Johar, Jai Bhim, Jai Khrist (Marathi)

JmdHw$gm~mhoaMm {¼ñVr g_mO, H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo

 10) Omohma, O` ^r_ Am{U O` {¼ñV

ñWi nwÊ`mVrb `oadS>m `oWrb g|Q> S>m°Z ~m°ñH$mo ñHy$beoOmarb àeñV _¡XmZ. gZ 2005 À`m 26 OmZodmarg nwÊ`mVrb _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmMm n{hbmM _oimdm VoWo ^a{dÊ`mV Ambm hmoVm. Ah_XZJa, Am¡a§Jm~mX {Oëøm§VyZ nwÊ`mV ñWm{`H$ Pmbobr _§S>ir _oimì`mgmR>r hiyhiy O_m hmoV hmoVr. `oUmè`m§n¡H$s AZoH$ OU `m _oimì`mMo _w»` g§`moOH$ Agbobo \$mXa A°§S´>`y jragmJa `m§Zm ^oQ>Ê`mgmR>r `oV hmoVo. ZD$dmar, ghmdmar Jmob gmS>çm Zogboë`m, Hw§$Hy$ bmdboë`m qH$dm Zgboë`m {d{dY d`moJQ>mÀ`m _{hbm VgoM eQ>©n±Q> KmVbobo, gmR>r Amobm§S>bobo qH$dm _Ü`_d`mMo nwê$f \$mXam§Zm XmoÝhr hmV OmoSy>Z qH$dm hmVmV hmV KoD$Z ' O` {¼ñV \$mXa ' åhUV hmoVo. \$mXahr Ë`m àË`oH$mbm hgV_wImZo 'O` {¼ñV' 'O` {¼ñV' åhUV àË`wÎma XoV hmoVo. Ë`mZ§Va VoWo Amboë`m \$mXa ZoëgZ _MmS>mo Am{U BVa \$mXa_§S>irhr _J nwT>rb AYm© Vmg `m A{^dmXZmÀ`m CnMmanÜXVrV gm_rb Pmbr. VoWo O_bobo BVa gd© àmn§{MH$ bmoH$ _mÌ EH$_oH$m§Zm 'Z_ñH$ma' åhUVM A{^dmXZ H$aV hmoVo. {VerÀ`m AmVrb Agbobr OdiOdi gd© Vê$U_§S>ir VoWo Amë`mAmë`m gd©M \$mXam§Zm ' Z_ñH$ma \$mXa', JyS> Eìh{Z§J' \$mXa' Ago åhUV 'J«rQ>' H$aV hmoVr. hr Vê$U _§S>ir åhUOo nwÊ`mVM OÝ_bobr, BWë`mM H$m°Ýìh|Q> emim§V {eH$bobr Zdr {nT>r.

'O` {¼ñV' hr A{^dmXZ nÜXV Ah_XZJa Am{U Am¡a§Jm~mX {Oëøm§Vrb _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmMr EH$ Img AmoiI åhUmdr bmJob. _hmamï´>mVrb dgB© ^mJmVrb _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmV qH$dm H$moëhmnya n[agamVrb KmQ>mdaÀ`m '~mX}ñH$a' {¼ñVr g_mOmV hr àWm AmT>iV Zmhr.

`oadS>çmÀ`m Ë`m _oimì`mV {^Þ d`moJQ>mÀ`m ì`º$s§À`m {^Þ A{^dmXZ nÜXVr `m g_mOm_Ü`o Joë`m gìdmeo dfmªÀ`m H$mimV Pmboë`m pñWË`§VamMoM EH$ à{VH$ hmoVo. Y_m©VamÀ`mAmYr BVam§Zm 'Omohma' åhUV A{^dmXZ H$aUmam hm g_mO Z§Va ñdV:Mo doJionU OnÊ`mgmR>r 'O` {¼ñV' H$S>o dibm.

{~«{Q>e A§_b gwê$ hmoÊ`mAmYr _hma g_mOmV A{^dmXZ H$aVmZm 'Omohma Ago åhUÊ`mMr nÜXV hmoVr. S>m° e§H$aamd IamVm§Zr åhQ>bo Amho {H$ g_mOmVrb BVa bmoH$m§à_mUo _hmamZo 'am_ am_' Ago H$Yr åhQ>bo Zmhr, Vmo 'Z_ñH$ma' Agohr H$Yr åhUV Zgo. Vmo \$º$ 'Omohma' Ago Vm|S>mZo åhUV hmoVm. Amnë`m _hma ~m§YdmZm Am{U JmdmVrb BVa gd©M bmoH$m§Zm Vmo'Omohma'M åhUV hmoVm. AWm©V Omohma åhUVmZm VmR> _mZoZo gaXmar nÜXVrZo EoQ>rV Vbdma C§MmdVmV Vgo hmV C§MmdyZ Vmo Z_ñH$ma H$aV hmoVm.

IamVm§À`m _Vo 'Omohma' C?maÊ`m_mJo _hmam§Mr em¡`©ËdmMr A{^_mZmñnX na§nam Amho, `m eãXmer _hmam§Mr {hZVm Z§VaÀ`m H$mimM OmoS>br Jobr. àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZ _hmam§Zr Amnbo ñdV§Ì ApñVËd {Q>H$dÊ`mgmR>r, Amnë`m amÁ`H$Ë`m©§Mm _mZgÝ_mZmMo ajU H$aÊ`mgmR>r {nT>çmZ{nT>çm 'Omohma' ( A{¾{Xì`) Ho$bo. Ë`m em¡`m©Mm Jm¡ad H$aÊ`mgmR>r Z_ñH$ma H$aVmZm Vo 'Omohma' åhUy bmJbo. _hmam§Zm nwT>o Añn¥í` R>a{dbo Joë`mZ§Va 'Omohma' eãXmMm em¡`©Ëdmer g§~§Y g§nbm Am{U Vo Ë`m§À`m Añn¥í`VoMo ÚmoVH$ ~Zbo. Omohma H$aVmZm _hma 'Omohma _m`~mn' Ago H$YrM åhUV ZìhVm. Omohma H$aVmZm `m eãXm~amo~aM _hmam§Zr BVa JmdH$è`m§Zm '_m`~mn' Agohr åhUÊ`mMm [admO nmS>Ê`mMm S>md Hw$gdmÀ`m AmVë`m JmdH$è`m§Mm hmoVm, _hmam§Zr Vmo H$YrM Ow_mZbm Zmhr Ago S>m°. IamV `m§Zr nwT>o åhQ>bo Amho.1

