Personality of Fr Gurien Jacquier

KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m

(Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ

6) Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo ì`{º$‘Îd

’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mr {eS>uOdirb amhmVm `oWo H$mhr H$mi ~Xbr Pmbr hmoVr. nwUo Y‘©àm§VmMo Z§Va {ìhH$a OZab Pmbobo ‘mopÝgZmoa ao{OZmëS> JmoÝgmbdrg ho Ë`mH$mimV amhmË`mbm ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo ghm`H$ hmoVo. JmoÝgmbdrg `m§Zr ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo ì`{º$‘Îd Am[U Ë`m§Mr H$m`©e¡br `m{df`r {b{hbo Amho. `m ‘hmZ {‘eZarMo {MÌ Ë`m§Zr nwT>rb eãXm§V aoImQ>bo Amho.

°’$mXa Jw[aEZ Om{H$`a ho ^anya C§M Am{U ~iH$Q> hmoVo. Ë`m§Mr XmT>r ’$ma H§$~aon`ªV hmoVr Am{U XmQ> ^wd`m§Imbr ^oXH$ S>moio hmoVo. Hw$R>ë`mhr àH$maMo H$ï> Vo gmogV AgV. H$R>rU n[apñWVrer Vo gm‘Zm H$aV AgV. IS>~S>rV, YwirÀ`m añË`m§dê$Z Amnë`m Q>m§½`mVyZ Vo {XdgmVyZ 30 ‘¡b àdmg H$aV AgV, CKS>çmda Hw$R>ohr PmonV AgV Am{U H$mhr H$moaS>çm MnmË`m Am{U eo§JXmÊ`m§da Vo Amnbr ^yH$ ^mJdV AgV. AemàH$maÀ`m Xm¡è`mda Vo {H$VrVar AmR>dS>o AgV Am{U {‘eZ Ho$§Ðmda naVë`mZ§Vahr Vo AJXr VmOoVdmZo Am{U AJXr V§Xwê$ñV AgV. Ë`m§Mm Agm hm {XZH«$‘ Vã~b nÞmg df} Mmby hmoVm! ’$mXa Om{H$`a AË`§V hwema hmoVo, B©ekmZ Am{U H°$Wmo{bH$ Y‘©{Z`‘m§Mm Ë`m§Mm Xm§S>Jm Aä`mg hmoVm. ^maVmV Amë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr B§J«Or Am{U ‘amR>r ^mfm§Mm Aä`mg MmbyM R>odbm hmoVm .Amnë`m Q>o~bmnmer noZ, H$mJX, {S>ŠeZar Am{U ì`mH$aUm§Mr nwñVHo$ KoD$Z Vo Aä`mg H$aV. H°$Wmo{bH$ Y‘©{ejUmÀ`m Aä`mgH«$‘mV Am{U ‘amR>r Jm`Zm§À`m nwñVH$m§V gwYmaUm KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mV Vo VmgZVmg JH©$ AgV. Vo EH$ AË`§V Cƒ XOm©Mo g§JrVH$ma hmoVo. Amnë`m {‘eZH|$ÐmVrb bmoH$m§À`m VrZ-Mma {nT>çm§Zm Ë`m§Zr gmYrgmonr Jm`Zo Am{U g§JrV{‘ñgm {eH${dbr. Vo EH$ à^mdr dºo$ hmoVo. ‘mÌ Ë`m§Mm AmdmO daÀ`m {Q>nobm nmohmoMbm H$s T>Jm§À`m JS>JS>mQ>mMmM ^mg hmoB©. ~wÕr~i, nÎmo Am{U {~{b`S>©g IoiÊ`mV Vo nma§JV hmoVo. {d{dY joÌm§Vrb Ëæmm§À`m `m H$m¡eë`m§‘wio Ë`m§À`m XJXJrÀ`m OrdZmV AË`§V Amdí`H$ AgUmam {da§Jwim {‘iV Ago. Ë`m§À`m `m H$m¡eë`mMm Ë`m§À`m AmgnmgÀ`m bmoH$m§Zmhr ’$m`Xm hmoV Ago.

Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb J§Jmnya Am{U d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`m§Vrb AZoH$ IoSy>V ’$mXa Om{H$`aÀ`m ê$nmZo n{hë`m§XmM EImXr `wamo{n`Z ì`ŠVr nmhmV hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m Ë`m XmQ> ^wd`m, C§Monwao VJS>o eara Am{U XwWS>r ^ê$Z dmhUmè`m JmoXmdarÀ`m nmÊ`mgmaIm JO©Umam Ë`m§Mm Vmo AmdmO Hw$UmÀ`mhr N>mVrV YS>H$s {Z‘m©U H$aUmam hmoVm. ñdV:hÿZ Ë`m§À`mH$S>o OmÊ`mMr Hw$UmMrhr qh‘V ZìhVr. ’$mXa Hw$R>ë`mhr dñVrV {eabo H$s {VWë`m Am`m~m`m Amnë`m S>moŠ`mdaÀ`m nXamZo Moham A{YH$M PmHy$Z KoV Am{U bJ~JrZo PmonS>çm§V {eaV. bhmZ ‘wbo~mio Km~ê$Z qH$MmiV, aS>V Xya niV OmV. nmamda nÎ`m§Mm S>md IoiV Agbobr nwê$f‘§S>ir KmB©KmB©Zo nÎmo bn{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aV. ‘mÌ Vmon`ªV Iyn Cera Pmbobm Ago. ’$mXam§À`m ZOaoVyZ Ë`m§Mm nÎ`m§Mm S>md {ZgQ>bobm ZgVmo. Amnë`m bm§~ T>m§H$m Q>mH$V Vo nmamOdi nmohmoMV Am{U nÎ`m§Mr ‘mJUr H$aV. Z§Va {VWë`mM EH$m XJS>mda ~gyZ Vo nÎmo {ngm`bm bmJm`Mo. Vmon`ªV ^rS> Monboë`m Ë`m ‘mUgm§H$Sy>Z Vo Ë`m§À`m nË`m§Mm S>md {eHy$Z KoV Am{U Z§Va Ë`m§ZmM Ë`m§À`m Ë`m S>mdm§V hadm`Mo. Amnë`mbm ‘mhrV Agbobo S>mdhr ’$mXa Ë`m Jmddmë`m§Zm {eH$dV AgV. nÎmo A{YH$ g§»`on`ªV H$go ‘moOm`Mo hohr Vo Ë`m {Zaja IoSy>Vm§Zm {eH$dV.

Ë`mZ§Va dfm©Zwdf} ’$mXa Om{H$`a Ë`m Am{U BVa Jmdm§Zm ^oQ> XoV am{hbo. Amnë`m Ë`m Zoho‘rÀ`m XJS>m§da dm nmam§da ~gyZ VoWrb JmdH$è`m§er Vo nÎmo IoiV, g§dmX gmYV. Vmon`ªV nwîH$i Jmdm§V AZoH$ bmoH$ {¼ñVr Pmbobo Agm`Mo. JmdÀ`m nmQ>rb Am{U BVa qhXy bmoH$m§erhr ’$mXam§Mo Mm§Jbo g§~§Y {Z‘m©U Pmbobo Agm`Mo. nwT>À`m H$mimV ’$mXa Om{H$`a Ambo Va VoWrb Am`m~m`m§Zm Km~ê$Z PmonS>rV {eaÊ`mMr JaO ^mgV Zgo. CbQ> Amnë`m bhmZ½`m ‘wbm§Zm KoD$Z Ë`m ’$mXam§Zm ^oQ>m`bm `m`À`m. Vmon`ªV CVmad`mH$S>o PwH$bobo ’$mXa Om{H$`a AmVm gJù`m§Mo Om{H$`a~m~m ~Zbobo AgV. H$mhr ‘wbo Va Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m H$‘aoda éiUmè`m XmT>rerhr Mmim H$aV. H$mhr XeH$m§nydu `mM bhmZ ‘wbm§Mo AmB©dS>rb Am{U H$Xm{MV AmOr-AmOmo~mgwÕm ’$mXa Om{H$`abm nmhÿZ bm§~ nimbo hmoVo.''

