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Wednesday, April 6, 2022

 `टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया'तली पान एकची पहिली बायलाईन

टाइम्स ऑफ इंडियाने २००० साली पुण्यात नव्यानेच स्वतंत्र आवृत्ती सुरु केल्यानंतर तेथे महाराष्ट्र पानाची जबाबदारी सांभाळण्यासाठी `इंडियन एक्सप्रेस'मधून माझी निवड करण्यात आली होती. अभय वैद्य आणि निवासी संपादक शेरना गांधी यांनी माझी यासाठी निवड केली होती. अहमदनगर जिल्हा म्हणजे अहमदनगर, शिर्डी आणि श्रीरामपूर वगैरे परिसरात आणि सोलापूर, सातारा, कोल्हापूर आणि सांगली जिल्ह्यांत पोहोचणाऱ्या या खास म्हाफुसिल आवृत्तीतील महाराष्ट्र पान असलेल्या पान दोनला सर्व मजकूर पुरवण्याची माझी जबाबदारी होती.

टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया'च्या जुळ्या भावंडाच्या म्हणजे `महाराष्ट्र टाइम्स'च्या पश्चिम महाराष्ट्रातील स्थानिक बातमीदारांनी फॅक्सवर पाठवलेल्या मराठी बातम्यांचे मी भाषांतर करुन आणि वृत्तसंस्थांच्या बातम्यांनी हे पूर्ण पान भरले जायचे. सांगलीचे रविंद्र दफतरदार, कोल्हापुरचे प्रभाकर कुलकर्णी, सोलापूरचे रजनीश जोशी आणि शिर्डीचे ताराचंद म्हस्के यांच्याकडून रोज बातम्यांचा रतीब यायचा.
अधूनमधून मी स्वतंत्र म्हणजे माझ्या बायलाईनच्या बातम्याही लिहित असायचो.
तर त्यादिवशी मी माझा एक मजकूर न्यूज डेस्ककडे सोपवून झाल्यावर ''पान दोनसाठी एडिटिंग करण्यासाठी अजूनही काहीच स्टोऱ्या नाही'' असे आपले दोन्ही हात वर उंचावून उपसंपादक संजय पेंडसे याने मोठ्याने सांगितले. मी त्याच्याकडे प्रश्नार्थक नजरेने पाहिले असता माझा तो मजकूर आतल्या पानासाठी नसून पान एकच्या अँकरची ती बातमी आहे असे तो म्हणाला.
''बातमीचा पहिला पॅरा वाचताच ती पान एकचे मॅटर आहे हे कळाले , इट इज अ पेज वन मटेरियल ! पण एडिट मिटिंगमध्ये काय होते ते पाहू,'' असे तो म्ह्टल्यावर पान दोनसाठी मी दुसरे मजकूर तयार करू लागलो.
पत्रकारितेत तोपर्यंत दोन तपांहून अधिक काळ घातलेले असल्याने मी मनातल्या मनात संजय पेंडसेच्या न्यूज सेन्सबद्दल कौतुक केले.
आणि अखेर संजय म्हणाला होता तसेच झाले. 'टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया'मध्ये दाखल झाल्यानंतर पान एकवर प्रसिद्ध झालेली माझी ती पहिली बातमी.
त्याकाळात टाइम्स ऑफ इंडियात डेस्कवर काम करणाऱ्या उपसंपादकाने व इतरांनी पान एकसाठी बायलाईनची बातमी लिहिल्यास उत्तेजनार्थ वाढिव दिडशे रुपये पगारासोबत मिळायचे. शिवाय फोटोसाठी पन्नास रुपये वेगळे ! या वाढिव मानधनाऐवजी टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया'च्या पान एकवर बायलाईनची बातमी छापून येण्याचे अधिक अप्रूप होते.
काय होती ती पान एकची बातमी ?
Marathi monthly Niropya enters 100th year
Camil Parkhe,TNN | Dec 26, 2002
''पुणे: एका जर्मन जेसुईट फादरांनी अहमदनगर जिल्ह्यातील एका आडवळणाच्या खेड्यात - राहुरीजवळच्या वळण या गावात - १९०३ साली सुरु केलेल्या मराठी मासिकाने 'निरोप्या'ने आज मराठी नियतकालिकांत एक वैशिष्ठपूर्ण स्थान मिळविले आहे. पुणे शहरातून प्रकाशित होत असलेले हे मासिक शतक पूर्ण केलेल्या मराठीतील काही अगदी मोजक्या नियतकालिकांपैकी आहे.
या मासिकाचे संस्थापक-संपादक फादर हेन्री डोरींग यांची नंतर पुण्याचे बिशप आणि काही काळ जपानमधील हिरोशिमा शहरात व्हिकर अपोस्तोलिक म्हणून नेमणूक झाली होती.''
टाइम्स ऑफ इंडियाच्या पुणे आवृत्तीत २६ डिसेंबर २००२च्या अंकात म्हणजे ख्रिसमसच्या दुसऱ्या दिवशी ही बातमी प्रसिद्ध झाली. टाइम्सच्या आर्किव्हमधून आजही ही बातमी वाचता येते.
या बातमीबरोबर बिशपमहोदयांचा अर्धा कॉलम रंगीत फोटोही छापण्यात आला होता. टाइम्स ऑफ इंडियाने पान एक आणि शेवटचे पान रंगीत छापण्यास त्यावेळी नुकतीच सुरुवात केली होती.
( माझ्या इतर बायलाईनच्या अनेक बातम्यांप्रमाणे याही बातमीचे कात्रण मी आजही जपून ठेवले आहे. इतरांच्या दृष्टीने ही जीर्ण झालेली कात्रणे तद्दन रद्दी असली तरी फ्लॅटच्या माळ्यावर मी ती ठेवली आहेत. )
वृत्तपत्रीय जगतात विविध पानांच्या पानांच्या वेगवेगळ्या ढंगात लिहिल्या जातात. त्यातही कुठली बातमी आपल्या वाचकांना आवडेल याचे काही खास निकष असतात. उदाहरणार्थ, व्हॅलेंटाईन डे निमित्त पुणे जिल्ह्यातील मावळ तालुक्यात होणाऱ्या गुलाबाच्या उत्पादनाची आणि युरोपला निर्यात होणाऱ्या फुलांच्या मी दिलेल्या बातम्या दरवर्षी महाराष्ट्र हेराल्ड- नंतर सकाळ टाइम्स या इंग्रजी दैनिकात कायम पान एकवर अँकर म्हणून वापरल्या जातात. या काळात दैनिकाचे संपादक बदलले तरी व्हॅलेंटाईन डे च्या विशिष्ट शैलीत लिहिलेल्या ह्या बातम्या पान एकवरच अँकरच्या जागा पटकावत असत !
टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया'त त्या दिवशी पान एकवर छापून आलेल्या माझ्या त्या पहिल्या बायलाईनचे कारण म्हणजे जर्मन असलेल्या बिशप डोरींग यांचे मराठी पत्रकारितेतील आणि मराठी भाषेतील महत्त्वाचे योगदान.
'निरोप्या' या मासिकाने मराठीतल्या अजूनही हयात असलेल्या नियतकालिकांत अगदी वरचा क्रमांक मिळवलेला आहे.
मराठी पत्रकारितेचा इतिहास १८३२ साली बाळशास्त्री जांभेकरांनी सुरु केलेल्या `दर्पण' पासून सुरु होतो. त्यानंतर सुरु झालेली अनेक मराठी नियतकालिके अल्पजीवी ठरली. शतकायुषी असून आजही प्रसिद्ध होणाऱ्या काही मोजक्या मराठी नियतकालिकांत १८८१ सालापासून लोकमान्य टिळकांच्या 'केसरी' चा समावेश होतो. मात्र यापैकी बहुतेक नियतकालिके ऑक्सिजन वा व्हेंटिलेटरवर तग धरुन आहेत.
या एप्रिल २०२२ महिन्यात निरोप्याने ११९ वर्षे पूर्ण करुन १२० व्या वर्षांत पदार्पण केले आहे. या मासिकाच्या रंगीत पानभर जाहिराती पाहून या नियतकालिकाने आर्थिकदृष्ट्या चांगलेच बाळसे धरले आहे येऊ लक्षात येते.
स्थापनेपासून म्हणजे १९०३ पासून 'निरोप्या' हे मासिक सोसायटी ऑफ जिझस (जेसुईट्स) वा येशूसंघीय फादरांच्या संस्थेतर्फे चालविले जाते. पुण्याचे दुसरे बिशप म्हणून डोरींग यांची १९०७ साली नेमणूक झाल्यावर हे मासिक पुण्यातून प्रसिद्ध होऊ लागले. पोपमहाशयांना भेटण्यासाठी बिशप डोरींग रोमला गेले आणि पहिले महायुद्ध सुरु झाले. ते जर्मन असल्यामुळे ब्रिटिश भारतात त्यांचे परतणे अवघड झाले. कारण जर्मनी व इंग्लंड ही शत्रुराष्ट्रे होती. याकाळात डोरींग यांची जपानमध्ये हिरोशिमाचे आर्चबिशप पदावर व्हिकर अपोस्तोलिक म्हणून नेमणूक झाली. आता त्यांना आर्चबिशप पदावर बढती मिळाली होती. त्यांच्या अनुपस्थितीत `निरोप्या'चे प्रकाशन थांबले.
महायुद्धाच्या समाप्तीनंतर डोरींग आपल्या कर्मभूमीत पुण्याला १९२६ साली परतले. पुणे धर्मप्रांत मुंबई-नागपूरप्रमाणे आर्चडायोसिस नसला तरी त्यांचे आर्चबिशप हे वैयक्तिक सन्मानपद म्हणून कायम राहिले. वसईचे सद्याचे प्रमुख आर्चबिशप फेलिक्स मच्याडो यांच्याबाबतीत असेच आहे, नाशिक धर्मप्रांताचें बिशप म्हणून नेमणूक होण्याआधीच व्हॅटिकन सिटीत असताना त्यांना आर्चबिशप पद मिळाले होते, ते पद आता कायम राहिले आहे
आर्चबिशप डोरींग यांनी याकाळात बंद पडलेल्या आणि आपले अपत्य असलेल्या ‘निरोप्या’ मासिकाचे १९२७ साली पुनरुज्जीवन केलं. तेव्हापासून आजतागायत ‘निरोप्या’चं प्रकाशन (अलिकडचा कोरोना काळाचा अपवाद वगळता) अखंडितपणे चालू आहे.
पुण्यातल्या रामवाडी इथल्या आंतरराष्ट्रीय पातळीवरच्या पेपल सेमिनरीचे रेक्टर असलेले फादर भाऊसाहेब संसारे हे जेसुईट धर्मगुरु निरोप्याचे आताचे संपादक आहेत. नारायण पेठेत स्नेहसदन येथे निरोप्याचे कार्यालय आहे.
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ब्रिटिश जेसुईट फादर थॉमस स्टीफन्स लिखित महाकाव्य 'ख्रिस्तपुराण' हे मराठीतील पहिलेवहिले मुद्रित साहित्य. हे मराठी महाकाव्य पोर्तुगीजांच्या ताब्यातील गोव्यात १६०४ साली रोमन लिपीत छापले गेले, कारण त्यावेळी देवनागरी छपाई साठी लागणारे तंत्रज्ञान विकसित झाले नव्हते. या 'ख्रिस्तपुराणा'तील काही भाग रोमन लिपीतून देवनागरी लिपीत छापण्याचे श्रेय आर्चबिशप डोरींग यांच्याकडेच जाते.
मात्र संपूर्ण ख्रिस्तपुराण रोमन लिपीतून देवनागरीत आणण्यास १९५६ साल उजाडले. लिप्यांतराचे हे महत्त्वाचे काम अहमदनगरच्या प्राध्यापक शांताराम बंडेलू यांनी आणि पुण्याच्या य. गो. जोशींच्या `प्रसाद प्रकाशना'ने केले.
निवृत्त आर्चबिशप डोरींग यांचे १९५१ साली वयाच्या ९४ व्या वर्षी निधन झाले. त्यांची कबर वा समाधी पुण्यातील सेंट पॅट्रिक कॅथेड्रलच्या अल्तारापाशी म्हणजे वेदीपाशी आजही आहे. चर्च किंवा कॅथेड्रल मध्ये समाधीचा हा मान हा फक्त बिशप, कार्डिनल अशा वरीष्ठ धर्माचार्यांनाच मिळतो.
व्हॅटिकन सिटीतले सेंट पिटर्स बॅसिलिका ही पहिले पोप आणि येशू ख्रिस्ताच्या बारा शिष्यांपैकी एक असलेल्या सेंट पिटर याच्या कबरीवर बांधली आहे. या चर्चच्या भव्य संग्रहालयातच अनेक पोप चिरनिद्रा घेत आहेत,. या भव्यदिव्य सेंट पिटर्स बॅसिलिकाला भेट देण्याचा मला योग आला याचा आजही आनंद वाटतो
आर्चबिशप डोरींग यांच्या समाधीवरील शिलालेख आर्चबिशपांच्या विविध क्षेत्रातील कामगिरीविषयी माहिती देतोो. परंतु,`निरोप्या'चे संस्थापक-संपादक म्हणून अथवा मराठी पत्रकारितेतील त्यांच्या योगदानाबद्द्ल ह्या शिलालेखात उल्लेख नाही.
मी लिहिलेल्या `ख्रिस्ती मिशनरीचे योगदान' या मराठी (सुगावा प्रकाशन ) आणि इंग्रजी (गुजरात साहित्य प्रकाश - २००३) या पुस्तकात आर्चबिशप हेन्री डोरींग यांच्यावर एक प्रकरण आहे.
आणि आता ही मन कि बात .
निरोप्या'विषयी मला विशेष आत्मियता असण्याचे एक कारण म्हणजे माझा पहिला लेख आणि पहिली बायलाईन याच मासिकात १९७० च्या दशकात मी श्रीरामपुरात शाळेत शिकत असताना प्रसिद्ध झाली. वि स. खांडेकरांच्या 'ययाती' कादंबरीच्या रुपाने मराठी भाषेला पहिला ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार मिळाला, त्याविषयी १९७४ साली `निरोप्या'त माझा पन्नासेक शब्दांचा लेख प्रसिद्ध झाला, ती माझी पहिली बायलाईन.
त्यावेळी भविष्यात पत्रकार म्हणून लिखाण हाच माझा पोटापाण्याचा व्यवसाय असेल याची मी कल्पनाही केली नव्हती.

