Christians and politics (Marathi)

'JmdHw$gm~mhoaMm {¼ñVr g_mO' ,  H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo

12) amOH$maUmV 'Zm KaH$m Zm KmQ>H$m' pñWVr

{IñVu bmoH$g§»`oÀ`m ~m~VrV _hmamï´>mV _w§~B© Am{U R>mUo {OëømVrb dgB© VmbwŠ`mnmR>monmR> nwUo {OëømMm H«$_m§H$ bmJVmo. _mÌ ñdV:À`m ~imda nwUo qH$dm {n§nar-qMMdS> `oWrb _hmnm{bH$m§À`m EImÚm dmS>m©V ZJagodH$ {ZdSy>Z AmUÊ`mBVH$s Ë`m§Mr g§»`m Zmhr. _mÌ nwÊ`mVrb am_dmS>r, `oadS>m, dS>Jmdeoar, hS>nga `oWrb n[agam§V Am{U qnnar qMMdS> `oWrb H$miodmS>r, {n§nar Am{U H$mgmadmS>r n[agam§V _amR>r^m{fH$ àmoQ>oñQ²>§Q> Am{U H°$Wmo{bH$ {¼ñVr _VXmam§Mrg§»`m ~è`mn¡H$s Amho Am{U Amnë`m àíZm§Mr XIb KoÊ`m~m~V Vo amO{H$` njm§da Am{U `m njm§À`m ZoË`m§da {ZpíVVM X~m~ AmUy eH$VmV. g§K{Q>V[aË`m Aem àH$maMo à`ËZ _mÌ AmVmn`©§V Pmbobo {XgV Zmhr.

nwÊ`mVrb {¼ñVr g_mO hm _amR>r^m{fH$ {¼ñVr g_mO Am{U _wiMo Jmodm, Vm{_iZmSy>, Ho$ai, _|Jbmo[a`Z Aem {d{dY ^m{fH$ JQ>m§V {d^mJbm Jobm Agë`mZo g§»`m~i AgyZhr Ë`m§À`m Hw$R>ë`mhr g§KQ>ZoZo AWdm _ôÎdmH$m§jr nwT>ma`m§Zr `mMm amO{H$`ÑîQ²>çm AOyZVar bm^ KoVbobm Zmhr.

{~«{Q>e H$mimV {¼ñVr Y{_©`m§gmR>r ñdV§Ì _VXmag§K AgV. amo_Z H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àm°Q>oñQ>§Q> `m XmoÝhr n§Wm§gmR>r EH$M _VXmag§K AgV. aoìô. Zmam`U dm_Z Am{U bú_r~mB© {Q>iH$ `m§Mo {Ma§Ord XodXÎm {Q>iH$ Aem àH$maÀ`m _VXmag§Kmg VÎdV: {damoY AgyZhr EH$Xm `m _VXmag§KmVyZ {ZdS>UwH$sgmR>r C^o am{hbo hmoVo.1

ñdV§Ì _hmamï´>mMr 1960 gmbr ñWmnZm Pmë`mnmgyZ AmVmn`ªV XmoZ {¼ñVr ì`º$s§Mr amÁ`mVrb _§{Ì_§S>imda Zo_UyH$ Pmbr Amho . Ë`mn¡H$s _w§~B©VyZ {ZdSy>Z Ambobo S>m° {bAm°Z {S>gmoPm ho _w§~B©Mo _mOr _hmnm¡a H$mhr H$mi amÁ`_§Ìr hmoVo Va _w§~B©VyZM 1985 gmbr {dYmZg^oda {ZdSy>Z Amboë`m gobrZ {S>{gëdm `m Oo_Vo_ EH$ df© amÁ`_§Ìr hmoË`m. _w§~B©VrbM E\$ E_ qnQ>mo ho AZoH$ df} Am_Xma hmoVo. gZ 2004 gmbr Pmboë`m {dYmZg^oÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$sV lr_Vr M§ÐeoIa _w§~B©VyZ {ZdSy>Z Amë`m AmhoV.

dgB©Vrb H°$Wmo{bH$ bm|H$m§Mr EH$JÇ>m _Vo nS>ë`mg `m {dYmZg^m _VXmag§KmVrb C_oXdmam§Mo {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m {ZH$mbmMo nmaS>o Hw$R>ë`mhr ~mOyZo diÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr Z¸$sM VmH$X Amho. gZ 1004 gmbr Pmboë`m _w§~B©Vrb H$mhr bmoH$g^m Am{U {dYmZg^m _VXmag§Km§V hr ~m~ gd©M amO{H$` njm§À`m bjmV R>iH$nUo Ambobr Amho.

Ah_XZJa {OëømV X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmMr g§»`m Ah_XZJa, lram_nya, amhmVm, {Q>iH$ZJa, haoJmd, g§J_Zoa, eodJmd, gmoZJmd, KmoS>oJmd, amhþar, nmWS>u, H|$Xi Am{U Zodmgm `oWo bjUr` Amho. Zm{eH$ H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©àm§VmV Zm{eH$, Ah_XZJa, Ywio, OiJmd Am{U Z§Xwa~ma `m Mma {Oëøm§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. Ë`mn¡H$s gdm©V OmñV åhUOo 19 Y_©J«m_ (n°are) Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb CÎma ^mJmV åhUOo lram_nya, amhþar, amhmVm, H$monaJmd,g§J_Zoa, Zodmgo, Ah_XZJa,nmWS>u VmbwŠ`m§V hmoVo. nydm©l_rÀ`m X{bV Agboë`m {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb EH$hr ì`º$s AmVmn`ªV {dYmZg^oda {ZdSy>Z Ambr Zmhr dm {dYmZn[afXoda Zo_br Jobr Zmhr.

haoJmdÀ`m _V_mD$brÀ`m `mÌogmR>r g§nyU© _hmamï´>^a {dIwabobm _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mO haoJmdbm O_Vmo.Ë`mdoirM `mg_mOmMr _moR>r g§»`m Am{U ApñVËd BVam§À`m bjmV `oVo. H$mhr bmIm§À`m Amgnmg Agboë`m `m ^m{dH$m§gmR>r `m `mÌo{Z{_Îm Eg Q>r _hm_§S>i lram_nwamVyZ haoJmdbm Xa {_{ZQ>mJ{UH$ JmS>çm gmoS>V AgVo. Ë`m_wioM `m n[agamV Am_XmaH$sgmR>r CËgwH$ AgUmao {d{dY amO{H$` njmMo nwT>mar `m `mÌobm h_Img hOa amhÿZ Amnbr CnpñWVr gd© ^m{dH$m§À`m bjmV `oB©b `mgmR>r {d{dY Šbwár§Mm dmna H$aV AgVmV. amO{H$` nwT>mar Amnë`m `mÌobm Ambo `mMoM `m g_mOmVrb bmoH$m§Zm _moR>o Aàyn dmQ>V AgVo.

