vo H$m_ H$ê$Z qH$dm \$mXam§Zr eoVrgmR>r Ho$boë`m _XVrda `m bmoH$m§Zr ñdmV§Í`nyd© Am{U ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimV JwOamU Ho$br. Ah_XZJa Am{U Am¡a§Jm~mX {Oëøm§V haoJmd, g§J_Zoa, amhmVm, H|$Xi, KmoJaJmd, ~moaga dJ¡ao J«m_rU ^mJm§V {_eZatZr ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimVM àmW{_H$ emim CYS>ë`m hmoË`m. g§J_ZoamV _wbm§Zr Amnë`m g|Q> _oarO ñHy$b_Ü`o {eH$Ê`mgmR>r `mdo `mgmR>r \$mXa dmB©ghm¡ßQ> `m§Zr 1900À`m Xaå`mZ {H$Vr H$ï> KoVbo ho nm{hbo åhUOo {_eZatÀ`m `m gm_m{OH$ godoMo Hw$Urhr H$m¡VwH$M H$aob. `m emim§_wio J«m_rU ^mJm§V gd© OmVrY_mªÀ`m Am{U _w»` åhUOo X{bVm§Zmhr {ejUmMr Xmao n{hë`m§XmM Iwbr Pmbr. `m emim§V gmVdrn`ªV _Ob _mê$ eH$bobo {¼ñVr _wbo-_wbr _J g§J_ZoaÀ`m kmZ_mVm Am{U g|Q> _oarO ñHy$bÀ`m ~moS>vJ_Ü`o amhÿZ AmR>dr-Zddrn`ªV H$go~go nmohmoMV. Ë`mn¡H$s ~hþVoH$ _wbo Amnbr e¡j{UH$ Hw$dV qH$dm nmbH$m§Mr Am{W©H$ Hw$dV AmoiIyZ _°Q´>rH$AmYrM nwÊ`mÀ`m g|Q> Omogo\$ Q>opŠZH$b B§pñQ>Q>çyQ>Mr dmQ> YarV. `oeyg§Kr` Y_©Jwê§$Zr Mmb{dboë`m Ë`mH$mimV AË`§V ZmdmOboë`m `m Am`Q>rAm`_Ü`o hr _wbo {\$Q>a, dm`a_Z, _oH°${ZH$ dJ¡ao H$mog© H$arV. Ë`mH$mimV nwÊ`mV ZwH$VoM doJdoJù`m _moR>çm H§$nÝ`m gwê$ Pmë`m hmoË`m. VoWrb ~OmO, Q>oëH$mo, J«rìO, Jadmao dJ¡ao H§$nZr§_Ü`o `m Vê$Um§Zm ZmoH$è`m {_imë`m. Am{U àW_M `m g_mOmVrb n{hbr {nT>r dVZmMr O{_Z, dVZXmar, JmdmH$S>Mr Añn¥í`m§Zm {_iUmar dmJUyH$ `mnmgyZ Xya hmoD$Z ehamVrb gwYmaboë`m dmVmdaUmV dmdê$ bmJbr.

IoS>çmnmS>çm§V \$mXa~mS>rVM amhÿZ VoWo H$m_ H$aUmè`m bmoH$m§Zm amhÊ`mgmR>r {_eZatZr H$m¡bmar Mmir ~m§Yë`m. haoJmd, lram_nya, amhmVm, eodJmd, Am{U d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`mVrb KmoJaJmd dJ¡ao {R>H$mUr \$mXa~mS>rÀ`m Amgnmg {¼ñVr g_mO PmonS>rEodOr ñdV:À`m OmJoV {g_|Q>À`m nŠŠ`m Kam§V amhÿ bmJbm. nJmaXmar bmoH$ {_eZatZr {Xboë`m H$Om©À`m, AmJmD$ aH$_oÀ`m ~imda \$mXa~mS>rnmerM OmJm {dH$V KoD$Z ñdV:À`m KamV amhÿ bmJbo. \$mXa~mS>r åhUOo `m g_mOmgmR>r EH$ Zdo {díd ~Zbo. \$mXa~mS>r gmoSy>Z ~mhoa Om`Mo åhQ>ë`mg Ë`m§Zm ñdV:À`m Hw$dVrda Am{W©H$ {dH$mg gmYUo Ë`mH$mimV Var eŠ` ZìhVo. `m {dídm~mhoa Ë`m§Zm gÝ_mZmZo OJUo eŠ` Pmbo ZgVo. {ejUmA^mdr Am{U amIrd OmJm§À`m H$dMmA^mdr gaH$maXa~mar Ë`m§Zm ZmoH$arV ñWmZ ZìhVo. nwT>o OmVrnmVrMo amOH$maU gwê$ Pmë`mZo ImgJr qH$dm ghH$mar g§ñWm§V Ë`m§Mr S>mi {eOV ZìhVr. Zm KaH$m, Zm KmQ>H$m Aer pñWVr Pmë`mZo {¼ñVr {_eZarM `mH$mimV Ë`m§Mo _m`~mn ~Zbo.