Z§VaÀ`m H$mimV 'Omohma' hm eãX Añn¥í`VoMo à{VH$ ~Zë`mZo S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§nmgyZ gwê$ Pmboë`m MidirZo 'Omohma' åhUyZ A{^dmXZ H$aUo ~§X H$aUo Am{U ~m~mgmho~m§À`mM ZmdmZo åhUOo 'µO` ^r_' åhUV A{^dmXZ H$aÊ`mMr àWm gwê$ Ho$br

_amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmV O` {¼ñV hr A{^dmXZmMr àWm ê$T> H$aÊ`mMo lo` AmYw{ZH$ _amR>r n§MH$qd_Yrb EH$ Agboë`m aoìh. Zmam`U dm_Z {Q>iH$ `m§À`mH$S>o OmVo. {Q>iH$m§À`m _¥Ë`wZ§Va n§Mdrg dfm©§Z§Va H°$Wmo{bH$ g_mOmZo `m A{^dmXZnÜXVrMm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm, Vmon`ªV åhUOo gZ 1940À`m XeH$mn`ªV H°$Wmo{bH$ bmoH$ nmíMmË` diUmda '`oey {¼ñVmbm Jm¡ad Agmo' Ago b§ã`mMdS>rMo A{^dmXZ H$aV AgV.

' {Zamoß`m' _m{gH$mÀ`m 1940À`m Am°ŠQ>mo~a A§H$mV {¼ñVr A{^dmXZ nÜXVrda EH$ MmanmZr boI N>mnyZ Ambm hmoVm, Ë`mdê$Z {¼ñVr g_mOmV 'O` {¼ñV' åhUyZ A{^dmXZ H$aÊ`mMr àWm àW_ àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> n§{W`m§_Ü`o gwê$ Pmbr ho ñnï> hmoVo.' {Zamoß`m'À`m Ë`mdoiÀ`m àWoà_mUo `m boImÀ`m boIH$mMo Zmd XoÊ`mV Ambobo Zmhr. `m boImV åhQ>bo hmoVo {H$ '~«m÷U H$moUmg ^oQ>Vm§Zm hmV OmoSy>Z Z_ñH$ma H$aVmV. _amR>`mg dmQ>Vo {H$, _Zwî`mbm _mZ Úmdm nU Ë`m§VM XodmMm Ymdm H$amdm, åhUyZ Vo _mÏ`mg hmV bmdyZ am_am_ åhUVmV. _hma d Mm§^ma ho EH$m OwÝ`m Mmbrà_mUo Omohma, åhUOo `moÜXm, qH$dm ho dram, Ago åhUyZ A{^dmXZ H$aVmV. _wgb_mZ ho Xwgè`m _wgb_mZm§g gbm_ Ab`Hw$_ d BVa _mUgm§g gbm_ åhUVmV.''

''Ogo qhXy am_am_ åhUyZ am_mbm _mZ XoVmV, Vgo Amåhr `oeybm _mZ Úmdm, Ago qhXr {¼ñVr `m§Zm dmQ>Uo gmh{OH$ d `mo½` AgyZ Ë`m§Zr ZdrZ [aVr H$mT>ë`m AmhoV. H$moUr àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> {¼ñVr EH$_oH$m§g ^oQ>Vm§Zm 'O` {¼ñV' Ago åhUVmV, d Amnbo _hmamï´>r` H$mWmo{bH$ '`oey {¼ñVmbm Jm¡ad Agmo' Ago åhUVmV, d Ë`mMo CÎma 'gd©H$mi ! Am_oZ' Ago Amho . JwOamWr d qhXr ^mfm ~mobUmao H$mWmo{bH$ AgoM H$aVmV, _mÌ Jm¡adÀ`m EodOr ~T>mB©, d _{h_m, Ago åhUVmV'. Aem àH$maMo A{^dmXZ '\$maM OwZo AgyZ `wamonm§Vrb ~è`mM Xoem§V AmOnmdoVmo àMmam§V Amho' Agohr `m boImV åhQ>bo Amho.2 `mdê$Z Ë`mH$mimV _amR>r H°$Wmo{bH$ g_mOmVrb A{^dmXZmMo _yi B§J«OrVrb 'àoP {X bm°S>©', '\$m°a Eìha, Am_oZ' ho Agmdo Ago {XgVo.

Ë`mZ§Va {S>go§~a 1940À`m ' {Zamoß`m' `m H°$Wmo{bH$ n§{W`m§À`m _m{gH$mV EH$ nÌ {bhÿZ XodXÎm {Q>iH$m§Zr 'O` {¼ñV' `m A{^dmXZ nÜXVrMm OmoaXma nwañH$ma Ho$bm. bú_r~mB© Am{U aoìh {Q>iH$m§À`m `m {Ma§OrdmZo {b{hbobo ho nÌ _yimVyZ dmMÊ`mgmaI} AmhoV. ho nÌ nw{T>bà_mUo hmoVo:3

{¼ñVr bmoH$m§Mo A{^dmXZ

am. am. g§nmXH$ '{Zamoß`m' `m§g --

AmŠQ>mo~a _{hÝ`mÀ`m A§H$mV nmZ 92 da '`oey {¼ñVmbm Jm¡ad Agmo' hm boI dmMbm. Vmo dmMVm dmMVm Ama§^r AmnmoAmn Agm {dMma Ambm {H$ AmnU 'O` {¼ñV' H$m åhUy Z`o? A{^dmXZmMm àH$ma Oa Vw_À`m Am_À`mV (H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àmoQ>oñQ>§Q>) gmaIm Agbm Va H$moR>o {~KS>bo? CbQ> XmoÝhr g_mOm§V gbmo»`mbm EH$ bhmZgoM H$m hmoB©Zm ZdrZ H$maU àmá hmoB©b.

nwT>o dmMVm dmMVm AmnU 'O` {¼ñV' hm A{^dmXZmMm C„oI Ho$bobm Amho d Ë`m{déÜX H$mhr _V àX{e©V Ho$bo Zmhr ho nmhÿZ AmZ§X dmQ>bm d ho nÌ Amnë`mH$S>o à{gÜXrgmR>r nmR>{dÊ`mg Yra Ambm.