_mÌ `m g_mOmÀ`m à{V{ZYtZm H$mhr amO{H$`, gm_m{OH$ nXo {_idyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r g_mOmÀ`m `m eº$sMm Cn`moJ hmoV Zmhr. aoëdoñWmZH$mda EImÚm JmS>rMr dmQ> nmhUmam bmoH$m§Mr _moR>r g§»`m Agmdr, aoëdo VoWyZ T>ië`mZ§Va g§nyU© aoëdoñWmZH$mda Hw$UmMm _mJ_yghr Zgmdm AgoM _V_mD$br{Z{_Îm `oWo O_Uma`m g§™`oMo amO{H$` qH$dm g§KQ>ZoÀ`mÑï>rZo \${bV AgVo.

S>m° ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§À`m O`§Vr Am{U _hmn[a{Zdm©Um{Z{_Îm _w§~B©V, ZmJnwamV, nwÊ`mV Am{U BVa {R>H$mUr X{bV g_mOmMo bmoH$ àM§S> g§»`oZo EH$Ì `oVmV, Voìhm `m OZg_wXm`mbm Amnë`m MidirH$S>o, {dMmaàUmbrH$S>o qH$dm njmH$S>o AmH${f©V H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ AZoH$ OU H$aV AgVmV. `m àg§Jm§{Z{_Îm {d{dY nwñVH$m§Mr _moR>çmà_mUmV {dH«$s hmoVo OmJmoOmJr C^maboë`m ì`mgnrR>m§dê$Z O_boë`m O_mdmMo gm_m{OH$, amO{H$` Am{U d¡MmarH$ à~moYZ H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm OmVmo, Vgo Hw$R>bohr àH$ma haoJmdÀ`m `mÌoV dm {IñVr g_mOmÀ`m BVa Hw$R>ë`mhr Ym{_©H$ H$m`©H«$_mV AmT>iV Zmhr {d{eï> XodimV\}$ Am`mo{OV Ho$boë`m `m H$m`©H«$_mMo ñdê$n Ym{_©H$ AgUma ho CKS> Amho, _mÌ `m Am`Ë`m JXuMm dmna Hw$R>ë`mhr gm_m{OH$ C{Ôï>m§H$aVm Ho$bm OmD$ Z`o `mMo d¡få` dmQ>Vo.

g§Kf© hm Ogm Am§~oS>H$ar MidirMm EH$ A{d^mÁ` ^mJ Amho Vgo {¼ñVr g_mOmMo Zmhr Ago A{dZme S>moig `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho. {¼ñVr Pmë`m_wio gdbVr ZmhrV. Ë`m_wio ~m¡ÜX g_mOmÀ`m VwbZoV hm g_yh IynM _mJo nS>bm. Ë`mgmR>r amOH$s`, gm_m{OH$ Midir Cä`m H$amì`m bmJVmV, Ë`m `m g_mOmZo Ho$ë`m ZmhrV Ago Vo åhUVmV.2 gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$, amOH$s` MidirV hm g_mO \$magm Ambobm Zmhr. Ë`m§Mm g§~§Y BVa g_mOmer `oVmo Vmo àm_w»`mZo {_eZar§Zr H$mT>boë`m emim§_wio. nU Vmohr nmë`-nmbH$, {ejH$, \$mXa, {gñQ>g© EdT>çmnwaVm. A°S>{_eZ KoVmZm, _wbm§À`m àJVrg§~§YmV Am{U Aemgma»`m emim§er g§~§{YV Jmoï>r§nwaVm. BVa àíZ qH$dm {dMmaàdmh `m§À`mer gmYmaUV: Ë`m§Mm g§~§Y `oV Zmhr. `m g§~§YmV EH$àH$maMr Am¡nMm[aH$Vm AgVo. {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb A§VJ©V àdmhmer BVam§Mm \$maM WmoS>m g§~§Y `oVmo, Ago Ë`m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho, `mV ~aoMgo VÏ` Amho.

H$mhr dfmªnydu lram_nwamV _{hbm dJm©§gmR>r amIrd Agboë`m dmS>m©_YyZ H$_b nm°b nbKS>_b `m {¼ñVr _{hbm {ZdSy>Z Amë`m hmoË`m. ehamVrb g§V byH$ BpñnVimÀ`m n[agamVrb \$mXa~mS>rÀ`m Amgnmg {¼ñVr g_mOmMr bmoH$g§»`m ~è`mn¡H$s Amho, Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Mm {dO` eŠ` Pmbm. _mÌ Ë`mZ§Va AmVmn`ªV åhUOo Jobr Vrg df} `m g_mOmVrb Hw$R>br ì`º$s nwÝhm ñWm{ZH$ ZJanm{bHo$da {ZdSy>Z Jobr Zmhr. BVa Aën§g»` g_mOmVrb ZoVo {d{dY amO{H$` njm§er Am{U ZoË`m§er gmQ>obmoQ>o O_dyZ {d{dY nXo Cn^moJV AgVmZm {¼ñVr g_mOmZo _mÌ `m~m~VrVhr Amnbm _mJmgbobonU {gÜX Ho$bo Amho.

Ah_XZJa _hmnm{bHo$Mr n{hbrM {ZdS>UyH$ 14 {S>go§~a 2003 bm nma nS>br. `m _hmnm{bHo$Mm à^mJ H«$_m§H$ 1 hm `oWrb gdm©§V _moR>m à^mJ. gmdoS>r Am{U E_ Am` S>r gr à^mJmMo EHy$U _VXmZ 15,421 BVHo$ hmoVo. Ë`mn¡H$s {Zå_o _VXmZ {¼ñVr d BVa _mJmgd{J©`m§Mo VgoM Aëng§»`m§H$m§Mo hmoVo. Ë`m_wio VoWo {¼ñVr g_mOmMm EH$ d BVa g_mOmMm EH$ Ago XmoZ _mJmgd{J©` ZJagodH$ ghO {ZdSy>Z `oD$ eH$V hmoVo. nU Vgo Pmbo Zmhr. H$maU {¼ñVr d BVa {_iyZ EHy$U gmV Vo AmR> C_oXdma {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m [a¨JUmV hmoVo. Ë`m_wio {¼ñVr g_mOmMr _Vo {d^mJbr Jobr. n[aUm_r `m g_mOmMm EH$hr C_oXdma ZJagodH$ hmoD$ eH$bm Zmhr. ehamVrb BVa à^mJmVyZhr {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb EH$hr ì`º$s ZJagodH$ åhUyZ {ZdSy>Z Ambr Zmhr. àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> Am{U H°$Wmo{bH$ n§{W` _amR>r g_mOmMm g§nyU© _hmamï´>mV Ah_XZJa {Oëhm ~mbo{H$„m g_Obm OmVmo. Ë`m ehamÀ`m ZJanm{bHo$V `m g_mOmMm EH$hr à{VZrYr Zgmdm hr `m g_mOmÀ`m Ñï>rZo EH$ _moR>r Zm_wîH$sMrM ~m~ Amho.