J«m_rU ^mJm§V AZoH$ XeHo$ ~hþg§»` {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~m§Vrbhr {H$_mZ EH$ Var ì`º$s \$mXa~mS>rV Hw$R>ë`m Z Hw$R>ë`m nXmda H$m_ H$aV Agm`Mr. AZoH$Xm VrM ì`º$s Ë`m Hw$Qw>§dmVrb EH$_od H$_mdVr ì`º$s Agm`Mr. AmOhr `m n[apñWVrV \$magm \$aH$ nS>bobm Zmhr. Ë`mH$mimV EH$m {_eZñWmZm_Ü`o AmgnmgÀ`m AZoH$ IoS>çm§Mm g_mdoe ìhm`Mm. Ë`m JmdmV Y_©Jwê$§Mr _{hÝ`mVyZ EH$Xm {_ñgogmR>r \o$ar ìhm`Mr. _mÌ Ë`m JmdmVrb àË`oH$ {¼ñVr ì`º$s \$mXam§À`m Mm§Jë`m n[aM`mMr Agm`Mr. CnmgZm hmoÊ`mAmYr qH$dm Z§Va Ë`m Hw$Qw>§~m§Vrb gwIXw:ImÀ`m Jmoï>r \$mXam§Zm H$im`À`m. `m g_mOmÀ`m AÜ`mpË_H$ JaOm ^mJdVmZmM Ë`m§À`m Am{W©H$, H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ Am{U gm_m{OH$ A{S>AS>MUr Xya H$aÊ`mghr ho {_eZar _XV H$am`Mo. EImXm XmXbm Amnë`m ~m`H$mobm Zm§X{dV Zgob dm EImXr gmgwadm{eU gmgar Om`bm ZmIwe Agbr Va \$mXam§Zr XmoKm§Zmhr ehmUnUmMo ~mob gm§JyZ _Ü`ñWr H$amdr Aer Ë`m§À`m nmbH$m§Mr Anojm Ago. ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimVrb XmoZ _hm`wÜXm§À`m H$mimV AZoH$ O_©Z {_eZar§Zm Vwé§Jdmg KS>bm, naXoemVyZ `oUmè`m Hw$R>ë`mhr ñdê$nmÀ`m _XVrdahr XrK©H$mi {Z~ªY Ambo. Xw~©i KQ>H$m§À`m _XVrgmR>r gVV nwT>o OmUmao {_eZatMo hmV `m H$mimV IynM AdKS>bobo hmoVo.

gZ 1960 Am{U 1970 À`m XeH$m§V `oeyg§Kr` {_eZar naXoem§VyZ Ambobo YmÝ`, Vob Am{U JmoR>dë`m XyYmMr nmdS>a hbmIrMr n[apñWVr AgUmè`m Hw$Qw>§~m§_Ü`o dmQ>V AgV ho _r nm{hbo Amho. `m _XVr_Ü`o ~ëJa `m ZmdmMo A_o[aH$Z YmÝ` Agm`Mo. ' \«$m°_ A_o[aH$m {dW bìh' hr B§J«Or Am{U 'A_o[aH$s OZVmH$s ^oQ>' ho qhXr eãX Agboë`m Á`wQ>gmaa»`m JmoÊ`m§VyZ ho ~ëJa dmQ>bo Om`Mo. OmS> ImH$s H$mJXm§Mr grb~§Y Agbobr XwYmMr {nedr \$moSy>Z Ë`mVrb XwYmMr nmdS>arMo AZoH$ Hw$Qw>§~m§_Ü`o dmQ>n ìhm`Mo. Mm¡H$moZr Mma -nmM {bQ>aÀ`m JmoS>oVobmMo S>~ohr JaOy bmoH$m§Zm {Xbo Om`Mo. {deof åhUOo naXoemVyZ `oUmè`m `m _XVrMo {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~m~amo~aM {~Ja{¼ñVr JaOy ì`º$s A{U Hw$Qw>§~m§Vhr dmQ>n ìhm`Mo.