Tuesday, April 12, 2016

Preface ‘Contribution of Christian Missionaries in India’

‘Contribution of Christian Missionaries in India’
Written by Camil Parkhe
Published by Gujarat Sahitya Prakash,
Post Box No 70, Anand, 388 001
Gujarat, India

Foreword byAnosh Malekar
Assistant Editor,
The Indian Express (Pune edition)


Email: booksgsp@gmail.com
First Published in 2007

ISBN 978 81 8937 36 2



PREFACE
by Author Camil parkhe

I was introduced to the missionary way of life for the first time when I was a primary school student. I was then studying in third standard in St. Teresa Boys School at Haregaon in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra. In the 1960s, European priests were working in most of the mission centres in Ahmednagar district, as was the case in other parts of India. Most of these European priests were in their middle ages. Fr. Hubert Sixt, a strict disciplinarian, was the head of this rural primary school and Fr. Richard Wasserer was the local parish priest. Their personalities and nature differed. Children from the school and the hostel were friendly with Fr. Wasserer who was slightly elder among the two.

St. Teresa Boys School in those days was housed in rows of rooms with tiled roofs and small verandah. The local parish also owned a farm where a water tank was just constructed. Every morning, all of us staying at the school hostel would attend the holy mass in the church. The school would open at around 7.30 a m. Fr. Wasserer would take us hostelites to the water tank for a swim before the break of the dawn. Water was of course used to be warm at that time. Most of us hostelites took their first lessons in swimming there. Fr. Wasserer would help us to overcome the fear of water. Once when such swimming session was in progress, one of the walls of the tank got washed away and water gushed out, along with the children and the priest. Fortunately nobody was hurt.

The personality of Fr. Sixt was altogether different. The school students and hostelites were scared of this priest who had a German shepherd as his pet. However when any of the hostelites fell ill or got injured while playing, they would experience the care and affection of this priest. Fr. Sixt, a German who was drafted into the Nazi Medical Corps during the Second World War would personally examine the boys and give them medicines. If required, he also used to administer injections. The children dreaded the burning sensation experienced while applying iodine on fresh bleeding wounds or the injection needle. I think this fear had contributed to a great extent in creating fear about Fr. Sixt in our minds.

My two elder brothers were also in the same school and hostel. Children from nearby Ekwadi, Donwadi, Teenwadi (Wadi means hamlet in Marathi) and Undirgaon studied in the school. The lodging and boarding fee per hostelite was Rs five per month. Nonetheless, many of the parents found it difficult to pay even this small fee in time. However, Fr Sixt never admonished or expelled any hostelite for not paying the fees.

Today, Christian priests and nuns are running schools in several towns and villages of Ahmednagar district and also in the neighbouring Pune, Aurangabad, Nashik and Beed districts. But during those days, a large number of local Christian students from Shrirampur, Rahuri and neighbouring talukas in the district completed primary education in St. Teresa schools for Boys and Girls at Haregaon and shifted to Dnyanmata School and St. Mary's School at Sangamner in the same district for the secondary education.

At both places, they were accommodated in the hostels. Poverty was the major reason why people kept their children in these hostels. Besides, most of these students would have not continued their education had they remained with their families in the villages. The atmosphere in their families or villages was not education-friendly. The entire Catholic mission centres in Ahmednagar district then were founded and run by the Jesuits, the priests belonging the Society of Jesus.
Ahmednagar and Aurangabad districts are among the areas in Maharashtra where there is a sizeable number of Christians - Catholics and Protestants. The grandparents or great grandparents of these people had embraced Christianity in the 19th century.
After appearing for the matriculation examination from Dnyanmata or even before that, many students used to join St. Joseph Technical Institute in Pune, which was also run by the Jesuits. Fr Ivo Meyer who founded the St Luke's Hospital (also called as German Hospital) in Shrirampur was later director at this institute. The students who hailed from outside Pune stayed in the institute's hostel and acquired diplomas in various courses like turner, fitter, and wireman. The institute during those days provided trained skilled workmen to Pune’s reputed industrial units including the Tata Motors, Bajaj Auto and Greaves. Most of these students were interviewed at the St Joseph institute's campus itself and recruited by these companies for various posts.

These young Christians whose parents or grandparents were erstwhile dalits (belonging to the erstwhile untouchable communities) and had no social or financial capabilities to take up graduation or post graduation courses. The Haregaon-Sangamner-Pune route proved very beneficial to these youngsters and their community as it led to their social and economical upward mobility. The number of Christian youths from Ahmednagar district who took this route is enormous. This path was followed by at least two generations. The financial status of the Christian families from Ahmednagar district, which migrated to Pune in search of greener pastures in this manner, is far better than those who lived behind.

This progress was possible only due to financial and psychological support offered by the missionaries to this otherwise neglected community. Although before their conversion, these Christians belonged to the erstwhile untouchable Mahar and other castes, they have been deprived of their right to reservations for education and jobs due to their conversion to Christianity. Ironically, reservations and other benefits are extended to their dalit family members and other relatives who embrace either Buddhism or Sikhism and others who have continued to be Hindus.

With their limited resources, missionaries have enabled this community to be self-reliant and succeeded in granting them social status. Jesus Christ has said that ‘Man does not live by bread alone’ but these missionaries made efforts to ensure that this poor community secured their bread as well. A majority of Christians in India belong to the erstwhile Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. I have referred to the example of the missionary work in Ahmednagar district only to illustrate the contribution of Christian missionaries to the progress of the underprivileged sections of society. The missionaries have given a similar helping hand to economically and socially backward Christians and also others in different parts of India.

There are thousands of schools, colleges, hospitals, dispensaries, orphanages and other institutions run by Christian missionaries in India. A large number of persons belonging to the so-called cream of the society and working in various fields are the alumni of these Christian institutions. A majority of the beneficiaries of all these institutions are, of course, non-Christians. The reason being, these institutions are open to persons of all religions and castes. The Christians studying in a majority of these institutions may be hardly one or two per cent. The alumni of these institutions include the present President of India, Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam and several veterans from different walks of life.

The contribution made by Christian missionaries especially in the educational and social fields is noteworthy. It is often alleged that Christian missionaries make use of these institutions to lure or compel the students and others to convert to Christianity. The millions of non-Christians who have been educated in the missionary educational institutions and others who have availed of services in other Christian institutions only can vouch whether the allegation holds good. If the allegation were true, the number of Christians in the country would have increased manifold during the past century.
Missionaries offered free education and medical services in remote parts of the country both before and after Independence. They have never taken into consideration the caste or religion of the beneficiaries. The term ‘missionary spirit’ now has become synonymous to selfless and dedicated service even in Indian languages.

While carrying out their routine work, the Christian missionaries in the past five centuries have contributed a great deal simultaneously in the fields of literature, social awakening, education and medical services in various States. This book however refers to the life and work of only a few missionaries. There are also many missionaries who have now gone into oblivion despite rendering great service to society. A majority of these European who toiled in the drought-prone Ahmednagar district for several years have found the final resting place at the cemetery in Sangamner town. A souvenir released by the Nashik diocese to commemorate the 150 years of evangelisation by German Jesuits in western India contained the list of Catholic priests and nuns who worked at these mission centres. Fr Joe Ubelmesser from Germany who said that he was adding the list to the German Jesuits archives in his message had rightly said that 'sometimes the cemeteries are containing more history than many books.'

While doing research on this project, I have learnt about the commendable service given by several Catholic and Protestant missionaries. My only regret is that it was not possible to write about all of them in this small book.

Camil Parkhe

April 2007

Tuesday, November 18, 2014

Pater Matthew R. Lederle (German article on Fr Lederle )

Pater Matthew R. Lederle






Camil Parkhe, M.A.
Journalist
Pune, India

(Translation: Dr Ajit Lokhande)

Es geschah im Jahr 1966. Anlässlich des Geburtstages vom heiligen Tukaram (ein verehrter Bhakti Mystiker des 17. Jh. aus dem Bundesland Maharashtra.) war die feierliche Präsentation seiner Schriften geplant. Der Präsident des Landesparlaments, Balasaheb Bharde, hatte den Vorsitz der Feierlichkeiten. Balasaheb Bharde war zwar in der Politik tätig, war aber zugleich ein erstklassiger Kirtankar (Sänger der Psalmen der Hindu Heiligen) und eine Autorität auf dem Bereich der Bhakti-Literatur (Bhakti ist die populärste Richtung im Hinduismus.)

