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Showing posts with label Borsar. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Borsar. Show all posts

Thursday, May 29, 2014

Christian missionaries in Maharashtra (Marathi)

 JmdHw$gm~mhoaMm {¼ñVr g_mO,  H$m{_b nmaIo


gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo



7) naXoer {¼ñVr {_eZar

Ah_XZJa, OmbZm Am{U Am¡a§Jm~mX {Oëøm§Vrb {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~m§V {Ia_m`a, ~oëga, ñQw>_©, ~|P, Poån, hmëXZa. ñb°pßgg. J¡gb. _m`a, {gŠñV, dmñgaa, ~°b§Q>mB©Z, µJ§Q>a, S>moar§J, ~mIa, \o$a}a, Jm°S>©Z hm°b, ew{~Ja, Om{H$`a, øy_, boXb}, {gñQ>a {g{g{b`m Am{U {gñQ>a {¼ñVrZm Aer O_©Z, Am°pñQ´>`Z, ñdrg, \«o$§M Am{U A_o[aH$Z {_eZatMr Zmdo AJXr n[a{MV AmhoV. hr Zmdo Agboë`m Y_©Jwê$ dm {gñQ>am§er Amnë`m Am`wî`mV H$Yr ^oQ> Pmbr Zmhr qH$dm hr Zmdo H$Yrhr H$mZmda nS>br Zmhr Ago gm§JUmar AmO Mmirer dm nÞmerÀ`m Amgnmg Agbobr EH$hr H°$Wmo{bH$ dm àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> ì`º$s `m {Oëøm§V gmnS>Uma Zmhr. Joë`m nmdUoXmoZeo dfmªV _hmamï´>mÀ`m `m {Oëøm§V g_mOOrdZmÀ`m {d{dY joÌm§V _wb^yV ñdê$nmMo `moJXmZ H$aUmè`m H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> {_eZar§Mr g§»`m XmoZeohÿZ A{YH$ Amho.1
da C„oIbobr Zmdo Agboë`m naXoer {_eZatZr `m {OëømVrb àË`oH$ H°$Wmo{bH$ Hw$Qw>§~mer Joë`m nÞmg dfmªV EH$ doµJioM ^md{ZH$ ZmVo {Z_m©U Ho$bo Amho. ào{fVH$m`© H$aVm§Zm `m {_eZatMr {OëømVrb doJdoµJù`m {_eZH|$Ðm§V ~Xbr hmoV Ago, Ë`m_wio `m gdm©MmM {OëømVrb àË`oH$ Hw$Qw>§~mer H$Yr Zm H$Yr g§~§Y `oV AgoM. AJXr A{bH$S>À`m H$mimn`ªV AZoH$ {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~m§Mr Zmi emim, ~mo{S>©J, XdmImZm, ZmoH$ar qH$dm Am{W©H$ gmhmæ` `m H$maUm§_wio \$mXa~mS>rer OmoS>bobr Ago. Ë`m{edm` ~m{áñ_m, n{dÌ H$å`w{Z`Z, {ddmh, A§Ë`g§ñH$ma dJ¡ao ñZmZg§ñH$mam§_wio àË`oH$ Hw$Qw>§~mMm `m \$mXam§er WoQ> g§nH©$ AQ>i Ago. Ë`m_wioM `m `wamo{n`Z \$mXam§Mm Am{U Ë`mMà_mUo {gñQ>am§Mm _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOOrdZmda àË`j Am{U AàË`j[aË`m \$ma _moR>m à^md nS>bm Amho. `m \$mXam§Zr Am{U {gñQ>am§Zr `oWrb J«m_rU n[agamV _moR>_moR>r Xodio, XdmImZo, emim, dgVrJ¥ho Am{U BVa g§ñWm§Mr g§Hw$bo C^r Ho$br. ho gd© {Z_m©U hmoV AgVm§ZmM ho {_eZar `oWrb {¼ñVr Am{U {~Ja{¼ñVr g_mOmMrhr OS>UKS>U H$aV hmoVo. Ë`m§À`mM AWH$ à`ËZm§VyZ AmO Ah_XZJa, OmbZm Am{U Am¡a§Jm~mX `m {Oëøm§V amhUmè`m qH$dm Z§VaÀ`m H$mimV nwUo, Zm{eH$, _w§~B© Am{U ZmJnwamV ñWm{`H$ Pmboë`m {¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m e¡j{UH$, Am{W©H$, gm_m{OH$ àJVrg hmV^ma bmJbm Amho.2
AmOÀ`m H$mimV Y_©Jwê$ åhQ>bo {H$ Ë`m§Mm g_mOmÀ`m Ho$di AmÜ`mpË_H$ ~m~r§nwaVmM g§~Y Agob Ago
J¥{hV Yabo OmVo. _moR>çm eham§V a{ddmaMr {_ñgm Am{U ~m{áñå`mgma»`m {d{dY gm§H«$m_|VmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmnwaVmM h„r Y_©Jwê$§Mm {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~mer g§~§Y am{hbm Amho. _mÌ Joë`m gììdmeo dfm©À`m H$mimV {d{eï> gm_m{OH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ g§X^m©_wio Aer n[apñWVr ZìhVr.Ah_XZJa {OëømV A_o[aH$Z _amR>r {_eZ `m àmoQ>oñQ>§Q>n§{W` {_eZatMo H$m`© 1831 gmbr gwê$ Pmbo Am{U Ë`mZ§Va H°$Wmo{bH$ {_eZar§ VoWo 1878 gmbr nmohmoMbo.3 {¼ñVr {_eZatMo `m {Oëøm§V ào{fVH$m`© gwê$ Pmë`mnmgyZ Z§Va Jobr OdiOdi {XS>XmoZeo dfmªn`ªV ~hþg§»` _amR>r {¼ñVr hm g_mO nyU©nUo {_eZatda AZoH$ ~m~VrV Adb§~yZ am{hbm hmoVm.g_mOmVrb n{hbr {nT>r nXdrYa hmoB©n`ªV qH$dm Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm ñdmdb§~r hmoB©n`ªV hr n[apñWVr H$m`_ am{hbr.
g_mOmZo ImbÀ`m OmVrMo åhUyZ hoQ>mibobm Am{U gaH$maZo Ë`m§À`m h¸$mÀ`m gdbVr ZmH$maë`mZo {dH$mgmMr Xmao ~§X Pmboë`m `m g_mOmbm àJVr gmYÊ`mgmR>r {dgmì`m eVH$mV {_eZat{edm` Xwgam Hw$R>bmM AmYma ZìhVm. Ë`m_wio \$mXa~mS>rV amhÿZ VoWo H°$Q>o{H$ñQ>, {ejH$, {enmB©, S´>m`ìha, XdmImÝ`m§V Am`m Am{U PmSy>dmë`m dm {_iob Vo H$m_ H$ê$Z qH$dm \$mXam§Zr eoVrgmR>r Ho$boë`m _XVrda `m bmoH$m§Zr ñdmV§Í`nyd© Am{U ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimV JwOamU Ho$br. Ah_XZJa Am{U Am¡a§Jm~mX {Oëøm§V haoJmd, g§J_Zoa, amhmVm, H|$Xi, KmoJaJmd, ~moaga dJ¡ao J«m_rU ^mJm§V {_eZatZr ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimVM àmW{_H$ emim CYS>ë`m hmoË`m. g§J_ZoamV _wbm§Zr Amnë`m g|Q> _oarO ñHy$b_Ü`o {eH$Ê`mgmR>r `mdo `mgmR>r \$mXa dmB©ghm¡ßQ> `m§Zr 1900À`m Xaå`mZ {H$Vr H$ï> KoVbo ho nm{hbo åhUOo {_eZatÀ`m `m gm_m{OH$ godoMo Hw$Urhr H$m¡VwH$M H$aob. `m emim§_wio J«m_rU ^mJm§V gd© OmVrY_mªÀ`m Am{U _w»` åhUOo X{bVm§Zmhr {ejUmMr Xmao n{hë`m§XmM Iwbr Pmbr. `m emim§V gmVdrn`ªV _Ob _mê$ eH$bobo {¼ñVr _wbo-_wbr _J g§J_ZoaÀ`m kmZ_mVm Am{U g|Q> _oarO ñHy$bÀ`m ~moS>vJ_Ü`o amhÿZ AmR>dr-Zddrn`ªV H$go~go nmohmoMV. Ë`mn¡H$s ~hþVoH$ _wbo Amnbr e¡j{UH$ Hw$dV qH$dm nmbH$m§Mr Am{W©H$ Hw$dV AmoiIyZ _°Q´>rH$AmYrM nwÊ`mÀ`m g|Q> Omogo\$ Q>opŠZH$b B§pñQ>Q>çyQ>Mr dmQ> YarV. `oeyg§Kr` Y_©Jwê§$Zr Mmb{dboë`m Ë`mH$mimV AË`§V ZmdmOboë`m `m Am`Q>rAm`_Ü`o hr _wbo {\$Q>a, dm`a_Z, _oH°${ZH$ dJ¡ao H$mog© H$arV. Ë`mH$mimV nwÊ`mV ZwH$VoM doJdoJù`m _moR>çm H§$nÝ`m gwê$ Pmë`m hmoË`m. VoWrb ~OmO, Q>oëH$mo, J«rìO, Jadmao dJ¡ao H§$nZr§_Ü`o `m Vê$Um§Zm ZmoH$è`m {_imë`m. Am{U àW_M `m g_mOmVrb n{hbr {nT>r dVZmMr O{_Z, dVZXmar, JmdmH$S>Mr Añn¥í`m§Zm {_iUmar dmJUyH$ `mnmgyZ Xya hmoD$Z ehamVrb gwYmaboë`m dmVmdaUmV dmdê$ bmJbr.
IoS>çmnmS>çm§V \$mXa~mS>rVM amhÿZ VoWo H$m_ H$aUmè`m bmoH$m§Zm amhÊ`mgmR>r {_eZatZr H$m¡bmar Mmir ~m§Yë`m. haoJmd, lram_nya, amhmVm, eodJmd, Am{U d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`mVrb KmoJaJmd dJ¡ao {R>H$mUr \$mXa~mS>rÀ`m Amgnmg {¼ñVr g_mO PmonS>rEodOr ñdV:À`m OmJoV {g_|Q>À`m nŠŠ`m Kam§V amhÿ bmJbm. nJmaXmar bmoH$ {_eZatZr {Xboë`m H$Om©À`m, AmJmD$ aH$_oÀ`m ~imda \$mXa~mS>rnmerM OmJm {dH$V KoD$Z ñdV:À`m KamV amhÿ bmJbo. \$mXa~mS>r åhUOo `m g_mOmgmR>r EH$ Zdo {díd ~Zbo. \$mXa~mS>r gmoSy>Z ~mhoa Om`Mo åhQ>ë`mg Ë`m§Zm ñdV:À`m Hw$dVrda Am{W©H$ {dH$mg gmYUo Ë`mH$mimV Var eŠ` ZìhVo. `m {dídm~mhoa Ë`m§Zm gÝ_mZmZo OJUo eŠ` Pmbo ZgVo. {ejUmA^mdr Am{U amIrd OmJm§À`m H$dMmA^mdr gaH$maXa~mar Ë`m§Zm ZmoH$arV ñWmZ ZìhVo. nwT>o OmVrnmVrMo amOH$maU gwê$ Pmë`mZo ImgJr qH$dm ghH$mar g§ñWm§V Ë`m§Mr S>mi {eOV ZìhVr. Zm KaH$m, Zm KmQ>H$m Aer pñWVr Pmë`mZo {¼ñVr {_eZarM `mH$mimV Ë`m§Mo _m`~mn ~Zbo.
J«m_rU ^mJm§V AZoH$ XeHo$ ~hþg§»` {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~m§Vrbhr {H$_mZ EH$ Var ì`º$s \$mXa~mS>rV Hw$R>ë`m Z Hw$R>ë`m nXmda H$m_ H$aV Agm`Mr. AZoH$Xm VrM ì`º$s Ë`m Hw$Qw>§dmVrb EH$_od H$_mdVr ì`º$s Agm`Mr. AmOhr `m n[apñWVrV \$magm \$aH$ nS>bobm Zmhr. Ë`mH$mimV EH$m {_eZñWmZm_Ü`o AmgnmgÀ`m AZoH$ IoS>çm§Mm g_mdoe ìhm`Mm. Ë`m JmdmV Y_©Jwê$§Mr _{hÝ`mVyZ EH$Xm {_ñgogmR>r \o$ar ìhm`Mr. _mÌ Ë`m JmdmVrb àË`oH$ {¼ñVr ì`º$s \$mXam§À`m Mm§Jë`m n[aM`mMr Agm`Mr. CnmgZm hmoÊ`mAmYr qH$dm Z§Va Ë`m Hw$Qw>§~m§Vrb gwIXw:ImÀ`m Jmoï>r \$mXam§Zm H$im`À`m. `m g_mOmÀ`m AÜ`mpË_H$ JaOm ^mJdVmZmM Ë`m§À`m Am{W©H$, H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ Am{U gm_m{OH$ A{S>AS>MUr Xya H$aÊ`mghr ho {_eZar _XV H$am`Mo. EImXm XmXbm Amnë`m ~m`H$mobm Zm§X{dV Zgob dm EImXr gmgwadm{eU gmgar Om`bm ZmIwe Agbr Va \$mXam§Zr XmoKm§Zmhr ehmUnUmMo ~mob gm§JyZ _Ü`ñWr H$amdr Aer Ë`m§À`m nmbH$m§Mr Anojm Ago. ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimVrb XmoZ _hm`wÜXm§À`m H$mimV AZoH$ O_©Z {_eZar§Zm Vwé§Jdmg KS>bm, naXoemVyZ `oUmè`m Hw$R>ë`mhr ñdê$nmÀ`m _XVrdahr XrK©H$mi {Z~ªY Ambo. Xw~©i KQ>H$m§À`m _XVrgmR>r gVV nwT>o OmUmao {_eZatMo hmV `m H$mimV IynM AdKS>bobo hmoVo.
gZ 1960 Am{U 1970 À`m XeH$m§V `oeyg§Kr` {_eZar naXoem§VyZ Ambobo YmÝ`, Vob Am{U JmoR>dë`m XyYmMr nmdS>a hbmIrMr n[apñWVr AgUmè`m Hw$Qw>§~m§_Ü`o dmQ>V AgV ho _r nm{hbo Amho. `m _XVr_Ü`o ~ëJa `m ZmdmMo A_o[aH$Z YmÝ` Agm`Mo. ' \«$m°_ A_o[aH$m {dW bìh' hr B§J«Or Am{U 'A_o[aH$s OZVmH$s ^oQ>' ho qhXr eãX Agboë`m Á`wQ>gmaa»`m JmoÊ`m§VyZ ho ~ëJa dmQ>bo Om`Mo. OmS> ImH$s H$mJXm§Mr grb~§Y Agbobr XwYmMr {nedr \$moSy>Z Ë`mVrb XwYmMr nmdS>arMo AZoH$ Hw$Qw>§~m§_Ü`o dmQ>n ìhm`Mo. Mm¡H$moZr Mma -nmM {bQ>aÀ`m JmoS>oVobmMo S>~ohr JaOy bmoH$m§Zm {Xbo Om`Mo. {deof åhUOo naXoemVyZ `oUmè`m `m _XVrMo {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~m~amo~aM {~Ja{¼ñVr JaOy ì`º$s A{U Hw$Qw>§~m§Vhr dmQ>n ìhm`Mo.