AZoH$ df} {_eZatZrhr Amnë`m Hw$dVrZwgma `m bmoH$m§À`m gm_m{OH$, e¡j{UH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ àJVrgmR>r à`ËZ Ho$bo. ñdmV§Í`moVa H$mimV naXoer {_eZatÀ`m ^maVmVrb dmñVì`mda {Z~ªYo bmXÊ`mV Ambr. Zm{eH$ {OëømVrb _Z_mS> ehamV bmoH$m§gmR>r AZoH$ {dH$mg`moOZm am~Umao ñn°{Ze Y_©Jwê$ \$mXa {dÝgoQ> \o$aoam `m§À`m~m~VrV {Z_m©U Ho$bobo H$mhÿa AOyZhr bmoH$m§À`m Mm§Jbo ñ_aUmV Amho. ñdmV§Í`m§Z§VaÀ`m H$mimV Zdo naXoer {_eZar Ah_XZJa {Oëøm§V Am{U XoemÀ`m BVa ^mJm§V _moR>çm g§»`oZo Ambo ZmhrV. Oo nyduM Ambo hmoVo, Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m nyU© h`mVrV åhUOo AJXr d`mMr ZìdXr JmR>on`ªV `oWrb JaOy, Cno{jV g_mOmMr godm Ho$br.

`wamon- A_o[aHo$VyZ `m naŠ`m _wbwImV EoZ Vmê$Ê`mV `oD$Z `oWrb H$S>H$ D$Z, doJù`m nÜXVrMm Amhma Am{U AË`§V H$ï>mMr OrdZe¡br nËH$ê$Z XoIrb `mn¡H$s AZoH$ {_eZatZm OUyH$mhr Ë`m§À`m godoMo \$i åhUyZ XrKm©`wî` {_imë`mMo {XgVo. ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimV KmoS>çm§dê$Z, N>H$S>çm§dê$Z,nm`rnm`r qH$dm gm`H$btdê$Z JmdmoJmdr àdmg H$aUmè`m Am{U ñWm{ZH$ Ádmar-^mH$arÀ`m ^mH$argmaIo AÞ nM{dUmè`m {~en hoZ«r S>moatJ, Om{H$`a~m~m, em°H$, ñQw>_©, ñQ>mH©$, [aMS>© dmñgaa, ñQ>m\$Za, ~mXa, hmëXZa, nm`g J¡gb dJ¡ao naXoer {_eZatZm Hw$Umbmhr hodm dmQ>ob Ago Amamo½` Am{U {XKm©`wî` bm^bo. AJXr ZìdXr nma Ho$ë`mZ§Vahr `mn¡H$s AZoH$ Y_©Jwê$ àH¥$VrZo AJXr V§XwéñV hmoVo. ZìdXr nma Ho$boë`m nwÊ`mMo AmM©{~en hoZ«r S>moatJ MmbVmZm Ìmg hmoVmo åhUyZ H$mR>r dmnam Agm g„m {Xbm Va Vo Idim`Mo. 'H$mR>r KoD$Z Mmby? _J bmoH$ åhUVrb, hm ~Km, AmVm hm åhmVmam Pmbm!'' 4 Joë`m EH$-XmoZ XeH$m§À`m H$mimV {Ma{dlm§Vr bm^boë`m `m {_eZatÀ`m H$m`m©§Mm bm^ {_imbobo Am{U Ë`m§À`m ghdmgmV Ambobo AZoH$ {¼ñVr Am{U {~Ja{¼ñVr bmoH$ AmO {H$_mZ nÞmer qH$dm gmR>rÀ`m Amgnmg AmhoV. `m {_eZatZr {ejU, gm_m{OH$, Am{U Am{W©H$ joÌmV Ho$boë`m `moJXmZm§Mr `m ì`º$s CÎm_ gmj XoD$ eH$VmV.