Ah_XZJaMrM hr pñWVr Va _J nwÊ`m-_w§~B©Mr VgoM Zm{eH$ - Am¡a§Jm~mXMr pñWVr `mnojm doJir Agy eHo$b H$m` Agm àíZ Ah_XZJa `oWrb H$m`©H$V} bwH$g nmQ>moio `m§Zr {Zamoß`mÀ`m Am°JñQ> 2004 À`m A§H$mV {dMmabm hmoVm.

nñVrg dfm©§nydu ' {Zamoß`m'À`m 1971À`m Owb¡À`m A§H$mV Mmb©g gmidr `m§À`m boImVrb hm n{hbm n[aÀN>oX AmOhr g_n©H$ R>aVmo:

''H$mhr {XdgmnyduM 'gH$mi' `m X¡{ZH$m_YyZ EH$ AË`§V _hÎdmMm Am{U Ii~iOZH$ _OHy$a N>mnyZ Ambm Amho.Ë`m boImÀ`m bo{IH$m AmhoV gm¡ em{bZr ~ob ! Ë`m§Zr Ë`m_Ü`o Ago {ZdoXZ Ho$bo Amho - '' AmnUm§g ñdmV§Í` {_iyZ 24 df} Pmbr; na§Vw Amnbm EH$hr Am_Xma, ImgXma AWdm H$mnm}aoQ>a AmO Amnë`m {¼ñVr g_mOmMr Xw:Io doerda Q>m§JÊ`mgmR>r ApñVËdmV Zmhr. Amnë`m Ñï>rZo hr AË`§V IoXmMr Jmoï> Amho. Aëng§»`mH$ Oar åhQ>bo Var hOmamo {¼íMZ AmO _hmamï´>m_Ü`o AgVmZmXoIrb Ë`m§Mo ZoV¥Ëd H$aUmam, Ë`m§À`mdVrZo ^m§S>Umam EH$hr H$V¥©ËddmZ Bg_ nwT>o `oD$ eH$V Zmhr, `mMm AW© H$m`? {H$Vrhr AÝ`m` Pmbm Var Vmo gmogÊ`mMm Amåhr _º$m KoVbm Amho H$m`? Amåhmbm Am_À`m g_mOmMr H$idi `oV Zmhr H$m`?? Am_À`m g_mOmMr IaoM àJVr ìhmdoE Ago Amåhmg dmQ>V Zmhr H$m`? {H$ AmOMr Amnbr n[apñWVr ^rVrZo Jm§Jê$Z Joboë`m H$moH$amgmaIr Pmbobr Amho?''

gmidr nwT>o åhUVmV: gÜ`m Oo _hmamï´>r` {¼ñVr AmhoV Ë`mVrb ~hþVoH$ _mJmgboë`m g_mOmVrb AmhoV.na§Vw Ë`m§À`m _mJo ''{¼íMZ' hm eãX Amë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m Am{W©H$ d e¡j{UH$ gdbVr ~§X hmoVmV. Y_© ~Xbbm Va Xoe ~XbVmo H$m`?? g§ñH¥$Vr ~XbVo H$m`? darb EH$mhr Jmoï>rMm {dMma Z H$aVm Ë`m§À`m gd©M gdbVr ~§X hmoVmV. g_mOmV Va AmnU _mJmgbobo åhUyZM amhVmo Am{U BH$S>o Am{W©H$ d e¡j{UH$Ñ îQ>çAm Amnbm H$m|S>_mam hmoVmo Am{U hm AÝ`m` AmnU _yJ {_iyZ ghZ H$aVmo ! '' 3

J«m_rU ^mJmV amOH$s` joÌmV _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmMr AJXr {d{MÌ nÜXVrZo H$m|S>r hmoVmZm {XgyZ hmoVo. hëbr J«m_ n§Mm`V, n§Mm`V g{_Vr, {Oëhm n[afX, ZJa n[afXm Am{U {d{dY ghH$mar g§ñWm§À`m {ZdS>UwH$sV AZygw{MV OmVrO_mVr§gmR>r H$mhr nXo Ama{jV Ho$bobr AgVmV. `m {ZdS>UwH$sV _amR>r {¼ñVr ì`º$s§Mo ZmVodmB©H$ Am{U ^mD$~§X Agboë`m na§Vw qhXw Y_m©V am{hboë`m qH$dm ~wÜX Y_m©V Joboë`m bmoH$m§Zm `m Ama{jV nXm§Mm bm^ KoVm `oVmo. _mÌ {¼ñVr Y_m©Mo bo~b Agë`mZo gdm©Wm©Zo _mJmgd{J©` AgyZhr `m Jmdm§Vrb {¼ñVr g_mOmbm Ho$di hmV MmoiV ~gmdo bmJVo. AmnboOwZo OmV^mB© amOH$s` nXo {_idyZ Amnbr àJVr gmYVmhoV ho nmhV Ë`m§Zm ~gmdo bmJVo. ehamV amhUma`m gwIdñVy Agboë`m BVaY{_©` dm IwÔ _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmbmhr J«m_rU ^mJmVrb {¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m `m n[apñWVrMr OmUrd ZgVo.

Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb J§Jmnya VmbwŠ`mVrb _mir KmoJaJmd `oWo gZ 1970À`m XeH$mV VoWrb {¼ñVamOm _§{XamMo _w»` Y_©Jwê$ \$mXa Agboë`m \$mXa nwWoÝHw$b_ ìhr Omogo\$ `m§Zr `m JmdmV gm_m{OH$ Am{U amO{H$` H«$m§VrMo AZoH$ à`moJ Ho$bo. nr ìhr \$mXa `m ZmdmZoM AmoiIë`m OmUmè`m `m Ho$air` Y_©Jwê$§Mr `m JmdmMo gan§M åhUyZhr `m Y_©Jwê$§Mr {ZdS> Pmbr hmoVr `mdê$Z Ë`m§Mo doJionU {XgyZ `oVo. gan§M ho amO{H$` nX ^yf{dUmao _hmamï´>mVrb Vo ~hþYm EH$_od Y_©Jwê$ AgmdoV. Y_©Jwê$§Zm amO{H$` nX ñdrH$maÊ`mg H°$Wmo{bH$ _hm_§S>i ghgm nadmZJr XoV Zmhr. _mÌ KmoJaJmdgma»`m AmS>diUmÀ`m JmdmVrb `m Y_©Jwê$§À`m am amOH$s` joÌmVrb `m à`moJm~m~V ñWm{ZH$ {¼ñV_§S>imVHw$R>brhr à{VHy$b à{V{H«$`m CR>br ZìhVr.