AZoH$ df} {_eZatZrhr Amnë`m Hw$dVrZwgma `m bmoH$m§À`m gm_m{OH$, e¡j{UH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ àJVrgmR>r à`ËZ Ho$bo. ñdmV§Í`moVa H$mimV naXoer {_eZatÀ`m ^maVmVrb dmñVì`mda {Z~ªYo bmXÊ`mV Ambr. Zm{eH$ {OëømVrb _Z_mS> ehamV bmoH$m§gmR>r AZoH$ {dH$mg`moOZm am~Umao ñn°{Ze Y_©Jwê$ \$mXa {dÝgoQ> \o$aoam `m§À`m~m~VrV {Z_m©U Ho$bobo H$mhÿa AOyZhr bmoH$m§À`m Mm§Jbo ñ_aUmV Amho. ñdmV§Í`m§Z§VaÀ`m H$mimV Zdo naXoer {_eZar Ah_XZJa {Oëøm§V Am{U XoemÀ`m BVa ^mJm§V _moR>çm g§»`oZo Ambo ZmhrV. Oo nyduM Ambo hmoVo, Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m nyU© h`mVrV åhUOo AJXr d`mMr ZìdXr JmR>on`ªV `oWrb JaOy, Cno{jV g_mOmMr godm Ho$br.
`wamon- A_o[aHo$VyZ `m naŠ`m _wbwImV EoZ Vmê$Ê`mV `oD$Z `oWrb H$S>H$ D$Z, doJù`m nÜXVrMm Amhma Am{U AË`§V H$ï>mMr OrdZe¡br nËH$ê$Z XoIrb `mn¡H$s AZoH$ {_eZatZm OUyH$mhr Ë`m§À`m godoMo \$i åhUyZ XrKm©`wî` {_imë`mMo {XgVo. ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimV KmoS>çm§dê$Z, N>H$S>çm§dê$Z,nm`rnm`r qH$dm gm`H$btdê$Z JmdmoJmdr àdmg H$aUmè`m Am{U ñWm{ZH$ Ádmar-^mH$arÀ`m ^mH$argmaIo AÞ nM{dUmè`m {~en hoZ«r S>moatJ, Om{H$`a~m~m, em°H$, ñQw>_©, ñQ>mH©$, [aMS>© dmñgaa, ñQ>m\$Za, ~mXa, hmëXZa, nm`g J¡gb dJ¡ao naXoer {_eZatZm Hw$Umbmhr hodm dmQ>ob Ago Amamo½` Am{U {XKm©`wî` bm^bo. AJXr ZìdXr nma Ho$ë`mZ§Vahr `mn¡H$s AZoH$ Y_©Jwê$ àH¥$VrZo AJXr V§XwéñV hmoVo. ZìdXr nma Ho$boë`m nwÊ`mMo AmM©{~en hoZ«r S>moatJ MmbVmZm Ìmg hmoVmo åhUyZ H$mR>r dmnam Agm g„m {Xbm Va Vo Idim`Mo. 'H$mR>r KoD$Z Mmby? _J bmoH$ åhUVrb, hm ~Km, AmVm hm åhmVmam Pmbm!'' 4 Joë`m EH$-XmoZ XeH$m§À`m H$mimV {Ma{dlm§Vr bm^boë`m `m {_eZatÀ`m H$m`m©§Mm bm^ {_imbobo Am{U Ë`m§À`m ghdmgmV Ambobo AZoH$ {¼ñVr Am{U {~Ja{¼ñVr bmoH$ AmO {H$_mZ nÞmer qH$dm gmR>rÀ`m Amgnmg AmhoV. `m {_eZatZr {ejU, gm_m{OH$, Am{U Am{W©H$ joÌmV Ho$boë`m `moJXmZm§Mr `m ì`º$s CÎm_ gmj XoD$ eH$VmV.
^maVr` g_mOmV nwT>rb {nT>çm§gmR>r B{VhmgmMr Zm|X amIÊ`mMr gd` AmT>iV Zmhr Ago åhQ>bo OmVo. `m naXoer {_eZatZm AmnU {dgaV OmV Agbmo Var Ë`m§À`m _m`Xoem§Vrb `wamonmV amo_, O_©Zr Am{U BVa {R>H$mUr `m Y_©Jwê§$Zr Amnë`m ZmVodmB©H$m§Zm, {_Ì_§S>itZm Am{U Y_m©{YH$mè`m§Zm {b{hbobr nÌo, Ë`m§À`m amoO{Zer Am{U VoWrb ñWm{ZH$ ^mfm§V {b{hbobr M[aÌo AmOhr OVZ H$ê$Z R>odbobr AmT>iVmV. _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m BVHo$M Zìho Va _hmamï´>mVrb VËH$mbrZ g_mOmÀ`m B{VhmgmÀ`m Ñï>rZo hr H$mJXnÌo EH$ _m¡ë`dmZ R>odmM Amho. Amnbm B{Vhmg OmUyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r `wamonmVrb hr O_©Z Am{U b°Q>rZ ^mfm§Vrb hr H$mJXnÌo Yw§S>mim`Mr nmir `mdr hr Zm_wîH$sM åhUmdr bmJob. _amR>r g§V dmS²>:_`mMo g§emoYH$ aoìô. OñQ>rZ ES>dS>© A°~Q> `m§Zm 1920À`m Xaå`mZ B§½bS>_Ü`o Wm°_g ñQ>r\$ÝgZo gmoimì`m eVH$mV {b{hboë`m ' {H«$ñVnwamU' `m _amR>r _hmH$mì`mMr XodZmJar {bnrVrb hñV{bIrV àV AerM Ho$di AnKmVmZoM gmnS>br hmoVr.5 O_©Z Am{U ñdrg Y_©àm§VmÀ`m `oeyg§{K`m§Zr Ho$boë`m npíM_ ^maVmV åhUOo _hmamï´>, Jmodm Am{U JwOamV `m amÁ`m§V ào{fVH$m`m©g 2004 _Ü`o {XS>eo df} nyU© Pmbr, Ë`m{Z{_Îm `m O_©Z, ñdrg, Am°pñQ´>`Z `oeyg§{K` d«VñÏ`m§À`m H$m_mMm AmT>mdm KoUmar EH$ ñ_a{UH$m àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr. Ë`mdoir `oeyg§{K`m§Zr OnyZ R>odboë`m b°{Q>Z Am{U O_©Z nÌm§Mo, Zm|Xr§Mo Am{U BVa H$mJXnÌm§Mo B§J«OrV ^mfm§Va H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. 'aoBg- `mÌm' `m {ef©H$mMr hr ñ_a{UH$m naXoer {_eZatÀ`m godo~Ôb ì`º$ Ho$bobr EH$ H¥$VkVmM Amho.6 Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb gdm©V Cno{jV Agboë`m g_mOKQ>H$m§gmR>r Amnbo nyU© OrdZ g_{n©V Ho$boë`m {_eZatn¡H$s AZoH$ Y_©Jwê$ Am{U {gñQ>g© g§J_Zoa `oWrb g|Q> _oarO hm`ñHy$bÀ`m eoOmarb H$~añWmZmV {Ma{ZÐm KoV AmhoV. BVa {_eZatÀ`m H$~ar nyUo, H|$Xi Am{U lram_nya `oWrb X\$Z^y_rV AmhoV.
'g_ Q>mBåg {X {g_|Q>arO Ama H§$Q>oqZJ _moa {hñQ>ar X°Z _oZr ~wŠg' (H$Yr H$Yr nwñVH$m§nojmhr X\$Z^y_rV A{YH$ B{Vhmg AgVmo) Ago \$mXa Á`mo C~ob_oñga `m O_©ZrVrb Y_©Jwê$§Zr Zm{eH$ H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©J«m_mÀ`m 2003 gmbr à{gÜX Pmboë`m ñ_a{UHo$V Amnë`m g§XoemV åhQ>bo Amho,7 Vo `mg§X^m©V AJXr bmJy nS>Vo. Ë`m WS>½`m§darb {Mam {ZIiV Joë`m, VoWo {Z`{_VnUo H¥$Vk²>Vmnyd©H$ nUË`m dm _oU~Î`m bmdë`m bmdë`m Joë`m Zmhr Var Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m H$m`mªMo _mob H$_r hmoV Zmhr. `mn¡H$s AZoH$ {_eZatMr Zmdo H$mimÀ`m AmoKmV {dñ_aUmV Jobr Var gìdmeo dfm©§À`m H$mimV Ë`m§Zr {¼ñVr Am{U {~Ja{¼ñVr g_mOmgmR>r Ho$bobr godm {dgabr OmUma Zmhr.