O` {¼ñV Ago åhUÊ`mMr XmoZ à_wI H$maUo AmhoV. EH$ Ago {H$ A{^dmXZmg bhmZ d gwQ>gwQ>rV eãX qH$dm eãXg_wM` bmJVmo. gbm_, am_am_, Omohma ho gd© EH$EH$Q>o eãX AmhoV. d Ë`m_wio XmoZ _mUgo ^oQ>VmM `m eãXm§Mm C?ma WmoS>Š`mV d MQ>H$Z Vr H$ê$Z Amnë`m _ZmVrb ^md àH$Q> H$aVmV. O` {¼ñV `m EodOr Ë`mM AWm©Mm EH$Q>m eãX AgVm qH$dm AW©^[aV Agm ~Z{dVm Ambm AgVm Va A{YH$ ~ao Pmbo AgVo. na§Vw øm Ñï>rZo EH$ eãX {_iUo AeŠ`M Agë`mZo Ë`m EodOr XmoZ eãX dmnamdo ho ~ao.

Xwgao Ago {H$ Amnbm à^y `oey hm em§VrMm amOm Agë`mZo Ë`mMm O`O`H$ma Ho$ë`mZo AmnU Ë`mÀ`m VÎdmMm A§{JH$ma Ho$ë`mgmaIo hmoVo. `mV AmUIr Ago hmoVo {H$ Ë`mMm O`O`H$ma Ho$ë`mZo AmnU ñdV:H$S>o {bZVm KoVmo (åhUOo Z_ñH$mamMr ^mdZm `oD$Z AmnU EH$_oH$m§nwT>o _mZ dmH${dÊ`mEodOr Ë`mÀ`m nwT>o _mZ dmH${dVmo). AmnU Amnë`m à^yMr AmR>dU H$aVmo (`mV am_am_ åhUVmZm Ho$di am_mMo Zmd Vm|S>mVyZ `mdo BVH$m dadaMm hoVy ZgyZ Ë`mnojm WmoS>m A{YH$ Imob AW© A{^àoV hmoVmo. åhUOo Amnë`mbm Ë`mMr AmR>dU hmoVo.) Am{U Omohmahr Oer `wÜXmMr Amamoir Amho VerM O` O` {hhr `wÜXmMr Amamoir Amho. _mÌ hr `wÜX {O§H$ë`mMr Amamoir Amho. Agm `m O` eãXmV {Vhoar qH$dm Mma àH$maMo AW© A{^àoV AgyZ Vo A{^dmXZ gwQ>gwQ>rV Amho.

àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> {¼ñVr bmoH$m§V O` {¼ñV åhUVmV Ago Oo AmnU åhUVm Vo AJXrM ~amo~a Amho Ago Zmhr. eoH$S>m 5 Q>¸o$ _mUgo gwÜXm O` {¼ñV åhUV ZmhrV ho _mÂ`m gmè`m _hmamï´>mVrb àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> {¼ñVr bmoH$m§À`m àË`j _m{hVrdê$Z _r åhUVmo. O` {¼ñV åhUmdo Aem àH$maMm R>amd EImÚm à_wI O~m~Xma ì`º$s d A{YH$ma Agboë`m {~engma»`m ì`º$sZo qH$dm {gZoS>Zo qH$dm H$m±{J«JoeZZo Ho$bobm Zmhr. hm àMma nmS>Ê`mMm à`ËZ _mÂ`m d{S>bm§Zr d Z§Va _r Ho$bm. na§Vw Ë`m§V Amåhmbm `e Ambo Zmhr EdT>oM `oWo Z_yX H$amdogo dmQ>Vo.

amo_Z H°$Wmo{bH$ d àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> {¼ñVr bmoH$m§Mr gaH$maZo amOH$s` ~m~Vr§V gm§JS> KmVbobrM Amho. BVahr H$mhr ~m~Vr§V Ë`m§À`mV gmaIonUm `m`bm nm{hOo d nmoemI, ^mfm Ë`mMà_mUo A{^dmXZmMm àH$ma `m§V Oa gmå` Pmbo Va Vr \$ma AmZ§XmMr Jmoï> hmoB©b.

AmnU Oa Amnë`m dmMH$m§Zm O` {¼ñV ho CMbÊ`mg gwMdmb Va _r _mÂ`m {¼ñVr ZmJarH$ nÌm§VyZ Ë`mMm àMma àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> bmoH$m§V H$arZ. hm àH$ma àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> bmoH$m§Mm Amho hm g_O MwH$sMm Amho ho _r da XmI{dboM Amho. à^w {¼ñVmda ^md R>odUmè`m gdm©§Mm hm àH$ma Amho.

hm ng§V Zgob Va AmnU Xwgam EH$ qH$dm XmoZ eãXm§Mm àH$ma gwMdm d Ë`mMm àMma _r H$arZ. _mÌ Ë`m àMmamZo _amR>r ^mfoMm IyZ nS>ob Ago hmoD$ Z XoÊ`mMr I~aXmar ¿`m`bm nm{hOo, åhUOo Vo Á`mbm {_eZar _amR>r åhUVmV Agbo Agy XoVm Cn`moJr Zmhr.

XodXÎm Zmam`U {Q>iH$

ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimV _mÌ H°$Wmo{bH$ \$mXam§Zr Am{U g_mOmZo aoìh {Q>iH$m§Zr gwê$ Ho$boë`m 'O` {¼ñV' `m A{^dmXZmMmM ñdrH$ma Ho$bm. AJXr A{bH$S>À`m H$mimn`ªV nmoñQ>H$mS>m©Zo dm Am§VaXoer` H$mS>m©Zo Iwembr H$i{dÊ`mMr dm g§nH©$ R>odÊ`mMr arV hmoVr Voìhm _amR>r {¼ñVr bmoH$ Amnë`m nÌmMr gwê$dmV 'O` {IñV' Zo H$aV AgV. emim-H$m°boOmV AgVmZm Kar {b{hboë`m _mÂ`m nÌm§Mr gwê$dmVhr `m A{^dmXZmZoM hmoV Ago. {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~mÀ`m

b¾n{ÌH$m N>mnm`bm Amë`m {H$ Ah_XZJa, Am¡a§Jm~mX Am{U Zm{eH$ n[agamVrb Hw$R>bmhr A{¼ñVr _wÐH$ AJXr Z {dMmaVm 'lr JUoe àgÞ' À`m OmJr 'lr {¼ñV àgÞ' Ago Q>mHy$Z _m`Ý`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr 'O` {¼ñV' {b{hVmo, BVH$s hr na§nam `oWrb g_mOmV ê$ibr Amho.