_hmamï´>mV _w§~B© Am{U R>mUo {OëømImbmoImb nwUo Am{U qnnar-qMMdS> eham§V {¼ñVr bmoH$ ~hþg§»`oZo AmT>iVmV. Ë`m_Ü`o _amR>r^m{fH$ (H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> ) g_mOmMo à_mU ^anya Amho. ZJa añË`mda am_dmS>r n[agamV S>r Zmo{~br H$m°boO, nonb go{_Zar `m gma»`m `oeyg§Kr` Am{U BVa H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©Jwê$§À`m {d{dY g§ñWm-g§KQ>Zm§Mo _moR>o Omio {Z_m©U Pmbo Amho. Ë`m_wio _hmamï´>mÀ`m {d{dY ^mJm§Vrb VgoM _yiMo Jmodm, Vm{_iZmSy> dJ¡ao amÁ`mVrb Agbobo {IñVu bmoH$ _moR>çm g§»`oZo `oWo AmT>iVmV. nwUo _hmnm{bHo$À`m VgoM {dYmZg^oÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$sV `m H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> g_mOmMr ^y{_H$m {ZUm©`H$ R>ê$ eH$Vo ho AmVmn`ªV AZoH$ amOH$s` njm§À`m Am{U ZoË`m§À`m bjmV Ambo Amho. Om°Z nm°b ho {¼ñVrY{_©` amO{H$` ZoVo `oadS>m n[agamVyZ XmoZXm nwUo _hmnm{bHo$da {ZdSy>Z Ambobo AmhoV. nU _yiMr _amR>r^m{fH$ Agbobr {¼ñVr ì`º$s AmVmn`ªV nwUo _hmnm{bHo$V {ZdSy>Z Ambobr Zmhr. _hmamï´> {dYmZg^oV AWdm {dYmZn[afXoVhr AmVmn`©§V _w§~B© Am{U dgB©Mm AndmX dJiVm Cd©arV _hmamï´>mVrb

_amR>r^m{fH$ {¼ñVr g_mOmbm à{V{ZYrËd {_imbobo Zmhr.

bmoH$g^m Am{U {dYmZg^oÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$m amO{H$` njm§À`m dVrZo bT>dë`m OmVmV Voìhm _hmamï´>mV BVa Aëng§»` g_mOmà_mUoM ~hþg§»` {¼ñVr _VXma Ë`m n[agamV à^mdr Agob Ë`m H$m±J«og qH$dm amï´>dmXr H$m±J«og `mgma»`m ñdV:bm {ZY_u amOH$maUmMm nwañH$ma H$aUma`m njmbm nmqR>dm XoVmo Agm gd©gmYmaU g_O Amho. gZ 2004 À`m bmoH$g^oÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$sV _w§~B©V {¼ñVr g_mOmZo {d{eï> amO{H$` njmbm EH$JÇ>m _VXmZ Ho$ë`mZo Ë`m {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m {ZH$mbmMo nmaS>o {déÜX {Xeobm PwH$bo Jobo Aer Omhra dº$ì`o Ë`m H$mimV Ho$br Jobr hmoVo.

ñdV:Mr à^mdr amOH$s` VmH$X dm ZoV¥Ëd ZgUmè`m OmVrO_mVr dm Aëng§»` goŠ`wba njm§À`m diMUrbm OmVmV `m_mJo `m g_mOm§Mr Vm{H©$H$Vm Amho, OwZm AZw^d JmR>rer AgVmo. H$m°J«oggmaImM nj _hmamï´>mgma»`m _amR>m ~hþg§»` Agboë`m amÁ`mV ~°[añQ>a AãXwb ah_mZ A§Vwbo `mgma»`m ZoË`mMr _w»`_§ÌrnXmda Zo_UyH$ H$ê$ eH$Vmo, S>m° _Z_mohZ qgJ gma»`m Aëng§»` erI g_mOmVrb ZoË`mMr n§VàYmZ nXmda {ZdS> H$ê$ eH$Vmo. Y_© Am{U OmVrMo amOH$maU H$ê$ nmhUmè`m njm§_wio Ë`m Y_m©Mr dm OmVrMr ZgUmè`m bmoH$m§_Ü`o Agwa{jVVoMr ^mdZm {Z_m©U hmoV AgVo.Amnë`mbm gm_m{OH$ Am{U amOH$s` gwajm XoD$ eH$Umè`m BVa Hw$R>ë`mhr njmH$S>o - _J Vmo ~hþOZ g_mO nj Agmo,S>mdo nj Agmo dm g_mOdmXr nj Agmo - diV AgVmV. Ë`m§À`m Ë`m g_Omg EH$Xm VS>m Jobm H$s _J Vo Xwgè`m {ZY_u amOH$maU H$aUmè`m njmÀ`m emoYmV AgVmV. _hmamï´>mV Var H$m±J«og Am{U eaX ndma `m§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImbrb amï´>dmXr njm{edm` BVa Hw$R>bmhr VWmH${WV {ZY_u amOH$s` njmMm g_W© n`m©` Aëng§»` g_mOmg_moa {XgV Zmhr.

_mÌ Ë`m_wio `m g_mOmbm Amnë`mì`{Varº$ BVa Hw$Um ì`ŠÎmrbm dm amOH$s` njmbm _Vo XoÊ`mMm {edm` n`m©` Zmhr Agm g_O dm J¡ag_O hmoD$ eH$Vmo. Agm 'XoAa BO Zmo Am°Xa AmëQ>aZo{Q>ìh' (' {Q>Zm') \°$ŠQ>a _wio `m g_mOmbm J¥hrV Yabo OmD$Z _J `m g_mOmgmR>r H$mhr H$aÊ`mMr Ë`m amOH$s` nwT>mè`m§g dm njmg JaO ^mgV Zmhr. Aem doirg _J {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m doir PQ>H$m XoD$Z Ë`m nwT>mè`mg Amnë`m gm_Ï`m©Mr AmR>dU H$ê$Z Úmdr bmJVo. Ah_XZJa {OëømV EH$m _VXmag§KmV Joë`m {dYmZg^oÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$sV EH$m goŠ`wba njmÀ`m ZoË`mg AgmM PQ>H$m XoD$Z M¸$ ^Jì`m `wVrÀ`m C_oXdmamg {ZdSy>Z AmUbo åhUo.