g§X^©:

1) 'X àm°{_g Am°\$ A aoZ~mo- E {Q´>ã`wQ> Am°\$ bìh Qy> Ada {_eZarO X dobpñà¨J Am°\$ hmon \$m°a X \w$Ma' - Zm{eH$ H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©àm§VmV {_eZar H$m`m©g 125 df} Pmë`m{Z{_Îm àH$m{eV Ho$bobr ñ_a{UH$m (1878-2003), (nmZ 96)
2) H$m{_b nmaIo, '{¼ñVr {_eZè`m§Mo `moJXmZ', gw{ZVr npãbHo$eÝg, {dVaH$ - gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo (2003) (_ZmoJV, nmZo 7 Vo 10)
3) E_. E. S>oìhrS>, ' {_eÝg:H«$m°g-H$ëMab EZH$m¢Q>a A±S> M|O BZ doñQ>Z© B§{S>`m', àH$meH$ - B§{S>`Z gmogm`Q>r \$m°a à_mo{Q>J {¼íMZ Zm°boO', nmoñQ> ~m°Šg 168, H$mpí_ar JoQ>, {X„r, 110 006, (nmZ 48)
4) S>m° A{OV bmoI§S>o, '~«Xa `mogo\$ E§Jb (`oeyg§K)', '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, _o 2007, (nmZ 10)
5) '\$mXa ñQ>r\$ZH¥$V {H«$ñVnwamU (n¡bo d Xwgao)', g§nmXH$ : em§Vmam_ ~§S>oby, àH$meH$, `. µJmo. Omoer, àgmX àH$meZ, 689/24, gXm{ed noR>, nwUo 411 002 (1956) (n[a{eï> 3, OñQ>rZ E A°~Q> `m§Mo 'X Q>mBåg Am°\$ B§{S>`m'V à{gÜX Pmbobo nÌ, (nmZ 946 Vo 949)
6) 'aoB©g- `mÌm', O_©Z Am{U ñdrg Y_©àm§VmÀ`m OogwB©Q>g Y_©Jwê$§Zr npíM_ ^maVmV gwê$ Ho$boë`m ào{fVH$m`m©g 150 df} nyU© Pmë`m{Z{_Îm à{gÜX Ho$bobr ñ_a{UH$m, àH$meH$ - \$m. ñQ>°Zr \$Zmª{S>g, nwUo OogwB©Q> Y_©àm§Vm§Mo _w»`m{YH$mar, g§OrdZ Aml_, 38, ggyZ amoS>, nwUo- 411 001 (2004)
7)'X àm°{_g Am°\$ A aoZ~mo- E {Q´>ã`wQ> Am°\$ bìh Qy> Ada {_eZarO X dobpñà¨J Am°\$ hmon \$m°a X \w$Ma', (nmZ 95)



Wednesday, May 21, 2014

Fr Jacquier starts Borsar mission in Aurangabad district

KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m
(Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)
H$m{_b nmaIo gwJmdm àH$meZ