AmYw{ZH$ H$mimV _mÌ `m doJù`m A{^dmXZnÜXVrMr JaO Z ^mgë`mZo ~hþg§»` g_mOmà_mUo 'Z_ñH$ma' Am{U nmíMmË` nÜXVrZo B§J«OrV A{^dmXZ H$aUo Zì`m {nT>rZo gwê$ Ho$bo Amho.

g§X^©:

1) S>m°. e§H$aamd IamV, '_hmamï´>mVrb _hmam§Mm B{Vhmg - OmVrMr CËnÎmr d {dH$mgmMm B{Vhmg' (nmZo 64 Am{U 65)

2) '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1940 (nmZ 92)

3) XodXÎm Zmam`U {Q>iH$ `m§Mo nÌ, '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, {S>g|~a 1940 (nmZ 132 Am{U 133)

Christians in Mughalai (Marathwada) region

JmdHw$gm~mhoaMm {¼ñVr g_mO

H$m{_b nmaIo

àH$meH$: gwJmdm àH$meZ

1) _moJbmB©Vrb {¼ñVr ' amOdmS>m '

KmoJaJmdbm Amåhmbm Om`Mo Agbo {H$ AmXë`m {Xder Am_Mo _m_m ~¡bJmS>r KoD$Z lram_nyabm `oV AgV. KamVrb Amåhm H$mhr _wbm§Zm _J ~¡bJmS>rMr g¡a KS>V Ago. nhmQ>oM ñd`§nmH$ H$ê$Z ~mB© EH$m H$mnS>çmV ^mH$ar Am{U ~Q>mQ>çmMr ^mOr ~m§YyZ KoB©. ~amo~aÀ`m {nVirÀ`m H$S>rÀ`m Vm§ã`mV nmUr Ago. Xwnmar ~mamÀ`m gw_mamg WmoS>o\$ma nmUr Agboë`m JmoXmdarÀ`m nmÌmV Am_Mr ~¡bJmS>r CVabr {H$ Am_Mm àdmg H$mhr H$mi Wm§~o.

{edam__m_m JmS>rMo ~¡b gmoSy>Z Ë`m§Zm ZXrMo nmUr XmIdyZ AmUë`mZ§Va Ë`m§À`mg_moa H$S>~m Q>mH$s. 'J§Jm Amobm§S>br åhÝOo Ambmo AmnwZ AmVm _moJbmB©V, AmËVm H$m` {Zå_mM nadmg !' Ago åhUV ~mB© Amnë`m _mhoaÀ`m {XeoZo ZOa Q>mH$s. J§JoÀ`m C§M Vramda C^o am{hbo {H$ KmoJaJmdÀ`m {¼ñVamOm _§{XamMo C§M {eIa R>iH$nUo {XgVo Ago Vr Amåhmbm Zoho_r gm§JVo. gH$mi, Xwnmar Am{U g§Ü`mµH$mir àmW©ZogmR>r `m XodimMr K§Q>m dmOVo Voìhm Vmo AmdmO `oWn`ªV EoHy$ `oVmo hohr AZoH$Xm _r {VÀ`m Vm|Sy>Z EoH$V Ambmo Amho. _mÌ Z{XÀ`m H$mR>mda C§Mmda C^m amhÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$ê$Zhr _bm H$Yr Ë`m XodimMo Zm {eIa {Xgbo Zm Xwnmar ~mambm Ë`m K§Q>oMm AmdmO EoHy$ Ambm.

OodU Pmbo {H$ _J _m_m ZXrÀ`m dmhË`m àdmhmOdiÀ`m dmiyV ~marH$ IÈ>m V`ma H$ar. H$mhr jUmVM Ë`m IS>S>çmV nmUr da `oD$ bmJo. Vo nmUr EH$Xm {ZVi Pmbo {H$ _J AmoOirZo Amåhr Vo nmUr {nV Agy. _J nwÝhm Am_Mm ~¡bJmS>rZo àdmg gwê$ hmoB©. naVrMm doY bmJë`mZo ~¡b AmnUhÿZ H$go Xm¡S>V OmVmV, `mMm Ë`mdoir AZw^d `oB©.

JmoXmdarÀ`m EH$m {Vamda npíM_ _hmamï´>mVrb Ah_XZJa {OëømMr gr_maofm Va Xwgè`m {Vamda _amR>dmS>çmVrb Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømMr gr_maofm Amho. Ah_XZJa {OëømÀ`m _wR>odmS>Jmd `oWyZ JmoXmdar Amobm§Sy>Z ^m_mQ>mU JmdmV àdoe Ho$bm {H$ _moJbmB© gwê$ hmoVo. ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimV _amR>dmS>m àXoe h¡Xam~mXÀ`m {ZOm_mÀ`m Vmã`mV hmoVm. hm àXoe _moJbmB©Mm n[aga åhUyZ AmoiIbm OmB©.