Jobr AZoH$ df} ñdV:bm {ZY_u åhUdUmè`m njm§Mr nmR>amIU H$ê$ZgwÜXm amO{H$`ÑîQ>çm X{bV R>r^m{fH${¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m nXamV H$mhrM nS>bobo Zmhr. Hw$R>ë`mhr nm{bHo$V dm _hmnm{bHo$V ñdrH¥$V g^mgX åhUyZgwÜXm `m g_mOmVrb H$m`©H$Ë`m©§Mr `m amO{H$` njm§V\}$ dUu bmdbr OmV Zmhr. Ë`m_wio {dYmZn[afXoda `m g_mOmÀ`m à{V{ZYtMr Zo_UyH$ hmoUo Va \$maM Xya am{hbo. goŠ`wba njm§Mr nmR>amIU Ho$bo Var Ë`m~Xë`mV H$mhr _mo~Xë`mMr Anojm Z ~miJë`mZo åhUm dm amOH$s` X~m~JQ> åhUyZ à^mdrnUo C^o Z am{hë`mZo åhUm, `m g_mOmMr amO{H$`ÑîQ>çm CnojmM Ho$br OmV Amho.

{¼ñVr g_mO hm X{bV g_mO AgyZXoIrb [anpãbH$Z njmÀ`m Hw$R>ë`mhr JQ>mZo `m g_mOmH$S>o Amnbr Z¡g{µJH$ ìhmoQ> ~±H$ åhUyZ nm{hbo Zmhr ho {deof Amho. H$Xm{MV {¼ñVr g_mOmMr AmVmn`ªV Am§~oS>H$ar MidirnmgyZ \$Q>Hy$Z amhÊ`mMr àd¥Îmr `mg H$maUr^yV Agy eHo$b. _mÌ nm{bH$m, _hmnm{bH$m Am{U J«m_n§Mm`V nmVirdaÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$m§V X{bV Agbobo ho ^mD$~§X ~hþVoH$doiog EH$ÌM AgVmV, hm qhXy, hm ~m¡ÜX Am{U hm {¼ñVr Agm ^oX^md ` X{bVm§_Ü`o Ë`mdoir ZgVmo. amOH$maUmV X{bVm§À`m njm§À`m AZoH$ {nbmdir Pmë`m AmhoV, Ë`mn¡H$s EImÚm {nbmdirV Vo AgVmV EdT>oM.

`m Am§~oS>H$ar Midirer Agbobo Amnbo Z¡g{J©H$ ZmVo {¼ñVr g_mOmZo ~iH$Q> Ho$bo Va `m g_mOmMo {d{dY Am{W©H$, gm_m{OH$ Am{U amO{H$` àíZ gwQ>Ê`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. gwX¡dmZo X{bV MidirVrb AZoH$ nwT>mè`m§Zm Am{U H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm {¼ñVr g_mOm{df`r AmñWmhr Amho. _mJo 'gwJmdm àH$meZ'Mo àm {dbmg dmK Am{U CfmVmB© dmK `m§Zr `mg§X^m©V à`ËZhr Ho$bo hmoVo. Aem àH$mao {¼ñVr g_mOmZo Am§~oS>H$ar Midirer ZmVo OmoS>bo Va _yiMm EH$M g_mO Agboë`m `m g_mOKQ>µH$m§Mo _moR>o {hV gmYbo OmUma Amho.

g§X^©:

1) AemoH$ XodXÎm {Q>iH$, 'AmUIr EH$ àH$mePmoV', àH$meH$: OJàH$me, Omo. {d. dobtH$a (`oeyg§Kr`), gmogm`Q>r Amo\$ {OPg), S>r Zmo{~br H$m°boO, nwUo 411 006, (1960), (nmZ gmV)

2) A{dZme S>moig, 'Y_mªV[aV X{bV Am{U {¼ñVr X{bV _wº$s Midi', 'Am§~oS>H$ar Midi: n[adV©ZmMo g§X^©' , gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo, (1995), nmZ 45)

3) Mmb©g gmidr, '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, Owb¡ 1971

({¼ñVr X{bV _amR>r gm{hË` n[afXoV\}$ lram_nya `oWo {X. 8 Am{U 9 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 2005 bm Am`mo{OV Ho$boë`m H$m`©emioV hm boI dmMÊ`mV Ambm. -nyd©à{gÜXr 'bmoH$n[adV©Z' gmám{hH$, àW_ dYm©nZ{XZ {deofm§H$ 2005, g§nmXH$: g{Vf OmYd, Ah_XZJa, Am{U '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, {S>g|~a 2005 )

H$

Why religious conversions? (Marathi)

JmdHw$gm~mhoaMm {¼ñVr g_mO

H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo

5) Y_m©§Va H$emgmR>r - ^mH$argmR>r, AmË_gÝ_mZmgmR>r {H$ {dÐmohmgmR>r

npíM_ _hmamï´>mV Ah_XZJa {OëømV, _amR>dmS>çmÀ`m Am¡a§Jm~mX Am{U OmbZm {Oëøm§V Am{U {dX^m©À`m H$mhr {Oëøm§V EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mV _moR>çm à_mUmV gm_wXm{`H$ Y_mªVao Pmbr. Ë`m_mJo Ho$di AmÜ`mpË_H$ àoaUm hmoVr Ago åhUUo YmS>gmMo R>aob. n§{S>Vm a_m~mB©, aoìô. Zmam`U dm_Z {Q>iH$, bú_r~mB© {Q>iH$, aoìh. ZriH§$R>emór Zohoå`m Jmoèho, ~m~m nX_ZOr dJ¡ao gw{e{jV ì`º$s§À`m Y_mªVamV AÜ`mpË_H$ n[adV©Z KS>bo ho {Z:g§e`. Añn¥í` OmVrO_mVtÀ`m gm_wXm{`H$ Y_mªVam~m~V _mÌ Ago åhUVm `oUma Zmhr. Á`m bmoH$m§À`m d¡`{º$H$ dm gm_m{OH$ OrdZmV Xod-Y_©, XoD$i, Y_©J«§W `m g§H$ënZm§Zm H$Yrhr àdoe ZìhVm, Aem g_mOmVyZ dmirV Q>mH$boë`m bmoH$m§Zr {¼ñVr Y_m©Mo AÜ`mË_ AmYr g_OyZ KoD$Z Z§Va hm Y_© ñdrH$mabm Ago åhUUo dmñVì`mg Yê$Z hmoUma Zmhr.