9) ~moaga {_eZ H|$ÐmMr C^maUr


\$mXa Om{H$`a 1896 _Ü`o KmoJaJmdmV Amë`mnmgyZ `m {_eZH$m`m©Mm ì`mn Am{U H$m`©joÌ ^anya dmT>bo hmoVo. AmgnmgÀ`m EHy$U 65 Jmdm§Mm `m {_eZñWmZmV g_mdoe hmoVm. KmoJaJmdmV ñWm{`H$ AgUmè`m Y_©Jwé§Zm `m XyadaÀ`m JmdmVrb bmoH$m§er {Z`{_V g§nH©$ R>odUo eŠ` ZìhVo. Ë`m_wio KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmMo {d^mOZ H$ê$Z H$mhr Jmdm§gmR>r EH$ Zdo {_eZ H|$Ð CKS>Ê`mMm {ZU©` {~en \$mpÝgg pñQ>\$Z H$m°nob `m§Zr KoVbm. KmoJaJmdmnmgyZ 35 {H$bmo_rQ>a A§Vamda Agbobo ~moaga Jmd ho `m Zì`m {_eZñWimMo H|$Ð AgUma hmoVo.
KmoJaJmd {_eZÀ`m hÔrVrb 65 Jmdm§n¡H$s 18 Jmdo Zì`m ~moaga {_eZH|ÐmH$S>o di{dÊ`mV Ambr. `m Zì`m {_eZHo$§ÐmMr O~m~Xmar AZw^dr \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`mH$S>o gmon{dÊ`mV Ambr. OwÝ`m {_eZmVrb AmR> H°$Q>o{H$ñQ>m§Mrhr Zì`m {_eZ H|$ÐmV ~Xbr H$aÊ`mV Ambr. KmoJaJmdMo à_wI Y_©Jwê$ åhUyZ \$mXa ~oO} `m§Mr Zo_UyH$ Pmbr. \$mXa Á`mo \$Zmª{S>g ho Ë`m§Mo ghm`H$ Y_©Jwê$ hmoVo. KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmH$S>o AmVm 47 Jmdm§Mm H$m`©^ma hmoVm. VoWrb XmoZ Y_©Jwê§$À`m _XVrbm 24 H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> _mñVam§Mm Vm\$m hmoVm.
Zì`m {_eZmMr C^maUr H$aÊ`mg {gÕ Pmboë`m \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Amnë`m OyZ 1910 À`m amoO{ZerV {b{hbo Amho : ""KmoJaJmd {_eZ hÔrVrb gd© Jmdm§Zm ^oQ>r {Xë`mZ§Va 4 _o bm _r KmoJaJmd gmoS>bo. \$mXa Apë~Zmo ZmJnyabm Jobo Agë`m_wio Am¡a§Jm~mX `oWo VrZ {Xdg _r Ë`m§Mm H$m`©^ma gm§^mibm Am{U 9 _o À`m gH$mir ~moaga `oWo nmohmoMbmo. AmXë`m {XderÀ`m g§Ü`mH$mir N>namgmR>r qPH$ nÌo Am{U BVa gm_mZ KoD$Z XmoZ ~¡bJmS>çm ~moagabm nmohmoMë`m hmoË`m. Ë`mM ~¡bJmS>çmVyZ EH$ H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> Am{U _mPm OwZm AmMmar Amnbr ñd`§nmH$mMr ^m§S>r KoD$Z VoWo Ambo hmoVo. H$m°\$sMm EH$ H$n {nD$Z Amåhr gd© OU _J EH$ _¡b A§Vamda Agboë`m EH$m Q>oH$S>rda Jobmo. Ë`m C§M Q>oH$S>rdê$Z Amåhmbm Am¡a§Jm~mX Am{U H$ÝZS> eham§À`m {XeoVrb OdiOdi drg _¡bm§À`m nR>mamMo AË`§V {dh§J_ Xe©Z KS>bo. `oeyÀ`m n{dÌ öX`mbm hr ^y_r An©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r _r JwS>Ko Q>oH$bo Am{U M~b¡g `oWo {_eZH$m`m©gmR>r AmJ_Z Ho$boë`m g§V \$mpÝgg S>r goëg `m§À`m nmdbmda nmD$b Q>mHy$Z `m Y_©àm§VmÀ`m XyVm§H$S>o àmW©Zm Ho$br.
~moaga `oWo _r gÜ`m amhÊ`mgmR>r EH$ Imobr Am{U ñd`§nmH$mMr Imobr Agbobr _mVrÀ`m q^VrMo EH$ PmonS>rdOm Ka ~m§YVmo Amho. Iao nm{hbo Va `oWrb _hmam§À`m Ñï>rZo ho Ka åhUOo dmñVwemñÌmVrb EH$ ZdbM Amho. `m KamÀ`m q^Vr gmV \y$Q> C§M Am{U 14 \y$Q> é§XrÀ`m AmhoV. q^Vrda qPH$ nÍ`mMo N>V Amho.""
Ë`mZ§Va H$mhr H$mimZ§Va \$mXam§Zr Amnë`m aomO{ZerV {b{hbo hmoVo. ""_mPo `oWrb AmJ_Z g¡VmZmbm AmdS>bobo {XgV Zmhr. ~moaga JmdmVrb 400 _hmam§n¡H$s 150 {¼íMZ AmhoV. nU Am_À`m{df`r `m {¼íMZm§À`m ^mdZm AË`§V H$Qw> AmhoV, Ë`m§Mr Am_À`m~amo~arMr dmJUyH$hr Mm§Jbr Zmhr. `m g_mOmV OmVrì`dñWo_wio {Z_m©U hmoUmè`m AS>MUr Am{U {¼ñVr Y_m©À`m Z¡{VH$ dV©Zmg§~§YrÀ`m {Z`_m§_wio Ë`m§À`m _ZmV MrS> {Z_m©U hmoVo. `oWrb _wbm§Zm {¼ñVr Y_©{df`H$ {eH$dUgwÕm MwH$sÀ`m nÕVrZo {Xbr OmV Amho. Ë`m{edm` b½ZmMo H$m`Xoera d` hmoÊ`mÀ`m AmYrM ~hþVoH$ b½Z hmoV AgVmV. _mÌ, XodmÀ`m H¥$noZo `m bmoH$m§Zm {¼ñVr OrdZnÕVrMr gd` bmJob Aer Am_Mr Amem Amho.""
~moagabm Amë`mZ§Va gwê$dmVrÀ`m `m H$Qy> AZw^dmZ§Va bdH$aM \$mXa Om{H$`a Zì`m OmJr éibo. Ë`m§À`m{df`rMm ñWm{ZH$ bmoH$m§Mm Ñ{ï>H$moZhr hiyhiy ~Xbbm. \$mXam§À`m ào{fVH$m`m©g ho bmoH$ à{VgmX XoD$ bmJbo. 30 {S>go§~a 1910 amoOr \$mXam§Zr Amnë`m amoO{ZerV {b{hbo hmoVo: ""_mPm n{hbm ZmVmigU ~moaga `oWo AJXr AmZ§XmV nma nS>bm. Joë`m VrZ _{hÝ`m§À`m H$mimV `m {_eZ H|$ÐmV _r 311 OUm§Zm ~mpßVñ_m {Xbm Amho. ZmVmimÀ`m gUmÀ`m {Xder 125 OUm§Zr H$å`w{Z`Z ñdrH$mabo, Va 40 OUm§Zr ~m{áñ_m KoVbm. Joë`m dfu OoWo \$º$ XmoZOUm§Zr H$å`w{Z`Z KoVbo hmoVo Ë`mM ~moaga JmdmV `mdoir 40 OUm§Zr H$å`w{Z`Z ñdrH$mabo. Ë`m{edm` _r `oWo AmR> b½Zo bmdbr AmhoV.""
1913 Am{U 1914 `m H$mimV \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr ~moaga Am{U KmoJaJmd `m XmoÝhrhr {_eZ H|$Ðm§H$S>o bj {Xbo. {ZYrÀ`m A^mdr KmoJaJmdÀ`m XodimMo H$m_ aIS>bo hmoVo. _mÌ ~moaga `oWo \$ma ^ard ñdê$nmMo `moJXmZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm nwaogm doi {_imbm Zmhr. `m Zì`m {_eZ H|$ÐmMm nm`m _O~yV H$aÊ`mMo H$m`©, VoWo XoD$i ~m§YÊ`mMo àmW{_H$ H$m_ Ë`mdoir ZwH$VrM Jwé{Xjm Pmboë`m \$mXa Omogo\$ nmO `m§Zr Ho$bo. `mMo H$maU åhUOo `mXaå`mZ n{hbo _hm`wÕ gwê$ Pmë`mZo _amR>dmS>çmÀ`m eoOmarb Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb O_©Z `oeyg§Kr`m§da g§H$Q> H$mogibo. `m O_©Z Y_©Jwê§$Zm {~«{Q>em§Zr Vwé§JmV S>m§~ë`mZo Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb Zì`mZoM ñWmnZ Pmbobr {_eZ H|$Ðo Mmb{dÊ`mgmR>r E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoÀ`m \$mXam§Mr _XV _mJÊ`mV Ambr. ZmJnyaÀ`m {~enm§Zr 1995 À`m gßQ>|~amV \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mr ~moaga `oWyZ amhmVm `oWo ~Xbr H$obr. KmoJaJmdMo Y_©Jwê$ Om°Z _oar ~oO} `m§Mr H|$Xi `oWo ~Xbr Pmbr. KmoJaJmd `oWo Ë`mdoir ghm`H$ Y_©Jwê$ Agboë`m \$mXa {gñH$V \$m{O`mZmo `m§À`mH$S>oM Ë`m Y_©J«m_mMr O~m~Xmar gmon{dÊ`mV Ambr. `mM YVuda ~moagaMo ghm`H$ Y_©Jwê$ Agboë`m \$mXa nmO `m§Zr VoWrb H$m`©^ma hmVr KoVbm.
\$mXa nmO `m§Zr ~moagabm \$mXam§Mo {ZdmgñWmZ Am{U M°nob ~m§Ybo Am{U Zì`m ^ì` XodimMohr ~m§YH$m_ gwê$ Ho$bo. KmoJaJmdÀ`m C§M {¼ñVamOm _§{Xamà_mUoM `m XodimMohr ~m§YH$m_ AZoH$ df} Mmbbo.Amnë`m \w$agVrÀ`m doimV `m XodimV C^maÊ`mgmR>r \$mXa nmO Ë`m§Zr ñdV:M nwVio H$moabo. Ë`mH$mimV ~m§YH$m_mgmR>r dmnaë`m OmUmè`m MwÝ`mMo ãbm°Šg V`ma H$ê$Z, Ë`mda MmHy$Zo H$moê$Z Ë`m§Zr ho nwVio KS>{dbo. ZmJnyaMo {~en H$m°nob Am{U E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoMo à§mVm{YH$mar \$mXa AZ}ñQ> WoìhZoQ> `m§Zr ~moagabm ^oQ>r {Xë`m. Ë`mZ§VaÀ`m Amnë`m {bImUmV {~enm§Zr \$mXa nmO `m§À`m {eënH$boÀ`m H$m¡eë`mMo H$m¡VwH$ Ho$bo. OÝ_mZo \|$M Agboë`m \$mXa nmO `m§Mo _amR>rda Mm§Jbo à^wËd hmoVo. gZ 1919 À`m Am°ŠQ>mo~amV \$mXam§Mr O~bnyabm ~Xbr Pmbr Am{U \$mXa {_Mob \$m°aob ho ~moagabm Ambo. O~bnyabm Joë`mZ§Va H$mhr _{hÝ`mVM åhUOo 22 _o 1920 bm \$mXa nmO `m hmS>mÀ`m {_eZarMo An|{S>ŠgÀ`m {dH$mamZo d`mÀ`m Ho$di 31 ì`m dfu {ZYZ Pmbo.
~moagabm éOy Pmbobo \$mXa \$m°aob `m§Zr Amnë`m XoemMr godm H$aÊ`mgmR>r n{hë`m _hm`wÕmÀ`m H$mimV \|$M g¡Ý`mV H$m_ Ho$bo hmoVo. _hm`wÕ gwê$ Pmbo Voìhm OJmVrb gd© gj_ \|$M ZmJ[aH$m§Zr g¡Ý`mV ^aVr ìhmdo, Agm \$mÝg gaH$maZo \$Vdm H$mT>bm hmoVm. `m AmdmhZmg hmoH$ma qH$dm ZH$ma XoÊ`mMm {ZU©` qhXwñWmZmVrb {~enm§Zr Amnmnë`m hÔrVrb Y_©Jwê$§da gmondbm hmoVm. `m AmdmhZmg à{VgmX XoD$Z E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoMo qhXwñWmZmVrb H$mhr \|$M Y_©Jwê$ Amnë`m _m`XoemÀ`m g¡Ý`mV XmIbhr Pmbo hmoVo. `m Y_©Jwê$§Zm Amnbr H$m_o H$éZ JaO nS>ob Voìhm g¡Ý`mV Y_©Jwê$nXmÀ`mhr O~m~Xmar gm§^mimdr bmJV Ago.