... Und nun wird Herr Pater Matthew Lederle über die Psalmen vom heiligen Tukaram sprechen“ wurde von dem Hauptorganisator der Feier angekündigt. Eine Person aus Europa stand auf um zu reden. Er war typisch mit indischem Kurta und Payjama (indisches Hemd und Hose) bekleidet. Die versammelte Hörerschaft war überzeugt, daß der deutsche Redner über den heiligen Tukaram sicherlich in Englisch sprechen würde.

Pater Lederle sprach kurz, aber fließend in Marathi. Er erläuterte in Marathi die wunderbare Zeile von Tukaram: „Shevatacha Dis god asava“ (Möge der letzte Tag in angenehmer Erinnerung bleiben). Die versammelten Zuhörer waren völlig platt.

Möge der letzte Tag in angenehmer Erinnerung bleiben, hat der heilige Tukaram gesagt. Dies ist auch mein Gebet. Wenn ich in den Himmel komme, werde ich bestimmt den heiligen Tukaram treffen und dann werde ich ihn bitten, diese Zeile für mich mit seiner wunderschönen Stimme zu singen. Ich bin voll begeistert von den Psalmen des heiligen Tukaram.“ Das besondere war, daß diese Person, die den heiligen Tukaram bis in den Himmel lobte, nicht nur ein gebürtiger Deutsche war, sondern er war auch ein katholischer Priester. Wegen seiner Lobeshymne auf Tukaram waren die bei der Feierlichkeit anwesenden Zuhörer sehr neugierig geworden, wer diese Person sei, die in die Bhakti-Literatur so verliebt ist. Zweifelsohne liebte Pater Lederle nicht nur Tukaram, sondern auch andere Bhakti Heilige wie Dnyanadeva, Namdeo u.a. Eine außerordentliche Persönlichkeit, und auch wenn von Geburt aus Deutscher, war er in der indischen Kultur zu Hause.

Sein wunderschönes Aussehen, das in typisch indischer Kleidung noch bezaubernder wirkte, die glänzenden Augen, eingerahmt mit der dünnen Brillenfassung und ein einladendes Lächeln, waren auffallende Merkmale von Pater Lederle. Seine Person und seine Arbeit hat jeden Besucher vom Snehasadan begeistert. Daß jeder studierte Mensch in einer Weltstadt die englische Sprache für seine offizielle Arbeit oder auch für Alltagsangelegenheiten benutzt, ist eine allgemein festgestellte Tatsache. Pater Lederle allerdings war eine Ausnahme. Wenn ein Gast oder Besucher ihn mit „Good Morning“ oder „Hello“ begrüßte, wurde der Gast mit gefalteten Händen mit dem Gruß „Namaskar“ zurück gegrüßt. Es war selbstverständlich, daß ein Gespräch mit ihm in Marathi lief. Unsere Erfahrung ist, daß ein Mensch aus Maharashtra keineswegs in Marathi mit jemandem spricht, der nicht aus Maharashtra kommt. Wenn jemand mit Pater Lederle lange in Englisch sprach, sagte Pater Lederle freundlich, „Sie sprechen doch Marathi, oder? Dann reden wir lieber in Marathi“. Dies war sicherlich ein Element seines Ideals oder Vorhabens, mit Menschen in engen Kontakt zu kommen im Kontext des interreligiösen Dialogs.

Die Persönlichkeit von Pater Lederle, der durch seinen Lebensstil und seine Arbeit bei den Menschen um sich herum eine Begeisterung auslöste, war einzigartig. Genau so einzigartig war auch die Form und die Tätigkeit in seinem am Ufer des Mutha Flusses stehenden Hauses Snehasadan. Pater Lederle verbrachte fünfundzwanzig Jahre in seinem Snehasadan im gedrängten Stadtteil Shanivar Peth, im Zentrum der Stadt Pune und arbeitete für den Gedankenaustausch unter Menschen verschiedener Glaubenszugehörigkeiten und Institutionen verschiedener Denkmodelle.

Pater Lederle wurde am 13 März 1926 in Deutschland geboren. Jeder junge Mann musste einige Zeit im Militärdienst verbringen. Auch wenn die Lederle Familie gegen die Nazi Ideologie war, musste Matthew Lederle in der Hitler Diktatur sich bei der Armee melden. Es war Krieg und Matthew musste als Soldat Nazi Deutschlands gegen die Alliierten unter der Führung der Vereinigten Staaten kämpfen. In seiner Kompanie waren 85 Soldaten. Deutschland verlor den Krieg, Hitler brachte sich um. In der Kompanie von Lederle blieben nur zwei Soldaten am Leben; er war einer.

Matthew Lederle wurde Kriegsgefangener. Sein erster Versuch, aus dem Gefangenenlager zu fliehen, ist fehlgeschlagen. Das zweite Mal aber hatte er Erfolg. Er verschwand aus dem Lager und schwamm in der Kälte des Winters durch den Fluss Elbe und erreichte das andere Ufer. In Zivilkleidung gelangte er nach Hause. Der hoch begabte junge Mann hätte leicht eine hohe weltliche Karriere und einen sicheren Wohlstand erreicht. Er bevorzugte aber einen anderen Weg zu gehen. Er trat 1947 in den Jesuitenorden ein, bekannt auch als „Gesellschaft Jesu“, und optierte für Indien als sein Tätigkeitsland. Er war sechsundzwanzig Jahre alt.
Kurz bevor er mit dem Theologiestudium begann, verbrachte Scholastiker Lederle einige Zeit in den kleineren Orten Rahata und Sangamner im Kreis Ahmednagar. Hier lernt er die Landessprache Marathi. 1957 wurde er in Pune zum Priester geweiht. Er verbrachte fünfundzwanzig Jahre – als echter Bürger der Stadt Pune. Hier beherrschte er die Marathi Sprache. Es war auch in Pune, wo er an der staatlichen Universität zum Doktor der Philosophie promoviert wurde mit der Forschung über „Philosophische Strömungen im modernen Maharashtra“ (Philosophical Trends in Modern Maharashtra). Das zeigt, wie sehr er mit dem Leben und Gedankengut in Maharashtra vertraut war. Er wollte sich unbedingt, auch wenn er ein katholischer Priester war, mit den Gedanken und Werten anderer Religionen auseinandersetzen. Er bewies durch sein eigenes Leben, daß es einem katholischen Priester durchaus möglich ist, andere Glaubensformen zu achten und zu respektieren.

Die Wurzeln des Hinduismus, des Buddhismus und des Sikhismus sind in Indien. Aber auch der Islam und das Christentum haben ihren Ursprung in Asien. Allerdings ist es auch wahr, daß das Christentum in Indien durch Missionare verbreitet wurde. Leider übernahmen die christlichen Gläubigen unter diesen Umständen auch Elemente der westlichen Kultur. Pater Lederles feste Überzeugung war, daß jeder Mensch die christlichen Glaubensinhalte mit der einheimischen Kultur erfolgreich verbinden kann. Allerdings ist diese Überzeugung keineswegs anders als die allgemeine Haltung der katholischen Kirche.

Johannes XXIII, die höchste Autorität in der Kirche als Papst, regte Mitte des letzten Jahrhunderts das Zweite Vatikanische Konzil an und öffnete die Toren der Kirche für offenes Denken. Vor diesem Konzil gab es vielfach die herrschende Meinung, daß nur das Christentum der Weg der Erlösung sei. Aus dieser Haltung heraus wurde das Christentum in jeder Ecke der Erde propagiert.
Es war zum ersten Mal im Zweiten Vatikanischen Konzil, daß die Kirche akzeptierte, daß auch die Schriften anderer Religionen Wahrheiten und für alle gültige Werte enthalten. Danach war es nur natürlich, daß Christen die wunderbaren Werte anderer Religionen und Kulturen, die dem christlichen Glauben nicht widersprechen, akzeptierten können. Damit wurde der Begriff „Inkulturation“ geprägt. Nachdem Pater Lederle die indische Staatsangehörigkeit angenommen hatte wurde für ihn die Inkulturation ein hohes Lebensideal. Pater Leder war der Meinung, daß sich die Glaubenspraxis der indischen Christen in der reichen indischen Kultur ausdrücken sollte und alle Christen in der Welt alles Schöne aus anderen Religionen und Kulturen in sich integrieren sollten.

Pater Lederle war zu dem Schluss gekommen, daß jede Religion ein Teil der Landeskultur werden sollte, d.h. sich inkulturieren sollte, ohne die vorhandenen wunderbaren Werte abzulehnen. Diese müssen geschützt und gepflegt werden. Um seiner Überzeugung Ausdruck zu geben, machte er verschiedene Versuche. Einmal schloss er sich einer Hindu Pilgergruppe an, die nach Pandharpur (Ort der Gottheit Vithoba) pilgerte. Ein anderes Mal wählte er Shantiniketan, den Ashram von Ravindranath Tagore, für seine jährlichen Exerzitien. Es ist zum großen Teil ihm zu verdanken, daß heute gläubige Christen aus dem ländlichen Maharashtra in ihren Gebeten, Gesängen und anderen Ritualen Bhajan, Arati, Tal-Mrudung benutzen.

Die meisten Gläubigen verschiedener Religionen in der indischen Gesellschaft leben friedlich miteinander, wissen voneinander allerdings kaum etwas über die jeweiligen Glaubensinhalte und -praktiken. Pater Lederle verbrachte einen Großteil seines Lebens damit, einen Austausch im Alltagsleben unter diesen Gläubigen zustande zu bringen. Mit diesem Ziel etablierte er 1969 das Snehasadan. Das Gebäude ist nach der indischen Tradition im spezifisch indischen Architektur Stil gebaut. Am Eingang kann man die folgenden poetischen Zeilen lesen:
Dies ist das Haus aller Religionen
Das Herz aller guten Menschen
Der wunderbare Schatz der Gottheit der Weisheit

Der Text ist aus einem Gedicht des bekannten Philosophen und Heiligen Dnyaneschwar genommen. Der Kontext dieser poetischen Zeilen besagt: wie eine Frau ihre Freude im Haus ihrer Eltern genießt, so genießt jeder Mensch die Freude seiner Religion hier. Die Quintessenz der Gita (das Heilige Buch Gesang des Erhabenen. Redaktion). Pater Lederle hat diesen Text vor dem Haupteingang des Snehasadan angebracht. Der Text passt hier sehr gut.

Katholische Priester führen ein zölibatäres Leben. Je nach eigener Begabung und nach der Planung ihrer Oberen sind sie im Erziehungsbereich, Sozialarbeit oder Seelsorge tätig. Sollte der Obere es in ein paar Jahren entscheiden sie zu versetzen, packen sie ihre sieben Sachen sofort und gehen an die nächste Arbeitsstelle. Pater Lederle war eine Ausnahme. Er blieb ununterbrochen ganze fünf undzwanzig Jahre in Pune. Offensichtlich sahen die Oberen die Wichtigkeit seiner Person in dieser Stelle und vermieden es, ihn zu versetzen. Im Juni 1985 allerdings wurde er zum Provinzial der Goa-Pune Provinz gewählt. Provinzialsbüro war in Panaji (Hauptstadt vom Bundesland Goa). Infolgedessen musste er nach Panaji. Er war in der Meinung der Öffentlichkeit mit Pune so identifiziert, daß Herr Narayan Athavale, Chefredakteur der Goa-Tageszeitung „Gomantak“ seinen Hauptartikel über Pater Lederle mit den Worten „Wir heißen einen Pune-Bürger in Goa willkommen“ überschrieb.