^maVr` g_mOmV nwT>rb {nT>çm§gmR>r B{VhmgmMr Zm|X amIÊ`mMr gd` AmT>iV Zmhr Ago åhQ>bo OmVo. `m naXoer {_eZatZm AmnU {dgaV OmV Agbmo Var Ë`m§À`m _m`Xoem§Vrb `wamonmV amo_, O_©Zr Am{U BVa {R>H$mUr `m Y_©Jwê§$Zr Amnë`m ZmVodmB©H$m§Zm, {_Ì_§S>itZm Am{U Y_m©{YH$mè`m§Zm {b{hbobr nÌo, Ë`m§À`m amoO{Zer Am{U VoWrb ñWm{ZH$ ^mfm§V {b{hbobr M[aÌo AmOhr OVZ H$ê$Z R>odbobr AmT>iVmV. _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m BVHo$M Zìho Va _hmamï´>mVrb VËH$mbrZ g_mOmÀ`m B{VhmgmÀ`m Ñï>rZo hr H$mJXnÌo EH$ _m¡ë`dmZ R>odmM Amho. Amnbm B{Vhmg OmUyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r `wamonmVrb hr O_©Z Am{U b°Q>rZ ^mfm§Vrb hr H$mJXnÌo Yw§S>mim`Mr nmir `mdr hr Zm_wîH$sM åhUmdr bmJob. _amR>r g§V dmS²>:_`mMo g§emoYH$ aoìô. OñQ>rZ ES>dS>© A°~Q> `m§Zm 1920À`m Xaå`mZ B§½bS>_Ü`o Wm°_g ñQ>r\$ÝgZo gmoimì`m eVH$mV {b{hboë`m ' {H«$ñVnwamU' `m _amR>r _hmH$mì`mMr XodZmJar {bnrVrb hñV{bIrV àV AerM Ho$di AnKmVmZoM gmnS>br hmoVr.5 O_©Z Am{U ñdrg Y_©àm§VmÀ`m `oeyg§{K`m§Zr Ho$boë`m npíM_ ^maVmV åhUOo _hmamï´>, Jmodm Am{U JwOamV `m amÁ`m§V ào{fVH$m`m©g 2004 _Ü`o {XS>eo df} nyU© Pmbr, Ë`m{Z{_Îm `m O_©Z, ñdrg, Am°pñQ´>`Z `oeyg§{K` d«VñÏ`m§À`m H$m_mMm AmT>mdm KoUmar EH$ ñ_a{UH$m àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr. Ë`mdoir `oeyg§{K`m§Zr OnyZ R>odboë`m b°{Q>Z Am{U O_©Z nÌm§Mo, Zm|Xr§Mo Am{U BVa H$mJXnÌm§Mo B§J«OrV ^mfm§Va H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. 'aoBg- `mÌm' `m {ef©H$mMr hr ñ_a{UH$m naXoer {_eZatÀ`m godo~Ôb ì`º$ Ho$bobr EH$ H¥$VkVmM Amho.6 Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb gdm©V Cno{jV Agboë`m g_mOKQ>H$m§gmR>r Amnbo nyU© OrdZ g_{n©V Ho$boë`m {_eZatn¡H$s AZoH$ Y_©Jwê$ Am{U {gñQ>g© g§J_Zoa `oWrb g|Q> _oarO hm`ñHy$bÀ`m eoOmarb H$~añWmZmV {Ma{ZÐm KoV AmhoV. BVa {_eZatÀ`m H$~ar nyUo, H|$Xi Am{U lram_nya `oWrb X\$Z^y_rV AmhoV.

'g_ Q>mBåg {X {g_|Q>arO Ama H§$Q>oqZJ _moa {hñQ>ar X°Z _oZr ~wŠg' (H$Yr H$Yr nwñVH$m§nojmhr X\$Z^y_rV A{YH$ B{Vhmg AgVmo) Ago \$mXa Á`mo C~ob_oñga `m O_©ZrVrb Y_©Jwê$§Zr Zm{eH$ H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©J«m_mÀ`m 2003 gmbr à{gÜX Pmboë`m ñ_a{UHo$V Amnë`m g§XoemV åhQ>bo Amho,7 Vo `mg§X^m©V AJXr bmJy nS>Vo. Ë`m WS>½`m§darb {Mam {ZIiV Joë`m, VoWo {Z`{_VnUo H¥$Vk²>Vmnyd©H$ nUË`m dm _oU~Î`m bmdë`m bmdë`m Joë`m Zmhr Var Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m H$m`mªMo _mob H$_r hmoV Zmhr. `mn¡H$s AZoH$ {_eZatMr Zmdo H$mimÀ`m AmoKmV {dñ_aUmV Jobr Var gìdmeo dfm©§À`m H$mimV Ë`m§Zr {¼ñVr Am{U {~Ja{¼ñVr g_mOmgmR>r Ho$bobr godm {dgabr OmUma Zmhr.