JmoXmdarÀ`m àdmhmZo `m XmoZ n[agam§Mr {d^mJUr Ho$br Amho. {ZgJm©À`m `m {d^mJUrZo EH$_oH$m§g AJXr IoQy>Z Agboë`m `m VmbwŠ`m§Mm gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$, amOH$s`, Eo{Vhm{gH$ Am{U e¡j{UH$ dmagmhr nyU©V: {^Þ am{hbm Amho. {ZOm_emhrV d¡Omnya, J§Jmnya VmbwHo$ _amR>dmS>çmÀ`m BVa ^mJm§à_mUo Xwb©{jV am{hbo Am{U Ë`m§Mr hr nadS> _hmamï´>mÀ`m ñWmnZoZ§Vahr MmbyM am{hbr Amho. `mCbQ> npíM_ _hmamï´>mVrb lram_nya, H$monaJmd VmbwŠ`mbm ghH$mar MidirMo, ObqgMZmÀ`m Omù`mMo Am{U VmH$XdmZ amO{H$` MidirMo Am{U ZoV¥ËdmMo daXmZ bm^bo. JmoXmdarÀ`m {Vam§da C^o am{hbo åhUOo àJV npíM_ _hmamï´>mMo Am{U AmOhr _mJmg am{hboë`m _amR>dmS>çmMo `m gd©M joÌm§Vrb doJionU àH$fm©Zo OmUdVo.

JmoXmdarÀ`m àdmhmZo EH$_oH$m§nmgyZ {d^mJboë`m Ah_XZJa {OëømÀ`m lram_nya, amhþar, g§J_Zoa Am{U amhmVm `m VmbwŠ`m§V Am{U Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømÀ`m d¡Omnya Am{U J§Jmnya VmbwŠ`m§V gìdmeo dfmªnydu åhUOo {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m AIoarg g_m§Va[aË`m {¼ñVr Y_m©§VamMr à{H$`m gwê$ Pmbr hmoVr. Ah_XZJa {OëømV O_©Z, Am°pñQ´>`Z Am{U ñdrg `oeyg§Kr` (OogwB©Q>) `m H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©Jwê$§À`m g§ñWoMo gXñ` H$m_ H$aV hmoVo Va åhUOo _moJbmB© n[agamV {_eZarO Am°\$ g|Q> \«$mpÝgg S>r goëg (E_EgE\$Eg) `m Xwgè`m H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©Jwê$§À`m g§ñWoMo \$mXabmoH$ H$m_ H$aV hmoVo.

n{hë`m _hm`wÜXmV 1915 gmbr {~«{Q>em§Zr Ah_XZJa {OëømV H$m_ H$aUmè`m O_©Z ZmJ[aH$ Agboë`m `oeyg§Kr` \$mXam§Mr qhXwñWmZmVyZ hH$mbnÅ>r Ho$br Voìhm _moJbmB©Vrb \«|$M ZmJarH$ Agbobo E_EgE\$Eg Y_©Jwê$ `oeyg§{K`m§À`m _XVrg YmdyZ Ambo. `m {OëømVrb amhmVm Am{U gmoZJmd Y_©J«m_m§V `oeyg§Kr` Y_©Jwê$§À`m AZwnpñWVrV 1921 n`ªV KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Jw[a`Z Om{H$`a `m§Zr {eS>uOdirb amhmVm `oWo Am{U _amR>dmS>çmVrb Ë`m§Mo EH$ ghH$mar \$mXa Om°Z _oar ~oO} `m§Zr amhþarOdirb H|$Xi `oWo Y_©àgmamMo H$m`© Mmby R>odbo.1 `m _hm`wÜXmV \«$mÝg ho B§½b§S>Mo {_Ìamï´> Agë`mZo OÝ_mZo µ\«o$§M Agboë`m Y_©Jwê$§da {~«{Q>em§Zr Hw$R>bohr {Z~ªY bmXbo ZìhVo..

gZ 1973À`m gw_mamg _m_o~{hUrÀ`m b¾m{Z{_Îm gmVdrbm {eH$V AgVmZm _r KmoJaJmdbm Jobmo Voìhm _bm 'amOdmS>m', 'dog' 'MmdS>r' Am{U '_hma' `m eãXm§Mr n{hë`m§Xm AmoiI Pmbr. dog Zgboë`m Am{U AR>amnJS> OmVrY_m©Mo bmoH$ Zì`mZoM CX`mg Amboë`m Am_ì`m lram_nwa ehamV amhV Agë`mZo VoWo _bm `m eãXm§Mr AmoiI AgUo eŠ`M ZìhVo. KmoJaJmdmV {¼ñVamOmÀ`m XodimnmgyZ H$mhr A§Vamda Agboë`m OmJoV _mÂ`m AmOmo~m§Zr, JmoqdXamd {eZJa|Zr, ^|S>çm§Mo nm§T>è`m _mVrV ~m§Ybobo MmanmM Imoë`m§Mo Ka hmoVo. VoWoM Ë`mdoir em§ËdZ_m_m, {edam__m_m amhV hmoVo. Amgnmg AerM nm§T>è`m _mVrZo ~m§Ybobr AZoH$ Kao hmoVr. hr gd© Kao Agboë`m n[agambm 'amOdmS>m' Ago åhUV AgV. _mPo MwbV_m_m AmoT>çmÀ`m n{bH$S>o Agboë`m eoVmVrb PmonS>r§V amhV AgV. eoVmda Joë`mda A_wH$ OU Hw$R>o Jobm Aer {dMmaUm Pmbr {H$ Vmo 'amOdmS>çmda Agob' Ago CÎma H$mZmda Ambo {H$ _r ~wMH$i`mV nS>V Ago. 'Mm§Xmo~m' _m{gH$mV Am{U BVa Jmoï>r§À`m nwñVH$m§V amOoamOdmS>çm§À`m H$Wm dmMë`m_wio BWo 'amOdmS>m' hm H$m` àH$ma Amho ho H$iV Zgo. `m{df`r _r ~mB©bm {dMmabo Voìhm {VZo {Xboë`m CÎmam_wio Iwbmgm hmoÊ`mEodOr _mÂ`m _ZmVrb Jm|YimV A{YH$M ^a nS>br.

''Ama§ amOdmS>m åhÝOr åhmam§Mr dñVr, åhmadmS>m eãX ~am {XgV Zmhr åhZyZ amOdmS>m Ag§M åhÝË`mV,'' Ago {VMo CÎma hmoVo.

''AJ§ nZ ~mB©, AmnwZ åhma H$eo? AmnwZ Va {I[añVr Zm?'' _mÂ`m `m àíZmbm _mÂ`m {Zaja AmB©H$S>o CÎma ZìhVo. "AmËVm ~mB©, H$m` gm§Jmdm `m ßdmambm?'' Ago AM§ã`mZo Vm|S>mbm nXa bmdV åhUV Vr {~Mmar Jßn ~gbr hmoVr.