Während seines fünfundzwanzig jährigen Aufenthaltes in Pune hatte Pater Lederle die Herzen vieler namhafter Persönlichkeiten gewonnen. Der Führer der sozialistischen Partei Herr S. M. Joshi, Achyutrao Apte, Nanasaheb Gore, Mohan Dharia waren einige dieser Prominenz. Ein bekannter Literat P. L. Deshapande sagte, „Es gibt Menschen, die sofort beim ersten Treffen das Herz der Menschen gewinnen. Pater Lederle ist ein Philosoph und Wissenschaftler und ist in Deutschland geboren. Dennoch wegen seiner wunderschönen herzlichen Art und menschlichen Haltung ist er in der Tat Bürger der ganzen Welt geworden. Er ist ein Bürger, der keinen Stempel eines bestimmten Landes in seinem Reisepass braucht.“

Es gibt noch ein Merkmal von Pater Lederle, der die Grenzen eines Landes, einer Sprache, einer Religion oder einer Kultur überwunden hat und zum Bürger der Welt geworden ist. Dieses Merkmal ist, daß er seine Tätigkeit auf kein bestimmtes Arbeitsfeld begrenzt hat. Sein Interesse war vielfältig. So bewegte er sich in verschiedenen Bereichen: Literatur, Philosophie, Religionswissenschaft, Bhakti (religiöse) Dichtung, Bewußtseinsbildung von Menschen, Kunst. Man kann ihn auch ruhig als Inspirator der modernen Indisch-Christlichen Kunst bezeichnen. Heute hat die Indisch-Christliche Kunst eine bestimmte Wichtigkeit gelangt. Die Ermutigung kam von Pater Lederle. Um den christlichen Ideen einen Rahmen durch die indische Kultur zu geben, ermutigte er christliche Künstler wie Jemini Roy, Jyoti Sahi, Sr. Claire, aber auch nicht christliche Künstler. Jesus wurde im indischen safran Hemd und Maria wie eine indische Frau gemalt; aber auch indische Öllampen, die malerischen Dekorationen auf dem Boden, das heilige Symbol Swastika fanden ihren Ausdruck in deren Bildern. Pater Lederle benutzte diese Bilder z. B. für Weihnachtskarten durch die Publikation Art India und machte sie bekannt und beliebt in Indien sowie in Europa.

Wenn Menschen verschiedener Religionstraditionen oder Kulturen mit einander in Kontakt kommen, werden ihre Gedanken, Ideen notwendigerweise ausgetauscht. Mit den Portugiesen kam christliche Kunst nach Indien. Kaiser Akbar lud Religionsphilosophen verschiedener Traditionen auf seinen Hof ein. Es kamen von Goa einige Mitglieder des Jesuitenordens wie Rudolf Aquaviva. Sie brachten mit sich Bilder mit christlichem Inhalt, die aber in europäischem Stil gemalt waren. Einige Künstler des Kaisers kopierten diese Bilder genau wie sie im westlichen Stil waren. Einige andere aber behielten den christlichen Inhalt und stellten die gemalten Personen im indischen Gewand dar. So entstand eine harmonische Mischung von europäischer und indischer Kunst.

Pater Lederle hat sehr bewußt erwähnt, daß die Indisch-Christliche Kunst zunächst nicht durch christliche Künstler, sondern auf dem Hof eines Mogul Kaisers entstand. Kein Künstler beschränkt sich darauf, nur über Themen seiner Religion zu malen. Häufig werden Maler von Ideen anderer Religionen inspiriert, was auch in der Indisch-Christlichen Kunst der Fall ist. So fallen die Bilder des berühmten Künstlers M. F. Hussain in diese Kategorie.
Mehrere im Indo-Portugiesischen Stil gebaute Kirchen in Goa sind ein kostbarer Schatz der Architektur. Pater Lederle hat häufig bedauert, daß diese Architektur nicht als Teil des indischen Kulturschatzes betrachtet wird. Es stimmt zwar, daß die Kunst in Goa von der portugiesischen Kunst inspiriert ist, dennoch haben auch die indischen Künstler bei ihrer Arbeit reichlich indische Elemente reingebracht. So bestand Pater Lederle darauf, daß es nicht richtig ist, die Christliche Kunst in Goa als gänzlich westlich zu betrachten.

Wenn der vom griechischen Stil inspirierte Gandhar-Baustil oder das vom Islam inspirierte Taj Mahal als kostbares Element der indischen Tradition gilt, warum dann werden die vom Indo-Portugiesischen Stil inspirierte Christentempel nicht als Teil der indischen Tradition betrachtet, ist die Frage, die Pater Lederle stellt. Nach seiner Meinung wäre es eine Bereicherung der indischen Kultur, wenn wir auch dies als Teil der indischen Tradition betrachten würden.

Pater Lederle wünscht sich sehr, daß die Lebensweise der Person, die im Snehasadan lebt, wie die eines Aschram-Bewohners ist. Es war typisch vom Pater Lederle selbst, daß er ganz einfach lebte und sein Gesicht stets glückliches Lächeln ausstrahlte. Er bestand darauf, daß die Verpflegung im Snehasadan rein vegetarisch sei, wie die der meisten Menschen in der Umgebung vom Snehasadan. Ähnlich sah er dazu, daß die Kommunikation im Snehasadan in der Marathi Sprache lief. Er meinte, daß die indische katholische Kirche wenigstens 100 Ashrams nach dem Vorbild vom Snehasadan gründen sollte, die sich mit den örtlichen Glaubenspraktiken und der örtlichen Kultur identifizieren sollte und in der Denkungsart die Nähe der Andersgläubigen suchen sollte. Wenn wir an einen Ashram denken, denken wir an die Guru-Schischya (Meister-Jünger)-Tradition. Viele Ashrams sind konzentriert auf die sogenannte „Suche nach der Vollkommenheit“. Pater Lederle hatte aber ein anderes Verständnis von Ashram. Die oben erwähnten Ashrams dürfen sich nicht mit dem traditionellen Ashram-Verständnis beschäftigen, meinte Pater Lederle, sondern diese Ashrambewohner sollten sich für einen Dialog mit den in der Umgebung lebenden Menschen einsetzen.

In seinem Buch „Christian Paintings in India through the Centuries“ hat Pater Lederle die Kunst in Indien in den letzten zwei Tausend Jahren bis hin zur christlichen Kunst im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert diskutiert. In diesem Zusammenhang hielt er in der „Father Henry Heras Memorial Reihe Vorträge über die Indische Kunst, die vom Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture in 1984 organisiert waren. Diese Vorträge wurden im erwähnten Buch veröffentlicht, das nach seinem Tod gedruckt wurde.

In dieser Vortragsreihe hat Pater Lederle folgende Themen erläutert: christliche Kunst in Kerala in der Frühzeit, christliche Kunst in Goa im Mittelalter, die florierende christliche Kunst auf dem Mogul kaiserlichen Hof und letztlich der Beitrag der nicht-christlichen Künstler wie M.S. Hussain zur christlichen Kunst.

Die Einführung zu diesem Buch wurde vom bekannten Maler Jyoti Sahi geschrieben. In dieser Einführung erzählt Jyoti Sahi, wie Pater Lederle mehrere Künstler ermutigt hat, Christliche Bilder auf dem Hintergrund des indischen Kontext zu kreieren. Er hat auch in wunderbarer Sprache die tolerante Haltung von Pater Lederle beschrieben.






























Thursday, May 29, 2014

Centurion Marathi monthly 'Niropya'


JmdHw$gm~mhoaMm {¼ñVr g_mO

H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo

15) eVH$dra ' {Zamoß`m ' _m{gH$

'{Zamoß`m'À`m 100 dfmªÀ`m dmQ>MmbrMm AmT>mdm KoUmè`m ' {Zamoß`m: g§nmXH$s` ñn§XZo (1903-2003)' `m nwñVH$mMr {Z{_©Vr hm IamoIa EH$ AmZ§XmMm Am{U A{^_mZmMm `moJ Amho. AmZ§XmMm `moJ AemgmR>r {H$ Ago AmZ§XmMo Am{U A{^_mZmMo jU _amR>r {Z`VH$m{bH$m§À`m B{VhmgmV \$ma Xw{_©i AmhoV. _amR>r d¥ËVnÌm§Mm B{Vhmg ~miemór Om§^oH$am§Zr 1832 gmbr gwê$ Ho$boë`m 'Xn©U' `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mZo gwê$ hmoVmo. gìdmXmoZeo dfmªÀ`m `m B{VhmgmV '{Zamoß`m'bm bm^bobm hm `moJ AmVmn`ªV Ho$di {VZM {Z`VH$m{bH$m§Zm bm^bobm AmhoV. àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> {_eZatZr gwê$ Ho$bobm Am{U AOyZhr àH$m{eV hmoV Agbobm 'kmZmoX`', g_mOgwYmaH$ Jmonmi JUoe AmJaH$a Am{U bmoH$_mÝ` {Q>iH$m§Zr gwê$ Ho$bobm ' Ho$gar' Am{U '{Zamoß`m' hr Vr VrZ {Z`VH$m{bHo$. `mn¡H$s e§^ar Amobm§S>bobm '{Zamoß`m' AOyZhr Vê$UmB©VM Amho `m~Ôb Hw$UmMo Xw_V Zgmdo.