g§X^©:

1) 'X àm°{_g Am°\$ A aoZ~mo- E {Q´>ã`wQ> Am°\$ bìh Qy> Ada {_eZarO X dobpñà¨J Am°\$ hmon \$m°a X \w$Ma' - Zm{eH$ H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©àm§VmV {_eZar H$m`m©g 125 df} Pmë`m{Z{_Îm àH$m{eV Ho$bobr ñ_a{UH$m (1878-2003), (nmZ 96)

2) H$m{_b nmaIo, '{¼ñVr {_eZè`m§Mo `moJXmZ', gw{ZVr npãbHo$eÝg, {dVaH$ - gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo (2003) (_ZmoJV, nmZo 7 Vo 10)

3) E_. E. S>oìhrS>, ' {_eÝg:H«$m°g-H$ëMab EZH$m¢Q>a A±S> M|O BZ doñQ>Z© B§{S>`m', àH$meH$ - B§{S>`Z gmogm`Q>r \$m°a à_mo{Q>J {¼íMZ Zm°boO', nmoñQ> ~m°Šg 168, H$mpí_ar JoQ>, {X„r, 110 006, (nmZ 48)

4) S>m° A{OV bmoI§S>o, '~«Xa `mogo\$ E§Jb (`oeyg§K)', '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, _o 2007, (nmZ 10)

5) '\$mXa ñQ>r\$ZH¥$V {H«$ñVnwamU (n¡bo d Xwgao)', g§nmXH$ : em§Vmam_ ~§S>oby, àH$meH$, `. µJmo. Omoer, àgmX àH$meZ, 689/24, gXm{ed noR>, nwUo 411 002 (1956) (n[a{eï> 3, OñQ>rZ E A°~Q> `m§Mo 'X Q>mBåg Am°\$ B§{S>`m'V à{gÜX Pmbobo nÌ, (nmZ 946 Vo 949)

6) 'aoB©g- `mÌm', O_©Z Am{U ñdrg Y_©àm§VmÀ`m OogwB©Q>g Y_©Jwê$§Zr npíM_ ^maVmV gwê$ Ho$boë`m ào{fVH$m`m©g 150 df} nyU© Pmë`m{Z{_Îm à{gÜX Ho$bobr ñ_a{UH$m, àH$meH$ - \$m. ñQ>°Zr \$Zmª{S>g, nwUo OogwB©Q> Y_©àm§Vm§Mo _w»`m{YH$mar, g§OrdZ Aml_, 38, ggyZ amoS>, nwUo- 411 001 (2004)

7)'X àm°{_g Am°\$ A aoZ~mo- E {Q´>ã`wQ> Am°\$ bìh Qy> Ada {_eZarO X dobpñà¨J Am°\$ hmon \$m°a X \w$Ma', (nmZ 95)

S N Suryawanshi Devoted to a cause

INDIAN EXPRESS FRONT PAGE
Politics	Business	Expressions	General
World	Sports	Leisure	States