`m 'amOdmS>çmÀ`m' bmJyZM AJXr nS>PS>rbm Ambobr EH$ dog hmoVr. ~hþYm `m doern{bH$S>oM OwÝ`m H$mimV Jmd Am{U VoWo C?d{U©`m§Mr dñVr Agmdr. `m JmdmV Vã~b Mmirg df} am{hbobo Am{U `oWoM Xoh R>odbobo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m Amnë`m KmoS>mJmS>rV ~gyZ dm KmoS>çmda ñdma hmoD$Z Zoho_rMr `o-Om H$aV AgUma. `wamo{n`Z Agë`mZo qhXw g_mOmVrb Ccca?d{U©`m§à_mUoM Ë`m§Zmhr doerImbyZ KmoS>çmda ~gyZ `oÊ`mOmÊ`mMm _mZ Ë`m§Zm hmoVm. doerÀ`m AmVë`m ~mOybm amOdmS>çmbmbmJyZM Voìhmhr _O~yV pñWVrV Agbobr EH$ MmdS>r hmoVr. amOdmS>çmVM hr MmdS>r Agë`mZo amOdmS>çmV amhUmè`m bmoH$m§MrM Vr hmoVr. amOdmS>çmVrb AZoH$ nwê$f_§S>ir VoWo ~gV Agë`mMo Am{U _rhr VoWo Joë`mMo _bm ñnï> AmR>dVo.

_hmamï´>mV OwÝ`m H$mimV àË`oH$ JmdmV ñn¥í`m§gmR>r Am{U Añn¥í`m§gmR>r Aem XmoZ ñdV§Ì MmdS>çm AgV. gdUm©À`m MmdS>rbm JmdMmdS>r Am{U Añn¥í`m§À`m MmdS>rbm _hma MmdS>r åhUV AgV. Jmd MmdS>rV ~gyZ ñn¥í` _§S>ir, nmQ>rb, VbmR>r Am{U JmdH$sMo H$m_ H$aUmao _hma am_moer ~gyZ JmdMm gm_m{OH$ Am{U emgH$s` H$ma^ma nmhV AgV Va _hma MmdS>rV ~gyZ _hma _§S>ir Amnë`m OmVrMm H$ma^ma nmhV AgV. Aem `m XmoZ MmdS>çm§{edm` Jmdm§V BVa g_mOmÀ`m, OmVrÀ`m ñdV§Ì MmdS>çm ZgV Ago S>m°. e§H$aamd IamVm§Zr {b{hbo Amho.2 A{bµH$S>À`m H$mimV Jmd MmdS>rMo ê$nm§Va g_mO_§{XamV Pmbo Am{U H$mhr {R>H$mUr ~m¡ÜX Y_© ñdrH$maboë`m bmoH$m§Zr _hma MmdS>rMo ~wÜX_§Xra qH$dm ~wÜX{dhma Ago Zm_H$aU Ho$ë`mMo {XgVo. _hma g_mO ~hþg§»`oZo {¼ñVr Y_m©V Joboë`m Jmdm§V AWm©VM `m _hma MmdS>çm§Mr H$mimÀ`m AmoKmV Añn¥í`VoÀ`m Mmbr[aVrà_mUoM nS>PS> Pmbr.

lram_nwa ehamV {edm{edrMm àË`j AZw^d KoVë`mMo _bm AmR>dV Zmhr. Á`m Kam§V gmodù`mAmodù`mMr àWm Ago Ë`mVyZ Ë`m KamVrb BVa ì`º$s¨Mrhr gwQ>H$m Zgm`Mr, Ë`m_wio `m àH$mam~m~V Hw$Ur \$mago _Zmbm bmdyZ KoV ZgV. Xa {Xdmirbm Am_À`m Kar eoOmaÀ`m _mir_amR>m Hw$Qw>§~m§Mr \$amimMr VmQ>o `oV, B©Xbm _wgb_mZ eoOmè`m§Mm era-Hw$a_m `oB© Am{U ZmVmimbm Am_À`mH$Sy>Z \$amimMr VmQ>o Ë`m gJù`m§H$S>o OmV. Am_À`m KamVyZ AmirVrb BVa H$mhr Kam§V AmR>dS>çmVyZ XmoZ-{VZXmVar H$mbdUm§Mr, ^mOr§Mr XodmUKodmU hmoV Ago. a{ddmar Am_À`mH$S>o h_Img demQ>mMo OodU Agë`mZo Ë`m{Xder `m XodmUKodmUrda ñW{JVr Agm`Mr. Ë`m_wio Amnë`m hmVM§ H$mhr bmoH$m§Zm MmbV Zmhr Am{U Vo H$m MmbV Zmhr ho _bm Iyn H$mi H$imboM Zmhr. `m àíZm§Mr CÎmao emoYÊ`mMr {ZH$S>hr Ë`mdoir ^mgbr Zmhr.

_mÂ`m _m_m§~amo~a KmoJaJmdmVrb dm Z{OH$À`m IoS>çm§Vrb H$mhr _mUgo lram_nwamV H$m_m{Z{_Îm Amë`mg Am_À`mhr Kar `oV AgV. Ë`m§À`mgmR>r nmÊ`mMm Vm§ã`m AmUbm {H$ Ë`m§À`mVrb H$mhr OU nmUr {nV ZgV. Ë`mZ§Va Ambobm Mhm KoÊ`mMohr Q>miV AgV. _mPo dS>rbnU bJoM Ë`m§Zm 'g_OyZ' KoD$Z MhmnmÊ`mMm AmJ«h H$aV ZgV. ''~mhoê$Z nadmg H$ê$Z Amboë`m nmìhÝ`mZo nmÝ`mbm, Àhmbm Zmhr åhÝb§ Va CJmM AmJah H$am`Mm ZñVmo. AmnwZ C_OyZ ¿`md§ {H$ hr _mÝg§ _amR>§ AgVrb. Ë`mÝZm Amßë`m hmVM§ MmbV ZñV§,"" Aer ~mB©Mr _J AmVë`m ImobrVbr EH$ g„mdOm {Q>nÊUr Agm`Mr.