Y_m©§Vao H$m hmoVmV? Amnë`m dmS>d{S>bm§nmgyZ Ambobm Y_© gmoSy>Z Xwgam Y_© H$dQ>miÊ`mMr nmir EImÚm ì`º$sda dm g_mOmda H$m `oVo? ì`º$sJV Y_m©§Va AWm©VM nyU©V: Ë`m ì`º$ser g§~§YrV Agboë`m _mZ{gH$, AmÜ`mpË_H$ Am{U gm_m{OH$ n[apñWVrda Adb§~yZ AgVo. _mÌ Ooìhm EImXm _moR>m g_yh Amnbm Y_© gmoSy>Z Xwgè`m Y_m©V OmVmo, Ë`mdoir `m Y_m©§Vam_mJMr H$maUo g_OyZ KoUo Amdí`H$ R>aVo. .

Y_mªVam_mJMr H$maUo Am{U àoaUm `m§Mo A{dZme S>moig `m§Zr nwT>rb eãXm§V {díbofU Ho$bo Amho :

""Y_mªVa hm Amnë`m XoemVrb EH$ `wJm-`wJmnmgyZ MmbV Ambobm à`moJ Amho. qhXy Y_m©À`m OmMmbm H§$Q>miyZ Amnë`m CÜXmamgmR>r AZoH$m§Zr Y_mªVa Ho$bo Amho. _wpñb_ amOdQ>rV Añn¥í`m§Vrb ~hþg§»` bmoH$m§Zr _wpñb_ Y_© ñdrH$mê$Z g_VoH$S>o Ymd KoVbr. Ë`mMà_mUo {~«{Q>e amOdQ>rV AZoH$m§Zr OmVrì`dñWoZo {Xbobo ZrMnU PwJmê$Z Ë`mVyZ _wº$ hmoÊ`mgmR>r {¼ñVr Y_m©Mm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm Amho. AZoH$ Am{Xdmgr bmoH$m§Zrhr {ejUmgmR>r, AmnwbH$sÀ`m {_iUmè`m dmJUwH$sgmR>r {¼ñVr Y_© ñdrH$mabm Amho. {_eZar bmoH$m§Zr Cno{jV, Jar~ bmoH$m§gmR>r S>m|JaXè`mV emim§Mr ñWmnZm H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`mn`ªV {ejU ZoD$Z EH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$m`© Ho$bo Amho. `m gmè`m§Mm n[aUm_ åhUyZ ^maVmV A{YH$m{YH$ X{bV, Am{Xdmgr _§S>ir {¼ñVr Pmbr AmhoV. '' 1

Xwgè`m EH$m boImV S>moig `m§Zr Ago åhQ>bo Amho: ''doJdoJù`m amOdQ>rVrb Y_m©§VamMm g§X^© ~Xbbm Var Ë`m_mJrb Y_m©§V[aVm§Mr ^mdZm EH$gmaIrM amhV Ambr Amho. Om{Vì`dñWm, Añn¥í`Vm, eyÐ `m OmoI§S>mVyZ _wº$ hmoÊ`mgmR>r bmoH$m§Zr Y_m©§Vao Ho$br. H$Yr Vo _wñbr_ Pmbo, H$Yr Vo {¼íMZ Pmbo. Z§Va S>m° Am§~oS>H$am§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImbr Ë`m§Zr ~m¡ÜX Y_m©Mm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm. g_VoMr {eH$dU d dmJUyH$ OoWo {_iob Ë`m Y_m©bm Amnbogo H$ê$Z `m bmoH$m§Zr àñWm{nV Y_m©{déÜXMm Amnbm {ZfoY Zm|X{dbm Amho.''2

_hmamï´>mVrb dm BVa Hw$R>ë`mhr {R>H$mUr gm_wXm{`H$ {¼ñVr Y_mªVao AÚmpË_H$ n[adV©ZmZo Pmbr Agm Xmdm IwÔ {¼ñVr Y_©Jwê$ qH$dm MM©hr H$aV Zmhr. Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb ào{fVH$m`m©Mm B{Vhmg {b{hUmè`m \$mXa S>m° {¼ñVmo\$a eoiHo$ `m§Mo {díbofU nwT>rbà_mUo Amho: ''H°$Wmo{bH$ lÜXoMm {Za{Zamù`m ^mJmV H$gm àma§^ Pmbm ho nmhUo _moR>o _Zmoa§OH$ Amho. ¹${MV àg§JrM AÜ`mËå`mZo gwê$dmV Pmbobr {XgVo Ago IwÔ n{dÌ ew^g§XoemVhr Amnë`mbm Xwga§ {XgV Zmhr. bmoH$ `oeyÀ`m ^modVr JXu H$ê$ bmJbo. H$maU Ë`mZo AmOmè`m§Zm ~ao Ho$bo, _oboë`m§Zm nwÝhm CR>{dbo, AewÜXm§Zm Ë`mZo ewÜX Ho$bo Am{U ^mH$ar dmT>{dë`m. bmoH$m§Mm O_md Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o Amë`mZ§VaM Ë`mZo Ë`m§Mo bj emídV _wë`m§H$S>o AmoTy>Z KoVbo. ''Vwåhr _mÂ`mda lÕm R>odVm åhUyZ Vwåhr _mÂ`mH$S>o Ambm Ago Zmhr, Va _r Vwåhm§bm ^mH$a {Xbr åhUyZ Vwåhr AmbmV.'' Ë`mZ§VaM _J `oey AÜ`mËå`mH$S>o diyZ 'Zída AÞmgmR>r PQy> ZH$m. Ë`mEodOr {MaH$mbrZ AÞmgmR>r à`ËZ H$am' Ago Ë`m bmoH$m§Zm gm§JVmo.''3 {¼ñVr {_eZatZr gd©àW_ ^wHo$ë`m bmoH$m§Mr ^yH$ ^mJ{dbr, Ë`m§À`m gm_m{OH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ àJVrgmR>r à`ËZ Ho$bo Am{U Z§VaM Vo AÜ`mËå`mH$S>o dimbo. 'AmYr nmoQ>mo~m, _J {dR>mo~m' Aer åhU `m ^mJmV àM{bV Amho. Vr åhU `m {_eZar bmoH$m§Zr Amnë`m ào{fVH$m`m©V àË`jmV CVa{dbr.

`m g§X^m©V Hw$R>oVar dmMbobr EH$ Jmoï> _bm AmR>dVo. EH$ _hmË_m Amnë`m {eî`m§~amo~a {\$aV hmoVm. EH$m JmdmV Amë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zm EH$ ^wHo$Zo ì`mµHw$i Pmbobm _mUyg {Xgbm. Ë`m _hmËå`mMm {eî` Ë`m _mUgmOdi OmD$Z Ë`mbm AÜ`mËå`m{df`r Mma Jmoï>r gm§Jy bmJbm. _mÌ Ë`m _mUgmH$S>o Ë`m {eî`mH$S>o nmR> {\$a{dbr. {eî` Ë`mZ§Va XwgarH$S>o Jobm. WmoS>çmdoimZo Vmo naVbm Voìhm VmoM _mUyg Amnë`m Jwê$À`m nm`mer ~gyZ AÜ`mËå`mMm g§Xoe EoH$V Amho Ago Ë`mbm {Xgbo. M{H$V hmoD$Z {eî`mZo Amnë`m Jwê$bm `m~m~VrV {dMmabo Voìhm Vmo _hmË_m åhUmbm. "_r Ë`mbm ImÊ`mgmR>r Ho$ir {Xbr. ^wHo$bm Agë`mZo Ë`mMr Ë`mdoiMr VrM JaO hmoVr.''