Monday, January 4, 1999 Devoted to a cause Camil Parkhe   There are many Christians who have contributed to Marathi literature during the last two centuries. Baba Padamanji who embraced Christianity during the last century is credited with writing the first Marathi novel Yamunaparyatan. The other great luminaries belonging to the Christian community who have enriched the Marathi literature include poet Rev. Narayan Waman Tilak and his wife `Sahityalaxmi' Laxmibai Tilak who wrote Smritichitre, treated as one of the best autobiographies in Marathi and the great scholar Pandita Ramabai.This rich tradition of the Christian community has been kept alive by Acharya Satyawan Namdeo Suryawanshi, veteran writer and editor of the now defunct Marathi weekly, Aapan. The 82-year-old writer-editor was in the city on December 12 when Christi Sahitya Sangh, Pune, bestowed upon him the `Sahitya Bhushan' award in recognition of his life-time contribution. Suryawanshi, a kirtankar, playwright, poet, evangelist and a fiery crusader, is also a guru to a large number of Christians who are now in their middle ages and are shining in their chosen vocations. The Nashik based Suryawanshi has many reasons to be the most revered person in the Christian community - both among the Catholics as well as the Protestants. He is the only surviving litterateur in this minority community who is credited with having written the largest number of books - around 200. Most important of all, Suryawanshi, himself a Protestant, has also functioned as a bridge between the Marathi-speaking Catholic and the Protestant communities when he edited for many years the Aapan weekly. The weekly was closed down two decades ago and since then, Suryawanshi has devoted himself only for writing and kirtans, his other love. During his over-an-hour interview conducted at the function by Fr. Joe Gaikwad, editor of Niropya monthly and Jayantkumar Tribhuvan, the octogenarian replied to a number of queries. The interview revealed that despite his age, he continues to be a fiery crusader, voicing the views and opinions which have been dear to him when he was in the limelight a score ago. During the interview, he recalled his days when he slept on the footpaths of Mumbai, his experiences as a kirtankar, and as an editor whose editorials often drew flak from different quarters. Answering a query as to which roles in his versatile personality he cherished the most, Suryawanshi replied that he liked the role of a journalist due to the profession's wider reach to the society and as an evangelist, he loved the role of a kirtankar. Suryawanshi said that due to his writings, initially he had to face opposition and humiliation from the people belonging to his own community - he was `ex-communicated' for over 12 years. He said that it was his habit to take up writing of different books simultaneously and that often he wrote a few pages of one book in the morning, of another book in the afternoon and an altogether different one in the evening. No wonder, only a few writers can match the number of books he has written. Suryawanshi has been a recipient of many other laurels, he has presided over the state-level Marathi Christi Sahitya Sammelan as well as Dalit Christi Sahitya Sammelan. Many speakers lamented that Suryawanshi's literary contribution was not given the due recognition in the Marathi literary circles. But this fact has not discouraged or deterred Suryawanshi from continuing his writing. This was amply clear to the gathering through his answers, especially when the octogenarian announced that his latest book, Kirtanshala, a book on techniques of conducting kirtans, will be published soon!

Poet, missionary Rev. Narayan Vaman Tilak

Poet, missionary Rev. Narayan Vaman Tilak

A chapter from a book

'Contribution of Christian Missionaries in India'