'{Zamoß`m'Mm B{Vhmg åhUOoM EH$m AWm©Zo Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb X{bV {IñVr g_mOmMm B{Vhmg Ago '{Zamoß`m'Mo g§nmXH$ \$mXa Á`mo. _m. {nR>oH$a `m§Zr O`§V Jm`H$dmS> `m§Zr {b{hboë`m ' {Zamoß`m: g§nmXH$s` ñn§XZo (1903-2003)' `m nwñVH$mÀ`m àñVmdZoV åhQ>bo Amho.1 '{Zamoß`m' OÝ_mbm Ambm Voìhm _hmamï´>mV Am{U ^maVmV d¥ÎmnÌo ZwH$VrM Hw$R>o OÝ_mbm `oV hmoVr, Ë`mn¡H$s AZoH$m§À`m Z{e~r ~mb_¥Ë`yM {b{hbm hmoVm. `mM H$mimV Ah_XZJa, Am¡a§Jm~mX, Zm{eH$ `m {Oëøm§À`m n[agamV EH$ doJimM g_mO, _amR>r X{bV {¼ñVr g_mO, CX`mg `oV hmoVm. _amR>r ^mfoMo OwOw~r kmZ Agboë`m naXoer Y_©Jwê§$À`m g§nmXH$ËdmImbr ' {Zamoß`m' MmMnS>V nwT>o nmD$b Q>mH$V hmoVm, Am{U Ë`mMo ~moQ> Yê$Z ~më`mdñWoV Agbobm X{bV {¼ñVr g_mO hiyhiy C^m amhÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aV hmoVm. ho dmñVì` bjmV KoVbo åhUOo `m H$mimV '{Zamoß`m' VyZ àJë^ åhUVm `oB©b Aem ñdê$nmMo gm{hË` H$m {Z_m©U Pmbo Zmhr AWdm ñWm{ZH$ boIH$m§Mr na§nam H$m {Z_m©U Pmbr Zmhr `mMo CÎma {_iVo.
\$mXa à^wYa `m§Zr 1971À`m OmZodmarV ' {Zamoß`m 'Mo g§nmXH$ åhUyZ gyÌo hmVr KoB©n`ªV ho _m{gH$ Ho$di Ah_XZJa, Am¡a§Jm~mX Am{U Zm{eH$ {OëømVrb Y_mªV[aV X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmnwaVoM _`m©{XV am{hbo hmoVo. \$mXa à^wYa `m§Zr nwÊ`mVrb S>r Zmo{~br H$m°boOmV VÎdkmZ {eH$Umè`m ~«Xam§Zm EH$XmoZ dfmªgmR>r ghmæ`H$ g§nmXH$ åhUyZ Zo_UyH$ H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm {b{hVo Ho$bo. ho gd© ~«Xa dgB© n[agamVrb hmoVo Am{U Ë`m_wio VoìhmnmgyZ '{Zamoß`m' Ah_XZJa Am{U nwUo {OëømMr hÔ nma H$ê$Z H$moH$UmVrb R>mUo {OëømVrb dgB©Vrb dmMH$m§n`ªV nmohmoMbm. `mAmYrM dgB©V 'gwdmVm©' _m{gH$ gwê$ Pmbo hmoVo. AmO `m XmoÝhr _m{gH$m§Zr Amnmnë`m {Oëøm§À`m ^m¡Jmo{bH$ gr_m nma H$ê$Z EH$_oH$m§À`m dmMH$joÌm§V A{VH«$_U Ho$bo AmhoM. J§_VrZo Agohr åhUVm `oB©b {H$ ho A{VH«$_U AmVm Va g§nmXH$s` nmVirdahr nmohmoMbo Amho. gÜ`mMo '{Zamoß`m'Mo g§nmXH$ \$mXa {nR>oH$a ho _yiMo dgB©Mo AmhoV, Ë`m{edm` amÁ`mVrb BVa ^mJm§Vrb _amR>r {¼ñVr dmMH$m§n`ªVhr hr _m{gHo$ nmohmoMbr AmhoV. Ago Agbo Var 'gwdmVm©' ho dgB©Vrb {¼ñVr g_mOmMo Am{U '{Zamoß`m' ho Ah_XZJa, nwUo. Am¡a§Jm~mX Am{U Zm{eH$ {OëømVrb X{bV {¼ñVr g_mOmMo _wInÌ AerM Ë`m§Mr Vm|S>AmoiI H$m`_ am{hbr Amho.
e§^a dfmªÀ`m `m H$mimV '{Zamoß`m'Zo H$moUVr _moR>r H$m_{Jar Ho$br Amho Am{U {dgmdo eVH$ nma Ho$ë`mZ§Va EH${dgmì`m eVH$mV `m _m{gH$mMo à`moOZ H$m` Agm àíZ `m {Z{_ÎmmZo CnpñWV hmoUo eŠ` Amho. _amR>r d¥ÎmnÌm§À`m B{VhmgmV 'gË`H$Wo'gmaIu AZoH$ XO}Xma {Z`VH$m{bHo$ H$mimÀ`m àdmhmV ~§X Pmbr. Hw$R>ë`mhr _m{gH$mMo ApñVËd Mmby amhmdo {H$ Zmhr `m~m~VrV dmMH$m§Mr ^y{_H$m \$ma _hÎdmMr R>aV AgVo. AZwXmZ, XoUJr Am{U g~{gS>rÀ`m Am°pŠgOZda hr _m{gHo$ \$ma Va H$mhr H$mi Mmby amhÿ eH$V ZmhrV. AZoH$ àMmar WmQ>mMr {Z`VH$m{bHo$, _m{gHo$ \w$H$Q>mV {_imë`mZo hmVr nS>VmV nm{H$Q> Z CKS>Vm H$Mè`mÀ`m noQ>rV Q>mH$br OmVmV. '{Zamoß`m'Mo Vgo Pmbobo Zmhr.' {Zamoß`m' AOyZ VJ Yê$Z am{hbm Amho `mMo EH$ _hÎdmMo H$maU åhUOo dmMH$mZm Vmo hdm Amho.

haoJmdÀ`m _V_mD$brÀ`m `mÌoV Xadfu ' {Zamoß`m'Mm EH$ ñQ>m°b AgVmo. VoWo '{Zamoß`m'Mr dJ©Ur XoÊ`mg `oUmè`m dmMH$m§~r JXu nm{hbr åhÊmOo _r H$m` åhUVmo Amho `mMr Vwåhm§bm WmoS>r\$ma H$ënZm `oD$ eHo$b. Jobr H$mhr df} _r Am{U '{Zamoß`m'Mo EH$ YS>mYS>rMo H$m`©H$V} `mo. em. Jm`H$dmS> ' {Zamoß`m'Mm hm ñQ>m°b haoJmdÀ`m `mÌoV MmbdV AmhmoV. dJ©Ur Z ^aë`mZo qH$dm dJ©Ur ^ê$Zhr H$mhr H$maUmZo H$mhr dmMH$m§Zm '{Zamoß`m' nmohmoMV Zmhr Aemdoir {MS>boë`m dmMH$m§À`m àjmo^mg Vm|S> XoÊ`mMr doi `oVo. hr AdKS> O~m~Xmar _r VmVS>rZo Jm`H$dmS> `m§À`mH$S>o gmondrV AgVmo. {Z`{_VnUo ' {Zamoß`m' Z {_imë`m~Ôb g§Vmnboë`m `m dmMH$m§H$S>o nm{hbo åhUOo e§^a dfm©§Z§Vahr ho _m{gH$ dmMH$m§Zm hdo Amho `m~Ôb H$mhr g§e` amhV Zmhr.
'{Zamoß`m'À`m A§Va§Jm~Ôb O`§V Jm`H$dmS> `m§Zr `m nwñVH$mV {dñVmamZo {b{hbo Amho.'{Zamoß`m'Zo EH$ ~¥ÎmnÌ åhUyZ Ë`mH$mimV KS>Umè`m _moR>çm gm_m{OH$, amO{H$` KS>m_moS>tMr Zm|X KoVbr Zmhr Ago boIH$mZo Amnë`m `m nwñVH$mV åhQ>bo, Vo IaoM Amho. AJXr '{Zamoß`m' Mo g§ñWmnH$ g§nmXH$ {~en hoZ«r S>moatJ n{hë`m _hm`wÜXm_wio `wamonmV AS>H$bo, {~«{Q>e gaH$maZo Vo O_©Z `m eÌyamï´>mMo ZmJarH$ Agë`mZo Ë`m§Zm ^maVmV naVÊ`mg ~§Xr KmVbr, n{hë`m Am{U Xwgè`m _hm`wÜXm§V AZoH$ {_eZatZm Vwé§Jdmg KS>bm qH$dm ^maVmbm ñdmV§Í` {_imbo Aem ~mVå`mhr `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mV à{gÜX Pmë`m ZmhrV. _mÌ _bm dmQ>Vo {H$ `m~m~V VmËH$mbrZ g§nmXH$m§Zr YmoaUmË_H$ {ZU©` KoVbm hmoVm Ago åhUVm `oUma Zmhr. AmOhr XIb KoÊ`mgma»`m gd©M ~mVå`m ' {Zamoß`m'V `oVmV Ago åhUVm `oUma Zmhr. '{Zamoß`m'À`m boIH$m§Zr Ë`m~Ôb H$mhr {b{hbo Va Vo àH$m{eV hmoVo, AÝ`Wm EImÚm _hÎdmÀ`m KQ>ZoH$S>ohr Xwb©j hmoD$ eH$Vo. BVa _m{gHo$ Am{U {Z`H$m{bH$m§Mo g§nmXH$m§H$S>o AZoH$ boIH$, ghH$mar AgVmV, Ë`m_wio àË`oH$ A§H$mÀ`m _OHw$am§Mo ~aoM {Xdg AmYrM Img {Z`moOZ H$ê$ eH$VmV. {Zamoß`mÀ`m g§nmXH$m§Zm Aem ñdê$nmMr bŠPar ZgVo.

' {Zamoß`m' XO}Xma boIH$dJ© V`ma H$ê$ eH$bm Zmhr Aer EH$ I§V \$mXa {nQ>oH$am§Zr `m nwñVH$mÀ`m àñVmdZoV ì`º$ Ho$br Amho. Ë`mV ~aoMgo VÏ` Amho. '{Zamoß`m' H$Yrhr Ho$di gm{hË`joÌmÀ`m godogmR>r Mmb{dbm OmV ZìhVm. Ë`mMr C{Ôï>o Am{U H$m`©joÌM doJio Amho. Ago Agbo Var AmO _amR>r gm{hË`joÌmV Amnë`m H$V¥©ËdmZo Zmd H$_mdboë`m \$mXa \«$mpÝgg {X{~«Q>m|Mm n{hbm boI '{Zamoß`m'ZoM N>mnbm hmoVm. {dÐmohr gm{hpË`H$ Am{U g§nmXH$ AmMm`© gË`dmZ Zm_Xod gy`©d§er, _amR>r embo` nmR>çnwñVH$mV Á`m§À`m H${dVm§Mm g_mdoe Pmbm Vo g§nV {dídmg Jm`H$dmS> C\©$ H${d {dídmgHw$_ma, H¡$VmZ XmoS>Vr Aem Zm_d§V boIH$-H${d§Zr ' {Zamoß`m'V XrK©H$mi {b{hbo Amho.

'{Zamoß`m'Mo Am{U _mPo AJXr embo` OrdZmnmgyZMo ZmVo Amho 1970À`m XeH$mV `m _m{gH$mMo g§nmXH$ \$mXa à^wYa eãXH$moS>o N>m{nV AgV, `m eãXH$moS>çm§Mr ~amo~a CÎmao XoÊ`mè`m§Mr Zmdo Vo àH$m{eV H$aV AgV.AZoH$Xm gd© CÎmao ~amo~a XoUmao Hw$UrM ZgV. _J \$mXa \$º$ EH$ {µH$dm XmoZM MwH$sMr CÎmao XoUmè`mMr Zmdo N>mnV AgV. AemM bmoH$m§~amo~a Voìhm n{hë`m§XmM _mPo Zmd '{Zamoß`m'V N>mnyZ Ambo. VoìhmnmgyZ Amnbo Zmd N>mnyZ AmUÊ`mMm N>§XM gwê$ Pmbm AmO _r nyU©doi nÌH$ma Am{U boIH$ åhUyZ H$m`©aV Amho `m ì`dgm`mMo ~rO '{Zamoß`m'ZoM _mÂ`m_Ü`o ê$Odbo hmoVo.