 ~moaga `oWo \$mXa nmO `m§Zr 1818 gmbr ~m§Yboë`m XodimMm _O~yV nm`m aMbm hmoVm. `m nm`mda XoD$i C^o H$aÊ`mgmR>r \$mXa \$m°aob `m§À`mH$S>o {ZYr ZìhVm. XodimMo ho ~m§YH$m_ Ë`m_wio AmUIr H$mhr df} a|Jmibo. `m aIS>boë`m ~m§YH$m_mgmR>r ~¡OmnyaÀ`m VhgrbXmamMr Zì`mZo nadmZJr KoÊ`mgmR>r Z§Va \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr \$mXa \$m°aob `m§Zm _XV Ho$br. \$mXa \$m°aob `m§Zr 1924 À`m Owb¡V XodimMo ~m§YH$m_ Zì`m CËgmhmZo hmVr KoVbo Am{U AZoH$ AS>rAS>MUtZm Vm|S> XoV XoD$i C^o Ho$bo. ~moagaMo ho XoD$i {~en H$m°nob `m§Zr 19 _mM© 1926 amoOr Amerdm©{XV Ho$bo. Ë`mZ§Va EH$ dfm©V KmoJaJmdÀ`m {¼ñVamOm _§{Xamghr Amerdm©X XoÊ`mV Ambm. àH¥$VrÀ`m H$maUm_wio \$mÝgbm Jobobo \$mXa Om{H$`a _mÌ `m XmoÝhrhr g_ma§^mg CnpñWV ZìhVo.

Tuesday, May 20, 2014

Ghogargaon's Fr Jacquier Preface


KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m
(Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

-------

{~en ES>drZ Hw$bmgmo,
Am¡a§Jm~mX Y‘©àm§V
{~eßg hmD$g,
Am¡a§Jm~mX, 431 002 17 gßQ>|~a 2008