Author : Camil Parkhe

Published by Gujarat Sahitya Prakash, Anand, Gujarat





The students of Marathi medium schools get a glimpse of personality of Rev Narayan Vaman Tilak through some lessons excerpted from the well-acclaimed autobiography of his wife, Laxmibai Tilak, entitled 'Smrutichitre' (memoirs). The students also get to know his sensitive nature when they study some of his poems on flowers, nature and birds. The title 'Phula-Mulanche Kavi' (poet of flowers and children) given to him is so meaningful. Those who study Laxmibai's 'Smrutichitre' at college level, get further opportunity to understand Rev. Tilak's multifaceted personality from close quarters. There are many dimensions to Tilak's versatile personality: the truly nationalist Tilak who immensely loved his motherland and culture, the visionary missionary who after embracing Christianity, tried to live as a complete Indian Christian, a kirtankar who composed devotional songs like bhajans, abhangas, and gave discourses through Kirtan. He evolved a new spiritual-cultural movement for the newly converted Marathi-speaking Christians in Maharashtra and thus saved them from being culturally aliens in their own country. Included among the first five modern Marathi poets, the panch-kavi, Rev Tilak occupies a most venerable position in Marathi literature and especially in Marathi Christian community. The trio of Baba Padmanji, Pandita Ramabai and Rev. Tilak has been included in the Christian personalities who greatly contributed in creating the modern Maharashtra by their services in the fields like literature, social work and spirituality.
Narayan Tilak was born at his maternal grandparents' village Karanjgaon in the Konkan region on 6 December, 1861. Like Pandita Ramabai, Rev. Tilak also belonged to Chitpavan Brahmin community. He studied Sanskrit at Nashik. He married Manubai (Mankarnika) Gokhale around 1880. This Manubai was named Laxmibai after the marriage and now she is acclaimed as one of the best autobiographers in Marathi literature.
For eleven years after their marriage, Rev. Tilak did varied jobs like Kirtankar, teacher at places like Nagpur, Vani, Mumbai, and Murbad. In 1883, he used to edit a magazine 'Rishi' devoted to the religion. Once a Christian person gave him the holy Bible to read. Thereafter, he developed an interest in studying Christianity. Gradually, he started liking the religion and embraced it in 1895. He devoted rest of his life in the service of Jesus Christ.
With his own example, Rev. Tilak proved that it was possible for Marathi Christian community to be Christians without giving up their local cultural traditions. He fulfilled spiritual needs of the local Christian community by composing Jesus-centred bhajans and kirtan and epics. This has helped to a great extent to prevent adoption of western forms of worshipping in churches in Ahmednagar, Pune, Nashik, and Aurangabad districts - the areas where thousands of people embraced Christianity in the 19th and 20th centuries. Even eight decades after his death, several Marathi hymns composed by Rev. Tilak are still sung in various Catholic and Protestant churches.
Laxmibai Tilak's Smruti-Chitre explains the sensation and shock that resulted, when Sanskrit scholar Narayan Tilak embraced Christianity. Due to conversion, he was ostracised by his close relatives and society and had to stay away from his wife Laxmibai and young son Devdatta for nearly four years. In 1890, Laxmibai defied her family members and along with their son joined her husband. However she continued with her conservative rituals and customs for quite some time even after joining her now Christian husband and refused to have contact with the people belonging to the untouchable and other lower castes.
Once, there was acute shortage of water and Laxmibai was forced to drink water offered by a Muslim woman. Immediately after having a sip, she threw up. This incident marked conversion and transformation of conservative Laxmibai to a liberal and rebel personality. The revulsion caused in her after drinking water offered by a Muslim made her change her attitude towards her fellow-beings. Gradually, she started accepting food offered by people belonging to the untouchable communities. A year after joining her husband, Laxmibai also embraced Christianity. Laxmibai has penned all these events in her and husband's lives in her autobiography. Smruti-chitre serves as a mirror reflecting the lives of this great missionary couple and the social situation prevailing in Maharashtra in the early 19th century.
Rev. Bhaskar Ujagare edited a collection of 84 poems of Rev. Tilak titled Tilakanchi Kavita (part -1) in 1914. Narasinha Chintamani Kelkar, a close associate of Lokmanya Tilak, wrote a foreword to this poetry collection.
Rev. Tilak's Khristayan was an epic based on Bible. Composed entirely as per Indian tradition, it had similarity with the Tamil epic 'Tembavani' written by Joseph Beschi alias Virmamunivar, and also with the 17th century Marathi epic Kristapuran written by Fr Thomas Stephens. Both Fr Beschi and Fr Stephens were foreigners who composed epics based on Christian themes in regional languages. Rev. Tilak was the first Indian Christian missionary who composed an epic in similar style.
Rev. Tilak wanted Indian Christian forms of worships to be deeply rooted in the local culture and traditions - a principle emphasised by the Second Vatican Council five decades later. The epic Khristayan was a part of that effort. He started writing Khristayan in 1910. Many a time, he would leave his home and stay at places like Panchgani and Bhuinj to devote himself totally to his mission of writing the epic. Towards the end of his life, he had settled at Satara with his family for the same purpose. But his wish to complete the epic did not come true. He could complete only 10 full chapters and some part of the 11th chapter of this epic before he passed away. Twelve years after his death - in 1931 - Laxmibai, decided to finish her husband's incomplete work. In the next five years, she added 64 chapters to the Khristayan. After her demise, her son Devdatta penned the concluding 76th chapter. In 1938, the epic Khristayan was published. It was edited by veteran poet S K Kanetkar alias 'Girish', (father of veteran Marathi playwright Vasant Kanetkar).