'{Zamoß`m'Zo e§^ar nma Ho$br `mMo ~aoMgo lo` `oeyg§Kr` A{YH$mè`m§Zm Úmdo bmJob. 'AmnU' gmaIo EH$ XO}Xma _amR>r gmám{hH$ `oeyg§Kr`m§Zr OdiOdi Xhm df} Mmb{dbo hmoVo _mÌ Vo Z§Va ~§X H$amdo bmJbo. 'gwdmVm©' _m{gH$mà_mUo ' {Zamoß`m'À`m g§nmXH$nXr nyU©doi Y_©Jwê$ XoUo Ë`m§Zm eŠ` Pmbobo Zmhr, _mÌ ho _m{gH$ Mmby am{hb `mMr `oeyg§Kr` A{YH$mè`m§Zr gd©VmonarZo H$miOr KoVbr Amho. Xhm dfm©nydu ' {Zamoß`m'Mo g§nmXH$ ~XbV dm Ë`m g§nmXH$mMr XwgarH$S>o ~Xbr hmoB© Vgo `m _m{gH$mMo H$m`m©b`mMo Jmd qH$dm eha ~XbV Ago. Ë`m_wioM 'qdMdmMo {~èhmS> nmR>rda AgVo Vgo ' {Zamoß`m'Mo Amho' Ago `m _m{gH$mMo _mOr g§nmXH$ \$mXa à^wYa `m§Zr EH$m g§nmX{H$`mV {b{hbo Amho. \$mXa à^wYa {XS> XeHo$ g§nmXH$ hmoVo. Ë`m§À`mAmYr \$mXa Omogo\$ ñQ>mH©$ `m _m{gH$mMo 22 df} g§nmXH$ hmoVo. \$m. à^wYam§À`m ~XbrZwgma ' {Zamoß`m' lram_nya, H$èhmS>, AmOam Aem {R>H$mUr qhS>bm. AmVm ' {Zamoß`m'bm nwÊ`mV 'ñZohgXZ' Aml_mMo Ka {_imbo Amho.

g§X^©:
1) O`§V Jm`H$dmS>, ' {Zamoß`m g§nmXH$s` ñn§XZo (1903-2003)' , àH$meH$, '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$ (2006)
(nyd©à{gÜXr: ' {Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, E{àb 2006)



Wednesday, May 21, 2014

Fr Jacquier's mission work in Rahata during First World War


KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m
(Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)


H$m{_b nmaIo
gwJmdm àH$meZ

10) _hm`wÕmÀ`m N>m`oV JmoXmdar Amobm§Sy>Z Ah_XZJa {OëømV

gZ 1914 _Ü`o `wamonmV n{hbo _hm`wÕ gwê$ Pmbo. `m `wÕmMr aU^y_r `wamon Agbr Var Ë`mMo nS>gmX Ë`mdoir Ah_XZJa {Oëô`mVrb N>moQ>rer Jmdo Agboë`m amhmVm Am{U g§J_ZoamVgwÕm nS>bo. `wamonmV {~«{Q>em§Mo O_©Zrer `wÕ Ow§nbo hmoVo. Ë`m_wio ho O_©Z {¼ñVr Y_©Jwê$ [~«{Q>e§mÀ`m Ñï>rZo eÌyM hmoVo. [h§XwñWmZmVrb {ejUjoÌmV `oeyg§KmMo O_©ZXoer` Y_©Jwê$ _hÎdmMr ^y{_H$m nma nmS>V AmhoV, `mMr {~«{Q>e amÁ`H$Ë`mªZm nwaVr OmUrd hmoVr. Ë`m_wio _hm`wÕmÀ`m gwédmVrÀ`m H$mimV `m eÌyamï´>mVrb `m ZmJ[aH$m§{déÕ Ë`m§Zr H$mhr H$madmB© Ho$br Zmhr. _mÌ \$ma H$mi bm§~boë`m _hm`wÕmMr YJ dmT>V Jobr. `m YJrÀ`m Vrd«VoMm \$Q>H$m `oeyg§KmÀ`m _w§~B©-nwUo {_eZbm nmohmoMbm. dmT>Ë`m X~mdm_wio gÎmmYmar Agboë`m {~«{Q>em§Zr _J qhXwñWmZmVrb gd© O_©Z ZmJ[aH$m§Zm Vwé§JmV Q>mH$bo. Ë`§mÀ`m_Ü`o Ah_XZJa {Oëô`mVrb {_eZatMmhr g_mdoe hmoVm.
_hm`wÕ gwê$ Pmë`mZ§Va gZ 1915 À`m gßQ>|~a _{hÝ`mV nwUo Y_©àm§VmMo A°S>{_{ZñQ´>oQ>a \$mXa [aH$brZ `m§Zr ZmJnyaMo {~en H$m°nob `m§Zm AS>MUrV gmnS>boë`m `oeyg§Kmbm _XV H$aÊ`mMr {dZVr Ho$br. nwUo Am{U Ah_XZJa {Oëøm§V H$m_ H$aUmao ~hþVoH$ gd© `oeyg§Kr` \$mXa Am{U ~«Xa O_©Z hmoVo. n{hë`m _hm`wÕm_wio qhXwñWmZmVrb {~«{Q>e gaH$maZo eÌyamï´>mMo ZmJ[aH$ Agboë`m Ë`m gdmªMr Vwé§JmV admZJr Ho$br hmoVr. O_©Z Zgbobo BVa `wamo{n`Z {_eZar _mÌ øm Vwé§JdmgmVyZ dmMbo. \$mXa dmB©ghm¡ßQ> `m§À`m~amo~a Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb Ë`m§Mo BVa ghm ghH$mar åhUOo _wba, {S>~oëg, ñVoaÝW, EIm°Z©, {dÝgoÐmo\$,Am{U hmoåg `m§Zm AQ>H$ H$aÊ`mV Ambr.1 Ë`mn¡H$s \$mXa dmB©ghm¡ßQ>gma»`m H$mhr d¥Õ O_©Z Y_©Jwê§$Zm bmoUmdù`mOdirb I§S>mim `oWo R>odÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. `m KQ>Zo_wio g§nyU© nwUo Y_©à§mVmV Am{U Ah_XZJa {Oëô`mVrb {_eZ H|$Ðm§V H$m_ H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ho$di Xhm ñdrg Y_©Jwê$ {e„H$ am{hbo hmoVo.
`oeyg§KmMr _XVrgmR>r {dZ§Vr Amë`mda {~en H$m°nob `m§Zr Amnë`m ZmJnya Y_©à§mVmVrb VrZ AZw^dr Y_©Jwê§$Zm Ah_XZJa {Oëô`mV à{V{Z`wŠVrda nmR>dbo. Ë`mdoir Am¡a§Jm~mX {Oëô`mV ~moaga {_eZñWmZmV Agboë`m \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mr {eS>uOdirb amhmVm {_eZ H|$ÐmV Zo_UyH$ Pmbr. KmoJaJmdMo à_wI Y_©Jwê$ Agbobo \$mXa ~oO} `m§Mr amhþarOdirb H|$Xi Y_©ñWmZmV ~Xbr Pmbr. O~bnya `oWo {_[bQ>ar M°ßboZ Agbobo \$mXa nbwEb `m§Mr nwÊ`mVrb IS>H$r H°$ånmV {_{bQ>ar M°ßboZ åhUyZ Zo_UyH$ Pmbr. ho gd© Y_©Jwê$ Amnmnë`m Zì`m OmJr 1915 À`m Am°ŠQ>mo~amV éOy Pmbo. _hm`wÕ H$mhr _{hÝ`mV g§nyZ `oeyg§Kr` Y_©Jwê$ naV Amnmnë`m {_eZm§V naVVrb Aer gdmªMrM Anojm hmoVr. _mÌ ho _hm`wÕ Mma df} bm§~bo Am{U Ë`mZ§VaM `m O_©Z Y_©Jwé§Mr ~§{XdmgmVyZ gwQ>H$m Pmbr.
O_©Z {_eZatMm VËH$mbrZ `wÕmer H$mS>rEH$ g§~§Y Zgë`mZo Ë`m§Mr Vwé§JmVyZ gwQ>H$m H$aÊ`mV `mdr Aer `m{MH$m qhXwñWmZmVrb AZoH$ {~enm§Zr {~«{Q>e gaH$mabm gmXa Ho$br. _mÌ `m `m{MHo$Mm H$mhrEH$ n[aUm_ Pmbm Zmhr. _hm`wÜXmMr Vrd«Vm dmT>V Mmbbr hmoVr. Ë`m_wio 1916 À`m _mM© _{hÝ`mV {~«{Q>e gaH$maZo [h§XwñWmZmVrb 65 O_©ZXoer` {_eZatZm ~moQ>rV ~gdyZ Ë`m§À`m _m`Xoer hH$mbnÅ>r Ho$br. Caboë`m 26 {_eZatMr XoemVrbM H$m°Ýg|Q´>oeZ H±$ånmV admZJr H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `wÕ g§në`mZ§Va Ë`m§Mrhr Ë`m§À`m _m`Xoer hH$mbnÅ>r H$aÊ`mV Ambr.2 `oeyg§KmÀ`m O_©Z àm°pìhÝgMo gXñ` Agbobo Ah_XZJa {Oëô`mVrb ñdrg Y_©Jwê$ _mÌ `m YanH$S>rVyZ ~Mmdbo. H$maU pñdËPbªS> `m amï´>mZo `m n{hë`m _hm`wÕmV VQ>ñWVoMr ^y{_H$m ñdrH$mabr hmoVr.
OJmVrb gd© H°$Wmo{bH$ {~enm§Zm R>am{dH$ H$mimZ§Va amo__Ü`o OmD$Z nmon_hme`m§Zm ì`{º$JVarË`m ^oQy>Z Amnë`m Y_©àm§VmMm Ahdmb Úmdm bmJVmo. H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_m©Mo gdm}ÀM Y_m©{YH$mè`mMr hr ì`{º$JV ^oQ> hm Ë`m {~enm§À`m Ñï>rZo EH$ _moR>m _mZgÝ_mZ AgVmo. b°{Q>Z_Ü`o 'A°S> {b{_Zm' `m ZmdmZo g§~moYë`m OmUmè`m `m ^oQ>rgmR>r nwÊ`mMo Ë`mdoiMo {~en Am{U '{Zamoß`m' `m AOyZhr à{gÜX hmoUmè`m _amR>r _m{gH$mMo g§ñWmnH$ hoZ«r S>mo[a¨J aom_bm Jobo hmoVo. _hm`wÕ gwé Pmë`mZo `m O_©Z {~enm§Zm qhXwñWmZmV naVUo _wpîH$b Pmbo. em§VVm àñWm{nV hmoÊ`mMr H$mhr H$mi dmQ> nm{hë`mZ§Va AIoarg Ë`m§Zr nwÊ`mÀ`m {~ennXmMm amOrZm_m {Xbm. Ë`mZ§Va OnmZ_Ü`o `oeyg§KmV\}$ Zì`mZoM gwé Ho$boë`m ào{fVH$m`m©Mr Ë`m§Zr gyÌo hmVr KoVbr. nwÊ`mMo {~ennX _mÌ `m H$mimV [aº$M am{hbo.
`oeyg§K hr Am§Vaamï´>r` g§ñWm Agë`mZo `m g§ñWoÀ`m A{YH$mè`m§Zr O_©Z Zgboë`m BVa Y_©Jwê§$Zm _hmamï´>mV H$m_ H$aÊ`mg nmR>{dbo. AmXoe {_iVmM `m Y_©Jwê§$Zr Ah_XZJa_Yrb Amnë`m Zì`m Zo_UwH$sÀ`m OmJr éOy hmoD$Z ào{fV H$m`© H$é bmJbo. _mÌ ZdrZ Y_©Jwê$ `oD$Zhr `oWrb Y_©Jwé§À`m g§»`oV _moR>r KQ> Pmbr hmoVr. _hm`wÕ g§nbo Var nwT>rb H$mhr df} [~«{Q>em§Zr hmH$byZ {Xboë`m Y_©Jwê§$Zm [h§XwñWmZmV naV `oÊ`mg nadmZJr {Xbr Zmhr. Ë`m_wio amo__Yrb `oeyg§KmÀ`m gag§MmbH$m§Zr 1922 gmbr _w§~B©-nwUo àm§Vm§Mr O~m~Xmar `oeyg§KmÀ`m O_©Z àm§VmH$Sy>Z H$mTy>Z KoD$Z Vr `m g§ñWoÀ`mM ñnoZÀ`m A°amJm°Z àm§VmH$S>o gmon{dbr. ñn°{Ze `oeyg§Kr` \$mXam§Zr àm_w»`mZo _w§~B©Vrb gyÌo hmVr KoVbr Am{U ñdrg \$mXa nwÊ`mV Am{U Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb H$m_o nmhÿ bmJbo.3
{~en H$m°nob `m§Zr Om{H$`a, ~oO} Am{U nbwEb `mgma»`m Á`oð>, AZw^dr Y_©Jwê$§Zm Ah_XZJa {OëømV Am{U nwÊ`mbm à{V{Z`wº$sda ËdaoZo nmR>{dbo Am{U ñdV:À`m ZmJnwa Y_©àm§VmVrb AË`§V _hÎdmÀ`m {_eZñWmZm§Mr O~m~Xmar _mÌ Vê$U Am{U AZZw^dr Y_©Jwé§da gmon{dbr Aer Hw$a~ya ZmJnwamVrb H$mhr Y_©Jwé§Zr Ë`mdoir Ho$br hmoVr. Ë`mda {~en H$m°nob `m§Zr _m{_©H$ {Q>nÊUr Ho$br hmoVr. "" AmnU BVam§Zm _XV H$aVmo Ë`mdoir Amnë`mH$S>o Agbobo gdm}Îm_, gdmo©ËH¥$ï> AmnU Ë`m§Zm {Xbo nm{hOo"", Ago Ë`m§Mo CÎma hmoVo.
n{hë`m _hm`wÜXmÀ`m H$mimV Ah_XZJa {Oëô`mVrb _hma g_mOmVrb `oeyg§{K`m§Mo ào{fV H$m`© AJXr ~hambm Ambo hmoVo. {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwédmVrg gwé Pmboë`m g§J_Zoa {_eZñWmZmV Ë`mdoir 3 hOma 200 H°$Wmo{bH$ hmoVo. diU `oWo XmoZ hOma H°$Wmo{bH$ hmoVo, Ë`mOdiÀ`m H§o$Xi {_eZ H|$ÐmV EH$ hOma Am{U amhmVm `oWo 1 hOma 700 H°$Wmo{bH$ hmoVo. g§J_Zoa `oWrb `oeyg§Kr` \$mXa \$mpÝgg ew{~Ja ñdrg ZmJ[aH$ Agë`mZo Vwé§JdmgmVyZ ~mhoa am{hbo hmoVo. diU `oWohr `oeyg§Kr` \$mXa H«$mB©J hmoVo.