                                                              Om{H$`a~m~m - EH$ AmXe© ì`{º$_Îd


hmS>mMo {‘eZar åhUyZ Á`m§M§ Zmd ‘amR>dmS>çmV Am{U {dX^m©‘Ü`o JmOV§` Vo ’«$mpÝgñH$Z Y‘©Jwê$ ’$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m `m§À`m AmXe© OrdZmMr, H$m`m©Mr d `emMr JmWm H$m{‘b nmaIo `m§À`m boIUrVyZ AmoKdË`m ‘amR>r ^mfoV gmH$ma hmoV Amho. ho nwñVH$ ‘amR>r ^m{fH$m§gmR>r Iyn ‘moR>o daXmZ R>aob `mV e§H$m Zmhr.
Om{H$`a~m~m§M§ Xe©Z ’$mXa ’«$mpÝgg ‘moO|À`m Á`m B§J«Or J«§Wm§‘Ü`o hmoV§ Ë`m 'ìhoJm~m±S>g \$m°a Jm°S>' Am{U 'eo\$S>©g \$m°a ¼mB©ñQ>' `m XmoZ J«§Wm§Mr nmam`U§ ‘r {M{H$ËgH$nUo Ho$br Amho. VgoM H$m{‘b nmaIo `m§À`m BVa boIm§M§ Am{U nwñVH$m§M§ dmMUhr ‘r gË`emoYH$mÀ`m ZOaoZ§ Ho$b§ Amho. `m boIH$mMr {dídgZr`Vm, ew^dV©‘mZmÀ`m KmofUo{df`rMr Ë`m§Mr Vi‘i Am{U Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m à^mdr OrdZm{df`rMm ‘OHy$a dmMH$m§Zm {ZpíMVM ‘§Ì‘w½Y H$arb.
Om{H$`a~m~m EH$ naXoer {‘eZar hmoVo. Ë`m‘wio Ë`m§À`m ‘amR>r ^mfoda ’«|$M Am{U B§J«Or ^mfm§Mm nJS>m AgUmaM. Vo bmoH$m§er g§dmX gmYV AgVmZm, CnXoe H$aV AgVmZm `oWrb ‘mUg§ dma§dma {‘píH$bnUo hgbr AgVrb. na§Vw Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ‘wImVyZ {ZKUmè`m {¼ñVdMZm§Mr N>mn bmoH$m§da nS>br Am{U à^y `oey {¼ñVmMm g§Xoe Ë`m§Zr ñdrH$mabm. `m g§XoemV A§V^w©V Agboë`m ''‘r Ambmo Amho AemgmR>r {H$ ‘mUgm§Zm OrdZ Am{U Vohr {dnwb à‘mUmV àmá ìhmdo'' `m `oeyÀ`m {ZYm©amMr gË`Vm bmoH$m§Zm nQ>br. Ë`m‘wio {‘píH$bnUo hgUmar hr ‘mUg§ OrdZmVrb {d{dY AmìhmZm§er hgVIoiV ‘wH$m~bm H$am`bm V`ma Pmbr. `m H$maUm‘wi§M Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr Ë`m§À`m öX`mV H$m`‘M§ Ka Ho$b§ hr B{VhmgmMr {Od§V gmj Amho.
H$m{‘b nmaIo `m§Zr {b{hbob§ Om{H$`a~m~m§M§ ho M[aÌ AmOÀ`m {¼ñVmÀ`m AZw`m`m§Zm Amnë`m lÜXoV A{dMb amhmÊ`mgmR>r d ew^dV©‘mZm{df`rMr Om{H$`a~m~m§Mr Vi‘i Amnë`m OrdZmV CVa{dÊ`mV àoaH$ R>amo {hM à^yMaUr {dZ‘« àmW©Zm.
{~en ES>drZ Hw$bmgmo



àñVmdZm


\$mXa pñQ>\$Z Aë_oS>m
à_wI Y_©Jwê$, {¼ñVamOm _§{Xa,
_mirKmoJaJmd, _o 2008

{dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m AIoarg \$mÝgÀ`m {H$Zmè`mdê$Z Jw[aEZ Om{H$`a ZmdmMm EH$ \|$M Vê$U hOmamo _¡bm§dê$Z KmoJaJmdmV nmD$b Q>mH$Vmo Am{U nmM XeHo$ ào{fV H$m`© H$ê$Z, BWë`m ^mfoer, g§ñH¥$Vrer EH$ê$n hmoD$Z VoWoM {Ma{ZÐm KoVmo.... ho na_oídamÀ`m BÀN>o{edm` Am{U H¥$no{edm` H$go eŠ` Amho? Zm ^mfm, Zm H$moUr OmVr-Y_m©Mo, Zm H$gbr AmoiI, Zm H$moUr ZmVbJ Zm H$moUr Jmddmbo. Varhr à^yH$m`m©gmR>r àoarV hmoD$Z hm Vê$U _mimoKmoJaJmdmgma»`m XwJ©_ JmdmV `oVmo Am{U ào{fV H$m`© gwê$ H$ê$Z nmM XeH$m§V {_eZH$m`m©Mm _im \w$b{dVmo, hm EH$ M_ËH$ma Zmhr Va H$m`? na_oídamMr _mirKmoJaJmdmda {deof Ñï>r Agbr nm{hOo åhUyZ Va ho KS>bo. hm \|$M Vê$U à^y `oey {¼ñVmMr gmj XoV `m n[agamV qhS>bm Am{U Amnë`m d¥ÜXmnH$mimV BWë`mM _mVrV {dgmdUo Ë`mZo ng§V Ho$bo. AmO `m {_eZarÀ`m nmM XeH$m§À`m ào{fVH$m`m©Mm {dMma H$aVmZm Amnbo _Z à^yÀ`m AX²>^wV gm_Ï`m©nwT>o {dZ_« hmoVo. {¼ñVmdarb lÜXm H$m` M_ËH$ma KS>dy eH$Vo `mMr àMrVr `oVo.
_mirKmoJaJmdmgmR>r Om{H$`a~m~m ho OUy YÝ`dm{XV Zmd Amho. Ë`m§Zr BWë`m hOmamo bmoH$m§Zm à^y `oey {IñVmÀ`m H$inmV AmUbo. AmOhr `m bmoH$m§À`m _ZmV Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ñ_¥VrÀ`m Á`moVr VodV AmhoV. Iè`m AWm©Zo Om{H$`a~m~m _mirKmoJaJmd {_eZMo ^m½`{dYmVo AmhoV. Ë`m§Zr Oo ~r noabo Ë`mMm AmO gw§Xa _im Pmbm Amho. Ë`m§Zr Oo noabo Vo AmO ^aKmog {nH$bo Amho. Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømÀ`m J§Jmnya Am{U d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`m§Vrb àË`oH$ {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~m§V Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm _moR>çm lÜXoMo ñWmZ Amho. \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr EH${dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m Mma XeH$m§V `m J«m_rU ^mJmV H$Yr KmoS>çmda ñdma hmoD$Z, H$Yr ~¡bJmS>rZo Va H$Yr KmoS>mJmS>rZo àdmg H$arV {¼ñVmÀ`m VmaUmMr gwdmVm© gm§{JVbr. Ë`m§À`m ñnem©Zo nmdZ Pmbobr Vr KmoS>mJmS>r `m JmdmV AmOhr lÜXoZo OnyZ R>odÊ`mV Ambr Amho.
Ë`mH$mimV _mirKmoJaJmd ZmJnya Y_©àm§VmV g_m{dï> hmoVo. {S>g|~a 1977 bm nmon nm°b ghmdo `m§À`m AmXoemZwgma Am¡a§Jm~mX Y_©àm§VmMr ñWmnZm Pmbr. {~en S>m°_{ZH$ Am{~«`mo `m§Mr `m Y_©àm§VmMo n{hbo _hmJwéñdm_r åhUyZ Zo_UyH$ Pmbr. AmO Am¡a§Jm~mX Y_©àm§VmMo ñdê$n ~Xbbo AgyZ à^yÀ`m H¥$noZo Y_©àm§VmMm gd© ~m~VrV {dH$mg hmoV Amho. {ejU, Amamo½`godm `m joÌm§V _moR>m {dñVma Pmbm Amho. _mirKmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmVyZ AmO ~moaga, d¡Omnya, dmhoJmd, J§Jmnya Am{U H$ÞS> hr ñdV§Ì Y_©J«m_o C^r am{hbr AmhoV. `m gd© Y_©J«m_m§Mr nm`m^aUr \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m `m§ZrM Ho$br Amho. Ë`m§Zr Anma lÕoZo Am{U H$ï>mZo Ho$boë`m noaUrVyZ AmO hm _im \w$bbm Amho.
nÌH$ma H$m{_b nmaIo `m§Zr \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§da ho nwñVH$ {bhÿZ \$ma _moR>o H$m`© Ho$bo Amho. Zì`m {nT>rbm Om{H$`a~m~m§Mm AJXr OdiyZ n[aM` `m nwñVH$m_wio hmoV amhrb. Aem àH$maMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {_eZ H$m`© gm§JUmam M[aÌdOm hm n{hbmM J«§W Amho. Am¡a§Jm~mX Y_©àm§VmÀ`m B{VhmgmÀ`m Ñï>rZohr hm J«§W EH$ _mobmMm Eo{Vhm{gH$ XñVEodO R>aUma Amho.
`m J«§WmMo AmUIr EH$ AmJiodoJio _hÎd Amho, Vo åhUOo `m M[aÌmVyZ Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m µH$mimVrb VgoM ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimVrb gm_m{OH$ n[apñWVrMo Xe©Z KS>Vo. VgoM H°$Wmo{bH$ MM©Zo `m n[agamV nm`m^yV ñdê$nmMo \$ma _moR>o H$m`© Ho$bo Amho ho bjmV `oVo. Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr VËH$mbrZ Añn¥í`Vobm AmìhmZ {Xbo hmoVo, ho Va \$maM {MÎmdoYH$ Amho. boIH$ ZwgVo Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo M[aÌboIH$ Pmbo ZgyZ MM©À`m B{VhmgmMoM boIH$ Pmbo AmhoV. ho nwñVH$ Aä`mgë`mIoarO Am¡a§Jm~mX Y_©àm§VmMm B{Vhmg g_OyZ KoVm `oUma Zmhr. boIH$ nmaIo `m§Zr \$maM _mobmMo H$m_ Ho$bo Amho. `m _m¡{bH$ nwñVH$mbm àñVmdZm {b{hÊ`mMr g§Yr _bm {_imbr ho _r _mPo ^m½` g_OVmo. `mMo H$maU H$s, _mirKmoJaJmd `oWrb à_wI Y_©Jwê$ åhUOoM \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Mm CÎmam{YH$mar `m ZmË`mZo hr àñVmdZm _r {b{hV Amho.
ho nwñVH$ AË`§V dmMZr` Amho, Ë`mhÿZ Vo A{YH$ _ZZr` Am{U qMVZr` Pmbo Amho. `m nwñVH$mÀ`m AZwH«$_{UHo$da ZOa Q>mH$br Varhr boIH$mZo ho nwñVH$ {bhm`bm {H$Vr H$ï> KoVbo AmhoV Am{U _moR>çm ì`mg§JmZo, Aä`mg H$ê$Z Vo {b{hbo Amho ho bjmV `oVo. à^y `oey {¼ñVmdarb lÕoÀ`m gm_Ï`m©da Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr AZoH$ g§H$Q>m§Zm Vm|S> {Xbo, gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$ g_ñ`m§VyZ _mJ© H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r bmoH$m§Zm Ë`m§Zr _XV Ho$br. hgè`m Mohoè`mZo KmoS>mJmS>rVyZ Yra Úm`bm, _XVrMm hmV Úm`bm `oUmè`m Om{H$`a~m~m§Mr AmoiI `m nwñVH$mVyZ hmoVo.
Jwê$XrjoÀ`m nÝZmgmì`m dYm©nZm{Z{_Îm `m n[agamVrb JmdH$è`m§Zr Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm _mZnÌ {Xbo Ë`m KQ>ZoMo ^mdnyU© dU©Z `m nwñVH$mV Amho. Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m _hm{Zdm©UmMr KQ>Zm dmMVmZm _Z hobmdyZ OmVo, à^ynwT>o lÕoZo _mZ bdVo. boIH$mZo AË`§V AmoKdË`m e¡brV ho nwñVH$ {b{hbo Amho.
M[aÌboIH$mZo EH$m {R>H$mUr åhQ>bo Amho H$s bmoH$m§À`m Ñï>rZo _mirKmoJaJmdMo ào{fV Agboë`m Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr g§VnX H$YrM àmá Ho$bo Amho. hOmamo ^m{dH$m§À`m _ZmV Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo ñWmZ ho AmXaUr` g§VmMoM Amho. g§H$Q>H$mir ho bmoH$ `m 'g§Vm'Mr AmR>dU H$aVmV. `oWrb `mÌoV _moR>çm g§»`oZo gh^mJr hmoVmV.
{¼ñVr ^m{dH$ VgoM {¼ñVrVa dmMH$hr _mirKmoJaJmdÀ`m `m ào{fVmÀ`m M[aÌmMo ñdmJV H$aVrb Agm _mPm {dídmg Amho. ho nwñVH$ dmMVmZm AmnU MM©_Ü`o {_ñgmÀ`m doir JmVmo Vo JrV AmR>dVo, ''à^yMo Pmbo ~hþ CnH$ma, hmoD$ H$gm _r CVamB©?''