AmOmoiÀ`m Ë`m dmñVì`mV _bm n{hë`m§XmM X{bV g_mOmVyZ {¼ñVr Pmboë`m g_mOmÀ`m A§Va§JmMr Am{U gm_m{OH$ nmíd©^y_rMr nwgQ>er OmUrd Pmbr. AmOmoiMr Vr daÀ`m OmVtVrb _mUgo KamV Ambr {H$ Ë`m§Mr dmJUyH$ Amåhm Y_m©§V[aV {¼ñVr g_mOmbm Am_Mr Iar AmoiI Am{U g_mOmVrb Am_Mr OmJm XmIdyZ XoV Ago. Xa a{ddmar XodimV AmnU b°Q>rZ ^mfoV {_ñgm Am{U àmW©Zm H$aV Agbmo Var AmnU H$mhr `wamo{n`Z Zmhr Am{U AmnU g_OVmo {VVH$m Amnbm {¼ñVr g_mO 'nwT>o Jobobm' Zmhr `mMr OmUrdhr Voìhm _bm n{hë`m§Xm Pmbr.

g§X^©:

1) \$mXa \«$mpÝgg _m°Oo (E_EgE\$Eg), eo\$S>©g \$m°a ¼mB©ñQ>- A ñQ>moar Am°\$ X H°$Wmo{bH$ MM© BZ g|Q´>b B§{S>`m- (1907-1960); Am`Am`Eg npãbHo$eÝg, B§{S>`Z BpñQ>Q>çwQ> Am°\$ pñn[aÀ`wA[a{bQ>r, 80, âbrQ> ñQ´>rQ>, amOmOrZJa, ~|Jbmoa, 560 010 (1990) (nmZ 75); Am{U ^m. A. nbKS>_b, 'g§J_Zoa Y_©J«m_mbm 75 df} nyU© hmoVmV', ' {Zamoß`m' _m{gH$ , Am°JñQ> 1967, (nmZ 114)

2) S>m°. e§H$aamd IamV, '_hmamï´>mVrb _hmam§Mm B{Vhmg - OmVrMr CËnÎmr d {dH$mgmMm B{Vhmg,' `ed§Vamd MìhmU g_mOemó g§emoYZ H|$Ð Am{U ^maVr {dÚmnrR> nwUo, B§Ðm`Ur gm{hË`, 273, e{Zdma noR>, nwUo 411 030 (2003); (nmZ 57 Am{U 58)

(nyd©à{gÜXr-'gwJmdm' _m{gH$, OyZ 2007) 