Y_mªVam_mJMr H$maU_r_m§gm ñnï> H$aVmZm EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mV gm_m{OH AÝ`m`mMo, N>idUwH$sMo ~ir R>aboë`m X{bV g_mOmÀ`m Ñï>rZo {¼ñVr {_eZar XodXyVM R>abo Ago Zm{eH$À`m {\$bmo{_Zm ~mJyb `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho. Ë`m åhUVmV: '' {_eZatZr Amåhmbm {¼ñVm~amo~a Eo{hH$ gwImMm _mJ© XmI{dbm. XmoZ hOma dfm©nwdu à^y {¼ñVmZo AZoH$ M_ËH$ma Ho$bo, {_eZatZrhr Am_À`mgmR>r AZoH$ M_ËH$ma Ho$bo. Ë`mZr à{VHy$b n[apñWVrV Ho$bobo H$m`© H$moUË`mhr M_ËH$mamnojm µH$_r ZìhVo. à^y {¼ñVmZo bmoH$m§Zm OodU XoD$Z V¥á Ho$bo. Ë`mMà_mUo {_eZatZr AZoH$m§Zm AÞ XoD$Z V¥á Ho$bo. à^y {¼ñVmZo A§Ym§Zm Ñï>r {Xbr,Ë`mMà_mUo {_eZatZr kmZ XoD$Z Amåhmbm ZdÑï>r {Xbr. à^y {¼ñVmZo _wŠ`m§Zm dmMm {Xbr, Ë`mMà_mUo {_eZatZr hOmamo df} dmMm ~§X Agboë`m Amåhmbm dmMm {Xbr. {¼ñVmZo XwIUmBVm§Zm ~ao Ho$bo, VÛV {_eZatZr Am¡fYmonMmam§Zr amo½`m§Zm ~ao Ho$bo. à^y {¼ñVmZo _oboë`m§Zm {Od§V Ho$bo. {_eZatZr _¥Ë`wn§Wmg Q>oH$boë`m§Zm OrdXmZ {Xbo. {_eZatMo ho H$m`© Am_À`mgmR>r EH$mEH$m _moR>çm M_ËH$mamà_mUoM hmoVo. {_eZatZr Amåhmbm µH$m` {Xbo Zmhr? Ë`m§Zr Amåhmbm {dídmg {Xbm, ào_ {Xbo, Y_© {Xbm, ^mH$a {Xbr, AmË_{dídmg {Xbm, ñdm{^_mZ {Xbm, AmË_gÝ_mZ {Xbm Am{U gdm©V _hËdmMo åhUOo C?d{U©`m©À`m Jwbm_{JarVyZ _wº$ H$éZ Am_Mm H$mo§S>bobm ídmg _wº$ Ho$bm.''4

C?d{U©`m§Zr nm`§Xir VwS>dboë`m, amoOMr ^mH$ar {_idÊ`mgmR>r YS>nS>Umè`m Añn¥í` bmoH$m§Zm naXoer {_eZatZr _m`oZo Odi Ho$bo. XwîH$mimÀ`m Am{U XmoZ _hm`wÜXm§À`m H$mimV Am{U BVahr doir AÞnmUr, H$nS>mbÎmm nwadbm. JmdmÀ`m doer~mhoa hmH$bboë`m `m X{bV bmoH$m§À`m Ñï>rZo Va ho {_eZar XodXyVM R>abo. `m {_eZatZr XmIdboë`m XodmMm, Y_m©Mm Am{U J«§WmMm Ë`m§Zr Hw$R>ë`mhr e§H$mHw$e§H$m Z H$mT>Vm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm. AemàH$mao AZoH$ Jmdm§Vrb gd©À`m gd© _hma dm _m§J Hw$Qw>§~o H$mhr dfmªÀ`m H$mimV {¼ñVr Pmbr.

Jmoì`mV Á`m nÜXVrZo Y_m©§Va Pmbo Vgo _hmamï´>mV Pmbo Zmhr Ago AZwn_m COJao `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho. '' H$moUr ~m{áñ_m Úm åhQ>b§ Va {_eZar Ë`mbm AmVyZ nmaIyZ KoV. Vg§M, ~mhoa H$mhr H$mi§~oa§ Va Zmhr Zm hohr VnmgyZ ~KV. Om{V^oXmÀ`m N>imnm`r Ord _oQ>mHw$Q>rbm Amboë`m VimJmimVë`m§Zm, {_eZatZr XoD$ Ho$boë`m OrdZñVamMm _moh Pmbm. Ë`m_wio gm_y{hH$ Y_mªVa§hr Pmbr.'"5

'H°$Wmo{bH$ {_eZar§H$S>o bmoH$ àW_ dibo Vo Y_© ^mdZm _ZmV R>odyZ Zìho' Ago nwÊ`mVrb g|Q> {dÝg|Q> ñHy$bMo _mOr àmMm`© \$mXa Ho$ZoW {_pñH$Q>m Am{U \$mXa Wm°_g gmido `m§Zrhr 'OogwB©Q> 2005' `m dm{f©H A§H$mV ñnï> åhQ>bo Amho. {_eZatH$S>o diÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm hoVy nmoQ>mnmÊ`mMm d gm_m{OH$ _mZgÝ_mZ hm hmoVm Ago `m Y_©Jwê§$Zr åhQ>bo Amho. Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb bmoH$m§Mo Eo{hH$ Am{U gm_m{OH$ àíZ hmVmiÊ`mMm {_eZar§Zr à`ËZ Ho$bm. Ah_XZJa hm H$m`_Mm XwîH$mir {Oëhm. Ë`m_wio XwîH$miJ«ñV OZVogmR>r {_P[a`moa, H$m[aVmg, grAmaEg `mgma»`m godm^mdr g§ñWm§À`m _XVrZo {_eZar§Zr {d{har ImoXÊ`mg, n§n Am{U {~`mUo I[aXÊ`mg ñWm{ZH$ bmoH$m§Zm _XV Ho$br. gm_m{OH$ Am{U Ym{_©H$ H$m_m§Mr J„V hmoD$ Z`o, AmÜ`mpË_H$ ~m~r§H$S>o Xwb©j hmoD$ Z`o åhUyZ gm_m{OH$ H$m_m§gmR>r àW_ lram_nya `oWo Am{U Z§Va Ah_XZJa `oWo gmoeb g|Q>aMr ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. bmoH$m§À`m JaOm ^mJdyZ, Ë`m§À`m{df`r AmñWm XmIdyZ O_©Z Am{U EVÔoer` `oeyg§Kr` d«VñWm§Zr `oWrb bmoH$m§Mr lÜXm Omonmgbr. 'àma§^r emiogmR>r EH$hr {dÚmWu {_iV Zgo. nU AmO ZJa {OëømVrb `oeyg§Kr`m§À`m d Y_©àm§{V`m§À`m emimV hOmamo H$mWmo{bH$ d A{¼ñVr {dÚmWu {ejU KoV AmhoV.n{hë`m _hm`wÜXmÀ`m gwédmVrg ZJa {OëømV 10,000 {¼ñVr hmoVo d \$º$ Mma {_eZ ñQ>oeZ hmoVr. AmO drg {_eZ ñQ>oeZ AmhoV d 60,000 {¼ñVr bmoH$m§Mr d A{¼ñVr OZVoMr AmÜ`mpË_H$ d Eo{hH$ JaO ^mJ{dbr OmVo,'' Ago \$mXa {_pñH$Q>m Am{U gmido `m§Zr `m boImV åhQ>bo Amho.6