g§X^©:

1) \$m. Wm°_g gmido Am{U \$m. Ho$ZoW {_pñH$Q>m, 'OogyB©Q> 2005' dm{f©H$, ~moJm} Eg. pñn[aVmo 4, 00193, amo_, BQ>mbr (gßQ>|~a 2004) (nmZ 133)

2) \$mXa âb°Q>Za, \o${bŠg Aë\$S> (`oeyg§K), g|Q> nm°b npãbHo$eÝg, 28-~r, MmW_ bmB©Ýg, Abmhm~mX 2, CÎma àXoe (1963) (nmZ 72)

3) '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, \o$~«wdmar 2005 

Sunday, April 4, 2010

Marathi monthly 'Niropya' enters 100th year

Marathi monthly Niropya enters 100th year


Times of India

Camil Parkhe, TNN, Dec 26, 2002, 10.37pm IST

http://maillogout.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Marathi-monthly-Niropya-enters-100th-year/articleshow/32495109.cms

PUNE: Niropya, a Marathi monthly launched by a German Jesuit priest in an obscure village in Ahmednagar district in 1903, has today earned a distinct position among Marathi periodicals.

The monthly, presently being published from ‘Snehsadan’ in the city, is among the handful of Marathi periodicals which have reached the century mark. Niropya (Marathi word for messenger) was launched at the Walan-Kendal village in April 1903 by Fr Henry Doering, who later rose to become the vicar apostolic of Hiroshima in Japan and the archbishop of Pune.

The monthly, owned by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), has grown from its initial four-page bulletin form to its present 32-page format. The magazine now boasts of a circulation of 20,000 copies.

Most of its subscribers are its third, fourth or even fifth generation readers — a feat rivalled by few other Marathi periodicals. The history of Marathi journalism begins with the publication of Darpan, a periodical launched by Balshastri Jambhekar in 1832.

Monthly Dnyanodaya, published from Ahmednagar since 1842, is the oldest surviving Marathi periodical, followed by daily Kesari, published from Pune since 1881.

Doering shifted Niropya’s publication to Pune when he was appointed the second bishop of Pune diocese in 1907. During the First World War, the British government declared bishop Doering, a German national, as persona non grata. His monthly was also banned.

The Holy See then shifted Doering as vicar apostolic of Hiroshima in 1921. After the end of hostilities, Doering returned to Pune in 1927. Soon after his return, the archbishop resurrected his baby in 1927 and since then, Niropya is being published without a break.

Doering, who died in 1951, was interred at St Patrick’s Cathedral in the city. The inscriptions on his grave, which highlight his contributions to various fields are, however, silent on the archbishop’s role as the founder editor of Niropya, or his contribution to the history of the Marathi press.

During the last 100 years, the monthly has been published from Sangamner, Shrirampur, Panchgani, Karad, Aajra and Nasik, based on postings of its Jesuit priest-editors.

“Niropya has played an important role in creating social awareness among Catholics”, says Fr Joe Pithekar, the monthly’s executive editor.

Sunday, January 24, 2010

Fr Matthew Lederle, inter-religious dialogue

Contribution of Christian Missionaries in India

Author : Camil Parkhe

19. Fr. Matthew Lederle, a proponent of inter-religious dialogue

This incident dates back to 1966. A function was organised in Pune to release a collection of hymns written by the medieval Maharashtrian poet-saint Sant Tukaram. The then Speaker of the Maharashtra State Assembly, Balasaheb Bharde, was in the chair. Bharde, a freedom fighter, was also an authority on Marathi sants' literature and was a veteran kirtankar. The compere announced, "and now Father Matthew Lederle will speak on Sant Tukaram's Gatha (hymns)."


Following the announcement, a European stood up to speak. He was wearing a kurta- pajama. Most of the audience expected him to speak in English. However, Fr.Lederle began speaking in Marathi. The audience was shocked to hear him talking in fluent Marathi, commenting and analysing Tukaram's famous A bhangas - 'Shevatacha Dees Goad Whawa' (Let the last day be sweet one), in a lucid manner.

Fr. Lederle said - "Sant Tukaram has said 'Let the last day be sweet and a memorable one'. It is my prayer too. On reaching heaven, I will request Sant Tukaram to sing those Abhangas, in his melodious voice. I am indeed deeply impressed by his Abhangas."

The person appreciating Sant Tukaram's Marathi Abhangas was not only German but also a Christian priest. The German was also fascinated by the spiritual works of other Hindu saints like Sant Dnyandeo and Sant Namdeo.

He, along with Fr. Guy Deleury, a French Jesuit, and Achyutrao Apte, a social worker and a founder of the Vidyarthi Sahayyak Samiti, had established Snehasadan Ashram, an institute for inter-religious dialogue on the banks of the river Mutha in Pune. Since his arrival in India and ordination as a priest, he had chosen the historic Pune city for his work. He learnt the local language, started interacting with the local people and started inter-religious dialogue to help people appreciate and understand each other.

Many people found it strange and sometimes, a bit suspicious, that a Catholic priest was not only taking keen interest in Hindu philosophy and forms of worships but also attempting to adopt some Hindu traditions and concepts, which did not contradict his Christian beliefs.

Lederle was born in Germany on 13 March 1926. Adolf Hitler, the Nazi leader, had assumed political power in Germany. Having won power in Germany, Hitler planned to invade other nations in Europe and its neighbourhood. As per the then prevalent proscription rule in Germany, it was his duty to serve in his country's army for some time. Young Matthew Lederle, like all other able bodied youths of his country, was compelled to join the army and follow the diktats of their Nazi leaders.

The wild ambitions of Hitler and other fascist leaders led to the outbreak of the Second World War. Young Lederle, along with other German soldiers, fought the battle against the Allied forces led by America. The Second World War ended with the defeat of the Nazis. Unable to face his impending humiliation, Hitler committed suicide. The squad in which Lederle served comprised of 85 soldiers but when the cease-fire was announced, it was left with only three soldiers including Lederle.

After the cease-fire, the Allied forces captured Lederle as a prisoner of war. His first attempt to escape from the prisoners' camp failed but he succeeded in his second attempt. He fled stealthily from the camp and swam across a river in the biting cold of the winter. Later, he disguised himself and reached his home safe and sound.

After the hostilities of the war had subsided, Lederle opted for a different path. He joined the Society of Jesus in 1949 to become a priest and within two years he opted for the Pune-Goa Jesuit vice-province in India as the place for his life's mission. He was merely 26 years old when he reached India.

While continuing his studies for priesthood, Lederle for some days stayed at Sangamner, Rahata and Kendal in Ahmednagar district and took lessons in Marathi language. He was ordained a priest in Pune in 1957.

He was by now well versed in Marathi, having obtained a post-graduate degree in Marathi of the University of Pune. He also secured a doctorate of the University for which his thesis was 'Philosophical trends in modern Maharashtra.' Lederle lived in Pune for almost 25 years.

India is a birthplace of four religions, Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism. Islam and Christianity have also originated in Asia. Though St Thomas, an apostle of Jesus Christ, preached Christianity in Kerala 2,000 years back, the gospel reached the other parts of India much later with the arrival of western missionaries. This has led to a widespread misconception that Christianity is a western religion and that all its followers are deeply influenced by western culture, lifestyle and ideology.

Fr. Lederle was of the opinion that local culture and Christian doctrines and beliefs can be compatible, they need not be contradictory in all respects. In his lectures and writings, he emphasised that an Indian Christian can practice his religion without giving up the local culture. This was the principle of inculturation advocated strongly by the Catholic Church especially after the second Vatican Council held in the early 1960s.

For example, Fr. Lederle maintained that a married Maharashtrian Christian woman need not give up the local tradition of applying kumkum on her forehead or wearing colourful bangles on her wrists. These local cultural traditions have nothing to do with religious beliefs or doctrines and the local people should be encouraged to continue them even after their conversion to Christianity, he argued.

The second Vatican Council, convened by Pope John XVIII ushered in fresh reforms in the Catholic Church. This council, attended by the Church's theologians and leaders from all over the world, also changed the perspective of the Catholic Church towards other religions. This Council strongly advocated dialogues with other religions and encouraged appreciation of certain principles and cultural practices found in other religions, which were not necessarily against the Christian doctrines and faith. Fr Lederle's Snehasadan in Pune was established as an ashram for inter-religious dialogue.

Every year thousands of pilgrims from different parts of western Maharashtra undertake a pilgrimage on foot to the Vitthal temple at Pandharpur in Solapur district. This annual pilgrimage, called Vari, is one of the important religious traditions of Maharashtra. Fr Lederle once joined the Varkaris in Pune, mingling with the men and women, mostly from rural areas, singing bhajans to the accompaniment of the cymbals and mrudungs as they walked for 11 days to cover the 180 km distance to Pandharpur. This was his way of trying to understand and appreciate the local tradition of pilgrimage.