AZwH«$_{UH$m

àñVmdZm-  
i)  {~en ES>{dZ Hw$bmgmo, Am¡a§Jm~mX Y_©àm§V
ii) \$mXa _m[a`mo {S>gmoPm- E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoÀ`m nwUo àm§VmMo à_wI
iii) \$mXa pñQ>\$Z Aë_oS>m, KmoJaJmdÀ`m {¼ñVamOm _§{XamMo Y_©Jwê$

1)) Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ñ_¥VtZm COmim
2) \$mÝg_YyZ KmoJaJmdmV 
3) noaUrMm H$mi
4) JmdHw$gmVrb, JmdHw$gm~mhoaMo OJ
5) h¡Xam~mXÀ`m {ZOm_ g§ñWmZmV {¼ñVr Y_m©Mo AmJ_Z
6) \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo ì`{º$_Îd
7) {_eZH$m_mV, IoSw>Vm§_Ü`o a_bobo \$mXa Om{H$`a 
8) nrH$ \$ma, eoV_Oya H$_r - bmohJmd- {~S>{H$Z Y_©J«m_
9) ~moaga {_eZ H|$ÐmMr C^maUr
10) _hm`wÕH$mimV µJmoXmdar Amobm§Sy>Z Ah_XZJa {OëømV
11) amhmVm `oWrb ào{fVH$m`©
12) amhmVm, g§J_Zoa, H|$Xi `oWrb gm_m{OH$ pñWVr
13) XwîH$mim_wio bmoH$m§Mo hmb
14) \$m.Om{H$`a, \$m. ~oO} `m§À`m _XVr~Ôb \$m. ew{~Ja `m§Mr H¥$VkVm 15) KmoJaJmdmVrb {¼ñVamOm _§{XamMo ~m§YH$m_
16) Añn¥í`VoÀ`m àWog Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo AmìhmZ
17) V_mg{Jam§Mo b¡{µJH$, gm_m{OH$ emofU Am{U Om{H$`a~m~m
18) Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {eî`, n{hbo _hmamï´>r`Z Y_©Jwê$, \$m. _moÝVoamo
19)) {dX^m©Vrb n{hbo Ym{_©H$ nmMmaU - ~«Xa n°{Q´>H$ Vm`S>o
20) CVmad`mVrb {_eZ H$m`©
21) Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm JmdH$è`m§H$Sy>Z _mZnÌ 
22) {Ma{dlm§Vr 
23) KmoJaJmdÀ`m XmoZ gwnwÌm§Mr Jwê${Xjm 
24) KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmMm {dñVma, {d^mOZ Am{U AmOMr pñWVr