Dalit status did not end with conversion to Christianity

Dalit Christians: Right to reservations
Camil Parkhe

Published by:
Indian Society for Promotion of Christian Knowledge
New Delhi


Dalit status did not end with conversion to Christianity
Casteism is unique to Indian culture. Even if a person does not believe in caste, there is no escaping it. An Indian is known by his/her caste and sub-caste. Marriages and other social interactions are based upon caste considerations.
Even the communists who proclaim themselves as atheists or agnostics could not shed caste, much to their own discomfort. Late socialist leader and former High Commissioner to the United Kingdom Nanasaheb (N G) Gorey often said that he was a Brahmin by ‘accident’. But society refused to accept his plea and the caste identity prevailed.
Veteran Marathi poet Rev Narayan Waman Tilak, social reformer and nationalist Pandita Ramabai and Rev Nilkanthshastri ‘Nehemiah’ Gore were all prominent Marathi Christians who made valuable contributions in their chosen fields. Ironically, the society in Maharashtra remembers them as Chitpawans, a sub caste of Brahmins, who converted to Christianity.
Thus in the eyes of the society, caste and sub caste of an individual cannot be erased even after giving up Hinduism and embracing Christianity. The stranglehold of caste on the Indian mind is best captured in the Marathi proverb Jaat Naahi Ti Jaat (What cannot be cast off is caste).
One’s parents and place of birth cannot be changed. The same applies to one’s caste too. One cannot help it. Christians who belong to the erstwhile untouchable castes in the Hindu social structure experience this everyday.
Who are the dalits ?
There are many definitions of the term ‘dalit’, all of which apply to the dalit Christians who formerly belonged to the Hindu untouchable castes in Maharashtra. Therefore, these dalit Christians can stake their claim to reservations and other concessions granted under the Indian Constitution to all members of the erstwhile untouchable communities in the country. .
Dr. Shankarrao Kharat, former Vice Chancellor of Marathwada University, while discussing the concept of dalits had said: “The term dalit includes castes which as per the Hindu religion and culture were considered as ‘untouchables’. The term also includes erstwhile ex-criminal tribes and the tribals (adivasis) who live in jungles and ravines like wild animals, away from human civilsation.1
“Since these people were kept far away from the Hindu culture permanently, they remained culturally backward. From the Hindu cultural point of view, the social and economic levels of all these castes and tribes are almost similar. Their woes more or less are the same. High caste culture has intertwined them in a single entity. All of them share a similar predicament. They have been kept away from villages and communities for generations. The slavery of these castes and tribes is social, economic and also cultural, therefore the term dalit includes all these neglected classes of castes and tribes.2
Pragat Padavidhar Sanghatana (Progressive Graduates Association), a Pune-based organisation, had launched an intensive movement in the 1970s to demand reservations and other facilities for dalit Christians in Maharashtra. The Government of Maharashtra included the dalit Christians in the State in Other Backward Caste (OBC) category in 1978. The entire credit of this goes to the movement launched by the young dalit Christians inspired by Fr Matthew Lederle, Fr Leo Desai and Fr Christopher Shelke.
The Progressive Graduates Association had published a book ‘Upekshit Khristi Samaj’ (Neglected Christian Community) to press the demand for reservations to dalit Christians. Even after embracing Christianity, these members of former Hindu untouchable communities could not get rid of the stigma attached to their existence, described in the book as follows:3
‘’There is a proverb in Marathi ‘ Gao tethe Maharwada’ (meaning ‘wherever there is a village, there is a colony of Mahars’). The colonies of the Mahars and Mangs (two predominant castes of untouchables) continue to be referred to as Maharwada and Mangwada even after these persons have become Christians. Conversion to Christianity has not changed the way their colonies are referred to, just as mere conversion has not brought any changes in their social or financial status. Their standard of living, language, foot habits and culture remain the same as other family members and relatives who have either continued to be Hindu Mahars or Mangs or have embraced Buddhism. All of them are erstwhile untouchables. Notwithstanding the conversions, in rural areas the upper caste people even today refer to the dalit Christians by their erstwhile caste names and call them as Mahars or Mangs.
Many Christian Mahars and Mangs were and still are dependent on uppercaste families of their villages. They are compelled to perform low-level tasks in their villages. Till the last decade, the dalit Christians would carry out degrading tasks like disposing off dead cattle. The untouchables, who also included Christians, went door to door and ate whatever food was thrown at them. While walking on village roads, they had to carry their footwear in hands, which had to be locked behind their backs, while the mandatory earthen pots hung around their necks to serve as spittoons. Their touch and shadow was considered inauspicious and they were prohibited from drawing water from public wells. They had to walk all the way to the lower end of the river to fill water. The dalit Christians’ dwelt with other untouchables, and took isolated roads, away from the main approaches used by upper castes, for moving around the village. Due to their very low social status, all the avenues of economic progress and prosperity remain closed to the dalit Christians. There is absolutely no distinction at all between other erstwhile untouchables and dalit Christians. The only difference is while the other dalits like dalit Hindus, neo-Buddhists and dalit Sikhs have been granted reservations and various other concessions by the Government of India, the dalit Christians have been denied the same till date. The government and the society have many misconceptions about the dalit Christian community, which is the primary reason for this community having remained neglected for several years. ‘’
‘‘Conversion has not changed the conditions of the dalits’’
Dr. Kharat
Dr. Shankarrao Kharat has discussed in his Marathi book ‘ Dalit Wangmay Prerana wa Pravrutti’ that there is no change in the conditions of the dalits even after their conversion to Buddhism. Dr. Kharat says, “During Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar’s movement of conversion, millions of untouchables gave up Hinduism and embraced Buddhism. These Buddhists are not Hindus by religion anymore. They are neo-Buddhists. Although they are now neo-Buddhists, they have been exploited for centuries by rich classes and high caste people. Therefore they have remained economically backward. They live in poor conditions. Secondly, the high caste people continue to look down upon them socially. Therefore, the neo-Buddhists are compelled to continue their fight for freedom from high caste attitudes. 4
The state of people converted into Buddhism, as described by Dr. Kharat, holds true for all those who have been converted from untouchable communities into Christianity or Sikhism. Similarly, if the untouchables embrace Islam or any other religion, the argument will still be applicable to them. Conversion to Buddhism, Sikhism or Christianity has not brought any changes in the conditions of the untouchables except the change in their religion. Hence, all these erstwhile untouchables, irrespective of their present religion, have natural right to reservations and other concessions. No logic or principle of natural justice can deny dalit Christians the right to reservations.
The condition of the erstwhile untouchables who got converted to Buddhism, along with Dr Ambedkar, did not change after conversion. Therefore in 1960, the government of Maharashtra decided to extend reservations and other concessions to the neo-Buddhists. In 1990, the V. P. Singh government took a decision to extend reservations and other concessions to neo-Buddhists across the country. Dalit Sikhs were granted reservations and other concessions at the national level as early as 1956. The decisions of the Government of Maharashtra and the Government of India to extend reservations to these non-Hindu dalits were in conformity with the principle of natural justice. However, this principle of natural justice has not been applied to the dalit Christians in Maharashtra, or at the national level.
In some southern and northern Indian States, however, various concessions have been extended to dalit and tribal Christians on par with dalits belonging to other religions.
One of the reasons for not extending the reservations and other concessions to dalit Christians is that the very concept of ‘dalit Christians’ was not acceptable to governments. Fortunately, a gradual change in the attitude of the governments is being observed during the past few years. Due to the intensive struggle by dalit Christian groups, some south Indian States have recognised the dalit Christians and extended various concessions to them. In north India, the tribal Christians do get benefits of reservations and other concessions even after their conversion to Christianity. The former Speaker of Lok Sabha P. A. Sangma and former Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh Ajit Jogi are tribal Christians. Unlike the dalit Christians in Maharashtra, the tribal Christians in north India and the northeastern States, are well organised, united and well aware of their rights. These tribal Christians of northeast do not tolerate any kind of injustice meted out to them in the name of their religion.
Even the Maharashtra government has acknowledged the social and economic backwardness of the dalit Christians. The people from the erstwhile untouchable Hindu communities who embraced Christianity are now included in the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) category. The government has thus accepted that the dalit Christians are erstwhile untouchables. But why have they been included in the OBC category and not the Scheduled Castes (SCs) category like the untouchable communities, which converted to either Buddhism or Sikhism?
The denial of reservations and concessions to the dalit Christians in the country is a grave injustice to this community. The issue raised by the dalit Christians is: “If erstwhile untouchables get converted to Buddhism or Sikhism, their right to reservation and other concessions remains intact. Then, why the same logic or principle is not extended to the dalit Christians”.
The Supreme Court of India posed the same question to the Central government during the hearing of a public interest litigation seeking inclusion of the dalit Christians among the Scheduled Castes to secure reservations for this community. The Central government has not responded so far and the case is pending. However, the movement for reservations and other concessions for dalit Christians, which has been going on for the last four decades, is gaining momentum.
References:
Dr. Shankarrao Kharat. ‘Dalit Wangmay: Prerana Ani Pravrutti’ Publisher- Inamdar Bandhu Prakashan, 637, Sadashiv Peth, Pune- 411 030, First edition 1978, (Page 16).
As above (Page 17,18).
‘Upekshit Khristi Samaj’ Samajhit Mala 1, Authors- On behalf of ‘Pragat Padvidhar Sanghatana’ – Antony Salve, Pratap Pandit, Sonyabapu Waghmare, and Joseph D. Adhav. Publisher – Fr Julius D’Souza (S J), Marg Prakashan, Thomas Stevens Nivas, 2008, St Vincent Marg, Pune –411 001, First edition 1979. (Pages 15,16).
Dr. Shankarrao Kharat, ‘Dalit Wangmay: Prerana Ani Pravrutti’ (Page 18).