Rev. Tilak was of the view that Indian forms of worshipping like singing bhajans and conducting kirtans should also be included in Indian churches. He succeeded in introducing this tradition in churches. He wrote in his preface to his book on compilation of Abhangas - "Singing bhajans and narrating stories from mythology are the traditional ways of propagating religion which are acclaimed and upheld by the masses."
The efforts of Tilak to introduce indigenous style of worshipping in Indian churches have yielded rich dividends in Maharashtra. The faithful in Catholic and Protestant churches sing Marathi hymns to the accompaniment of harmonium, tabla and cymbals.
Tilak maintained that conversion to Christianity does not mean emigration to another country and therefore, even after conversion, people should retain their distinct cultural identity. He was truly a nationalist missionary who took pride in Indian culture. Towards the later years of his life, Rev Tilak had started using saffron clothes, which symbolised renunciation.
Prior to his conversion, once a friend asked Tilak," Will your intense patriotism remain the same once you become a Christian?" In reply to this question, Tilak composed a poem. It throws light on Tilak's patriotism. Tilak had written at the end of the poem which when broadly translated from Marathi would be as follows:- ' Oh dear friend! I might cry, might languish, work hard while living on the earth, but would die for my own country even if I become a Christian. By doing this, I would enhance the grace of Christ. Otherwise, I would be a Christian only for the namesake."
Tilak has said, ' A Christian must be like Christ. And an Indian Christian must be like an oriental Christ.'
Towards the end of the 19th century and in 20th century, hundreds of families from western Maharashtra, Marathwada and Northern Maharashtra embraced Christianity. These families did not belong to the high caste like Rev. Tilak, Fr. Nilkanthashastri (Nehemya) Gore or Pandita Ramabai. These people had belonged to different low untouchable castes and tribes. As untouchables and primitive tribes persons, they were not allowed to enter any Hindu temple those days. Denied education for centuries, they had no access to any religious books. Even after their conversion to Christianity, the high caste people continued to treat them as untouchables. The abhangas or the Marathi hymns composed by Tilak fulfilled the spiritual need of the neo-Christians who were trying to understand their new religion. The spiritual composition by a Sanskrit scholar like Rev. Tilak was also of a great literary value. Although Rev. Tilak was a Protestant, his hymns have been sung for the past several decades in Catholic churches as well.
Tilak served as an editor of a Marathi periodical 'Dnyanodaya' from 1912 till his death in 1919. The periodical, established by the American Marathi Mission in 1842, is being published to this date.
Tilak was once invited by Pandita Ramabai to stay at her village Kedgaon near Pune and help her in her ongoing work of translation of Bible into Marathi. Around 1905, Tilak along with Laxmibai and son Devdatta stayed in Kedgaon for nearly six months for this purpose. While Tilak was in Kedgaon, Ramabai published a collection of his 108 bhajans with the title of 'Bhajan Sangraha' at her printing press. She also printed its second edition later.
Tilak insisted that the girl inmates from Ramabai's 'Mukti Sadan' should be taught Christian hymns sung in Indian classical music style. He had produced the collection of hymns 'Bhajan Sangraha' for the same purpose. Before Tilak's visit to Kedgaon, Ramabai used to teach the girls to sing hymns with western music style.
Pandita Ramabai had thorough knowledge of Sanskrit. Tilak had learnt Sanskrit but he was influenced more by the literature of Marathi sants (saints) belonging to the bhakti cult. That is why he used to say that, he had reached at the Christ' feet by walking on the bridge built by Sant Tukaram. It was difficult for Tilak and Pandita Ramabai with different inclinations and bent of minds to agree upon translations of Bible. Therefore within six months, Rev. Tilak along with his family left Kedgaon.
Although Tilak left Kedgaon, his friendship with Ramabai continued. During his last days when Tilak was critically ill, Ramabai had sent Rs 100 to him through her daughter, Manorama.
Rev. Tilak's will is a testimony of his immense patriotism and his love for Indian culture. In his will, he had stated that, that his mortal remains should not be buried as per western tradition but be consigned to flames according to the Indian tradition. He also said that black colour should be banned during his funeral procession. He said that, "If my near and dear ones wanted to raise a memorial or a tomb at a place where my ashes would be kept, the following lines should be inscribed on it: - 'Pushkal ajuni una, Prabhu Mi Pushkal ajuni una re!' (Oh God! I am still incomplete. God! I am still incomplete!) There should be no prefix like 'Reverend' or 'Mr.' to my name. The name should not be written as N. V. Tilak in English but as Narayan Vaman Tilak. I have not loved my parents, wife, children, friends or even myself as much I loved my country."
Rev. Tilak passed away in J. J. Hospital in Mumbai on 9 May 1919. His last rites were performed at Worli cremation and his ashes were buried in a tomb in Ahmednagar.. Rev. Tilak's favourite Marathi poem ' Pushkal Ajuni Una' and a poetic tribute by poet Madhav Julian have been inscribed on a marble plaque at his memorial.


References:-

1.'Smrutichitre' (Marathi) by Laxmibai Tilak, Devdatta Tilak, Editor- Ashok Devdatta Tilak, Abhinav edition, 1973, Publisher- Ashok Devdatta Tilak, Nagrik Press, Ramkrishna Paramhans Path, Nashik, Maharashtra, 422 002.

2.'Dnyanodayachya Panatun Maharashtrachya Prabodhanacha Magova' (Marathi) (A review of the awakening in Maharashtra through the pages of Dnyadodaya) (1842-1992) Edited by - Prof. Sudhir Sharma and Vijaya Punekar. Publishers- Dnyanodaya Trust, Joohi, Pathardi Road, Bhingar, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, 414 002, (1997)

---------

Add caption