When he shifted to Panaji as the provincial of the Goa-Pune Jesuit province in 1985, I had interviewed him as a reporter for the local newspaper, The Navhind Times. Before I arrived at the Jesuit House for the interview, Fr. Lederle had scribbled some notes on some issues to make my work easier. The interview was mainly based on the Catholic Church's inculturation policy, his pet topic. I have still preserved those notes.

"Inculturation means," Fr. Lederle wrote, “that a religion, here Christianity, wishes to become a part of a culture, to promote what is good in a culture, not to destroy it. This recognises that there are many good things in a culture, society, religion and it is worthwhile to know it and to benefit from it. Now people know much more about each other, they live close together, we have become much more of a one family. So we have to find ways to live together as friends and brothers and sisters - not as enemies. It is important that those who believe in God should give support to each other, so that modern society is not without God."

"Inculturation is also based on the understanding that, as Pope John XXIII said, it is better to praise what is good than condemn what is evil. Naturally, there are times when we have to condemn evils in society, also in our own."

On the issue of why Christianity is interested in Christianity, he wrote: “Christianity looks at Jesus Christ, its founder, and accepts him as Divine Lord and Saviour. He became fully human in his own nation and culture, the Jewish nation. Christians, therefore, see it as their task not to become all like Jews but to be fully members of their own respective culture, to become Europeans in Europe, Japanese in Japan, and Indians in India. Christianity was born in Asia; when it came to Europe, for example, it became in many of its cultural forms very much European."

Often, people belonging to different religions and sects are totally ignorant about each other's religious beliefs and traditions although they may have lived as neighbours in harmony for several years. Throughout his life, Fr. Lederle strived for inter-religious dialogue and cooperation, for helping people to understand one another's religious values, ideologies and culture. This was one of the goals of the Snehasadan ashram founded in 1969.

In a preface to Lederle's book, 'Christian Paintings in India through the centuries', veteran artist Jyoti Sahi has said: "One is struck by how deeply Fr. Lederle had committed himself to a post-Vatican II Council understanding of the Church in the world. It is also this concern for the Indian Church, lived in humble local parishes that drew Fr. Lederle to reflect deeply on the role of ashrams in the church. Lederle's concern with Indian Christian art must be seen within the context of his interest in the inculturation of the Church generally. This also led to his involvement in the Christian ashram movement. For him the important point about ashrams was not so much the Guru, or the search for the Absolute, but a deep and meaningful dialogue with people of other faiths, particularly Hindus in the Indian context. He liked to make his retreat with people of different faiths. Once he chose as his retreat the nature-cure ashram of Acharya Vinoba Bhave's brother near Poona. Another time, he went to Shanti Niketan. For his 'dialogue' was not just on the verbal level: it was something to be lived in the community."

After his elevation as provincial of the Goa-Pune province in 1985, he had to move to Panaji, the capital of Goa, the headquarters of the then Goa-Pune Jesuit province. Fr. Lederle had come to be so closely identified with Pune that when he moved to Goa, the editor of the Panaji-based Marathi daily 'Gomantak', Narayan Athawale, wrote an editorial 'Welcome to a Punekar (Puneite) in Goa'. (Athavale was later elected as a Shiv Sena nominee from Mumbai to the Lok Sabha).

When he was in Pune, Fr. Lederle and his Snehasadan ashram had developed close association with eminent personalities from different fields. These personalities included socialist stalwarts like S. M. Joshi, Achyutrao Patwardhan, former High Commissioner to U. K. Nanasaheb (N. G.) Goray, and former Union Minister Mohan Dharia. While describing Fr. Lederle's personality, senior humourist P. L. Deshpande had said - 'There are some people who take a place in your heart in their first meeting itself. Fr. Lederle was a philosophy scholar. Though born in Germany, due to his humanitarian attitude, he became a citizen of the entire world. Such personalities are indeed beyond the stamp of citizenships on passports!'

Fr. Lederle had not confined his work to any particular field. He had associated himself with literature, philosophy, theology, social counseling and arts. He encouraged modern Indian Christian art. The Indian Christian art has its own unique style and hence it has its own place in Indian art. One of its motivators was Fr Lederle himself. He encouraged many Christian and non- Christian artists like Gemini Roy, Jyoti Sahi, Sister Claire, for projecting Christian theology in the framework of Indian culture and philosophy. Lederle through the 'Art India' organisation in Pune, got Christmas greeting cards prepared, depicting Jesus Christ in a saffron gown, Mother Mary draped like an Indian woman and incorporating Indian symbols like Swastika, oil lamps, lotus and rangolis artistically. He made these cards popular both in India and abroad.

In his book 'Christian Paintings in India through the centuries', Lederle has discussed the Indian Christian art form since the last 2,000 years. He delivered lectures on Indian Christian art during the commemoration lectures series organised by Heras Institute of Indian History, Mumbai; in 1984.These lectures were compiled in a book, which was published after his demise.

In this lecture series, Lederle threw light on Christian art forms in Kerala during ancient times, in Goa during the medieval times, the one in Mughal courts, and even the contribution by Christian and non-Christian artists like M. F. Hussain in the twentieth century.

In keeping with the principle of inculturation, Fr. Lederle believed the Christian form of worship and lifestyle should be blended with the local culture. He wrote in his book 'Christian Painting in India': "Christianity goes back to an historic event, to a founder who lived in a specific time in a specific country, who ate the food of his region, spoke the language of his people, was inter-woven into the total human context. When the question came up of whether Christ should be painted in Indian style as regards colour of his skin, hair, dress, etc., some felt by so doing so one would betray the historic roots of this religion. Would one, for example, paint Alexander in the dress of an Indian warrior? Or would a Hindu who goes to the west portray Krishna, Shiva in western dress? The question is not too irrelevant. Christ for Christians is not only a human person; he is the object of their devotion and adoration. But again this is exactly why presentations of Christ through the centuries have been adapted to various cultures and trends and as gifted artists saw him in their intuition. Christians were not only and not primarily concerned with the Jesus of History but about the Jesus of their Faith. It is the Christ through whom they pray and whom they know is present in their hearts. Besides art has never been a photographic presentation of an event. As there grew a deepened awareness that the roots of the Christian people are in their own respective country, whether in Asia, Africa or any other continent, and a conscious identification with the whole of the respective country, this would show itself also in art." (Pages 71 and 72)

Christian art in Goa is definitely Portuguese-inspired, but it has incorporated Indian elements created to a large extent by Indian artists, says Fr. Lederle. He wrote in his above-mentioned book: "We have claimed the Greek-inspired Gandhara art and the various Islam-inspired forms of art as Indian, namely the figure of Buddha and the building of the Taj Mahal. Even if we admit that the art of Goa is somewhat aloof from the broader Indian contest, we have neglected to claim Indo-Portuguese baroque as belonging to the heritage of Indian traditions. There is every right to do this! And in doing this a beautiful new stream is added to the broad river of Indian culture. (Page 53)

Lederle insisted that the lifestyle of persons in his 'Snehasadan' ashram should be like persons living in a hermitage. Since Snehasadan was located in Shaniwar Peth, a central part of Pune, meals in Snehasadan were always pure vegetarian in keeping with the food habits of the majority people in the neighbourhood. He also appealed that all the dealings in this ashram should be in the local language, Marathi. Fr. Lederle had wished that there should be at least a 100 ashrams run by the Catholic churches in the country and these should completely blend with the local religion and culture. There should be an interaction on ideological and intellectual level with people from different religions.

Fr. Lederle motivated many artists to draw pictures on Christian themes with the background of Indian culture. Senior artist Jyoti Sahi in his preface to the book 'Christian Paintings in India through the centuries' has written a detailed account of the same. Paying tribute to Lederle, Sahi has written:

"Thinking of Fr. Lederle's attitude towards art and culture, one is impressed by the breadth of his vision, his truly universal Catholic outlook. He was deeply committed to the church, but there was nothing narrow or sectarian about him. He was a very friendly man. And I do believe that herein lies key to his character - he was one of those whom, we could call a "Universal Brother". Fr. Lederle wanted art to be an expression of that universal brotherhood - a real dialogue between people of different cultures. He did not appreciate just Indian culture; he was a lover and an admirer of his own Western culture. In Europe he showed to me treasures of Western Christian art with the same joy that in India he had shared with me the paintings of Angelo da Fonseca. It was his capacity for enthusiasm that always impressed others. He wanted to appreciate and admire everything. He was interested in modern Indian art, but he realised that it was not enough just to go back to the past. Being a good historian he knew that it is essential to discover the link with the past to feel part of a tradition. However, we must also respond creatively to the present and realise that one of the essential elements of being historical creatures is the uniqueness of our present situation, which demands from us a radically new approach to the culture and times in which we live."

Paying tributes to Fr. Lederle, Sahi says that “in trying to outline Fr. Lederle's personal contribution to the growth of Indian Christian art, I would like to mention that for many of us artists he was a "Father" in a very special way. Fr. Lederle's approach to art and artists has been essentially a pastoral one. His close friendship with artists like Angelo da Fonseca, Sr. Genevieve and Sr. Claire has been a constant source of encouragement to these and many other artists, including myself. I can say that I would never have been able to contribute my own creativity to the Church if it had not been for the constant care and guidance of Fr. Lederle. In this way, he had not only helped many artists, but also encouraged them to make a creative and fulfilling contribution to the life of the Church in India."

Fr. Lederle's ashram - Snehasadan- became a centre in Pune for cultural, religious and social interaction. Although, the Jesuits were running this ashram, Fr. Lederle allowed the use of the hall and other facilities to all irrespective of their religion, caste, or ideology. The main objective of the ashram was inter-religious harmony and interaction. A nominal fee was charged for its use. Thus various institutions and organisations in Pune working in the fields of theatre, art, literature etc. got a platform for their activities. Therefore, many amateur theatre groups could organise the first shows of their experimental plays in Snehasadan. Even after Fr. Lederle's demise, Snehasadan has continued its tradition of patronage to such organisations and individuals.

Fr. Lederle's concern for inter-religious dialogue and exchange can be best highlighted by the last few sentences in his above-mentioned book. He says: "It is the ideal that religion and art be not separated but meet in a creative endeavor. It is a hopeful sign that a church in Dadar, Bombay, has been designed by the well-known architect, Charles Correa, and that the commission for the painting of the ceiling was given to the outstanding painter, M. F. Hussein. Charles Correa is a Catholic and M. F. Hussein is a Muslim!"

It was expected that after he moved to Goa as the provincial of the Goa-Pune diocese, Fr. Lederle would work there for inter-religious harmony and inculturation among the local Christians. Goa was under Portuguese regime for almost 450 years and as a result, the local Christian community was heavily influenced by the Western culture. Like other States in the country, here, too there was little religious and cultural interaction and exchange among different communities. Lederle however did not have an opportunity to offer his contribution in Goa on this front. He had taken over as the Jesuit Provincial on June 21, 1985. Almost a year later, on June 8, 1986, he died of a heart attack while swimming at Calangute in Goa. His mortal remains were brought to Pune - the city with which he had come to be identified - and interred.

References:

1. 'Christian Paintings in India through the Centuries', by Matthew Lederle (S.J.) Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture, St. Xaviour's College, Mumbai, 400 001 and Gujarat Sahitya Prakash, Anand, Gujarat 388 001

2. 'Uttung' (Marathi)- Camil Parkhe, Pushpa Prakashan Ltd, Pune (June 1993).