Y_mªVam_mJMr H$maUo H$mhrhr AgmoV, hr gm_wXm{`H$ {¼ñVr Y_mªVao EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mVrb _hmamï´>mVrb EH$ _moR>r gm_m{OH$ H«$m§Vr hmoVr. àM{bV g_mOì`dñWo{déÔMm Vmo EH$ _moR>m {dÐmoh hmoVm. Ë`mdoiÀ`m AÝ`mæ` pñWVrVyZ gwQ>H$m H$ê$Z KoÊ`mMm Y_m©§Va EH$ _mJ© hmoVm. {deof åhUOo `m X{bVm§Zm _wº$sMm hm _mJ© XmI{dUmam Ë`m§À`m_Ü`o Hw$Urhr _moPog ZìhVm. EH$m JmdmV EH$ Y_mªVa Pmbo Am{U Ë`m Y_m©§VamMo Eo{hH$, gm_m{OH$ Am{U Am{W©H$hr \$m`Xo Ë`mÀ`m ZmVodmB©H$m§Zm, ^mD$~§Xm§Zm bjmV Ambo Am{U Ë`m§Zrhr VmoM _mJ© nËH$abm. EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mÀ`m CÎmamYm©V Am{U {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwédmVrg gm_wXm{`H$ {¼ñVr Y_mªVamMr hr bmQ> _hmamï´>mV da Z_yX Ho$boë`m {Oëøm§V Mmby am{hbr. IoS>çmnmS>çm§V, AmS>diUmÀ`m N>moQ>çmem dñVtda AqhgoÀ`m _mJm©Zo AJXr g§WnUo Pmboë`m `m H«$m§VrMr Ë`mdoiÀ`m C?d{U©`m§Zr gmYr XIbhr KoVbr Zmhr. `m gm_m{OH$ H«$m§Vr_mJMr ~hþ{d{dY H$maUo, Ë`mMm g_mOmÀ`m BVa KQ>H$m§da Pmbobm n[aUm_ Am{U daÀ`m OmVtÀ`m Aaoamdrg Am{U gd©M joÌm§Vrb _ºo$Xmarg AZoH$ eVH$m§Z§Va n{hë`m§XmM {_imbobo AmìhmZ `mMo g_mOemókm§Zr d BVa g§emoYH$m§Zr AmVmn`ªV {díbofU Ho$bobo Zmhr.

ho Y_mªVa amoIÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m Añn¥í` OmVtZm Ë`m§Zm hdm Vmo AmË_gÝ_mZ Úmdm qH$dm AÝ`mæ` g_mOì`dñWm ~Xbmdr Agohr Ë`mdoiÀ`m g_mOYw[aUm§Zm dmQ>bo Zmhr. Ë`mZ§Va H$mhr dfmªZ§Va `odë`mV 1935 gmbr S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§Zr Y_mªVamMr JO©Zm Ho$br Voìhmhr ho gm_wXm{`H$ Y_mªVa amoIÊ`mgmR>r R>mog nmdbo CMbbr Jobr ZmhrM. Y_mªVamÀ`m KmofUoZ§Va AIoarg XmoZ XeH$m§Z§Va ~wÜX Y_m©Mm ñdrH$ma H$ê$Z S>m° Am§~oS>H$am§Zr Am{U Ë`m§À`m AZw`m`m§Zr EH$ A{^Zd gm_m{OH$ pñWË`§Va KS>dyZ AmUbo.

g§X^©:

1) A{dZme S>moig, ''Am§~oS>H$ar Midi: n[adV©ZmMo g§X^©'' , àH$meH$: Cfm dmK, gwJmdm àH$meZ, 861/1, gXm{ed noR>,nwUo - 411 030 (1995) ( nmZ 46)

2) Cnamoº$à_mUo, (nmZ 136)

3) \$mXa S>m°. {¼ñVmo\$a eoiHo$, ' {Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, Am°ŠQ>moda 1977 (nmZ H«$_m§H$ 33)

4) {\$bmo{_Zm ~mJyb, '{_eZ H$m`© 150 df}: gm_m{OH$ {dH$mg', ' X àm°{_g Am°\$ A aoZ~mo- E {Q´>ã`wQ> Am°\$ bìh Qy> Ada {_eZarO X dobpñà¨J Am°\$ hmon \$m°a X â`wMa - Zm{eH$ H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©àm§VmV {_eZar H$m`m©g 125 df} Pmë`m{Z{_Îm àH$m{eV Ho$bobr ñ_a{UH$m (1878-2003), ( _amR>r {d^mJ, nmZ 23)

5) S>m°. AZwn_m COJao, '_amR>r àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> {¼ñVr g_mO', àH$meH$: J«§Wmbr kmZ`k, Q>monrdmbm boZ, å`w{Z{gnb ñHy$b B_maV, S>m° ^S>H$_H$a _mJ© nmo{bg ñQ>oeZg_moa, J«±Q> amoS>, _w§~B© - 400 007 (2003), (nmZ 22)

6) 'OogwB©Q>g 2005', B`a ~wH$ Am°\$ X gmogm`Q>r Am°\$ {OPg, àH$meH$ : gmogm`Q>r Am°\$ {OPg, ~moJm} Eg, pñn[aVmo 4, 00193 amo_, BQ>br (nmZ 135), Am{U ' {Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, \o$~«wdmar 2005 (nmZ 26)