’$mXa {‘Mob \$m°aob `m§Zr Om{H$`a~m~m§{df`r gZ 1909 ‘Ü`o {bhrbo hmoVo. ""Jobr nmM df} ‘mPo Jwê$ ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m ‘mJ©Xe©ZmImbr ‘r {‘eZH$m‘mMo YS>o KoVmo Amho. `oWrb Am‘Mo gd© {¼ñVr bmoH$ ‘hma `m Añn¥í` OmVrMo AmhoV. Amnë`m OwÝ`m gd`r Q>mHy$Z {¼ñVr Y‘m©à‘mUo dmJUo Ë`m§Zm {VVHo$ gmono OmV Zmhr. H$mhr OUm§Mm AndmX gmoS>bm Va ho ~hþVoH$ gd© bmoH$ hiyhiy {¼ñVr àoaUm Am{U OrdZe¡brMm ñdrH$ma H$aVmV. ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm Vo Amnë`m {nË`mg‘mZ ‘mZ XoVmV. `oWrb EHy$U 3900 ~m{áñå`m§n¡H$s 3000 ~m{áñ‘o ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§ZrM Ho$bo AmhoV. `oWrb ‘hmam§Zm ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m{df`r Iyn ^rVr dmQ>Vo Am{U Ë`mM~amo~a Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m{df`r Iyn ào‘hr Amho. ~mhoarb BVam§er ~mobVm§Zm Vo AmXamZo ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m ñd^mdm~Ôb, Ë`m§À`m bm§~bMH$ XmT>r~Ôb Am{U Vo amJmV Agë`mda Ë`m§Mo S>moio {H$Vr ^r{VXm`H$ AgV `m~Ôb gm§JV AgVmV. ’$mXa Om{H$`a ñd^mdmZo IynM Mm§Jbo AmhoV Am{U AS>rAS>MUrÀ`m H$mimV Ë`m§À`m nmR>r‘mJo amhUmar Am{U Ë`m§Zm ‘XV H$aUmar Xwgar BVa Hw$R>brhr ì`º$s Zmhr Ago ho bmoH$ AJXr Iwë`m ‘ZmZo gm§JVmV.""

KmoJaJmdÀ`m {¼ñVamOm ‘§{Xa Y_©J«m_mÀ`m 'qMVZ' `m ‘wInÌmÀ`m E{àb 2004 A§H$mV ~miy Jm`H$dmS> `m§Mr hr H${dVm Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {MÌ S>moù`mnwT>o C^o H$aVo.

H$mir Q>monr bm§~ XmT>r, emo^o Om{H$`a~m~mbm

hmM Iam ‘hmamï´>mV Y‘©Jwê$ n{hbm

d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`mV N>moQ>g§ ho Jmd

Am¡a§Jm~mX Y‘©àm§VmV n{hbo KmoJaJmd

ñ‘emZ^y‘rV amhÿZ ‘mJ© Xmdrbm OZm§Zm

Q>n Q>n KmoS>çm§Mm Q>m§Jm OmB© IoS>çm§da

Ho$bm Y‘m©Mm àMma ào‘ XrZm§da

gË` dmMZ ew^ AmMaU emo^o nm§T>è`m P½`mbm

{ZË` H$ar H«w$g àmW©Zm On‘mi

A{daV H$îQ>m§‘YyZ ~m§{Ybo XoD$i

KUKU K§Q>m dmOo Xmhr {Xem§Zm

hmM Iam ‘hmamï´>mV Y‘©Jwê$ n{hbm

Arrival of Christianity in Nizam's Hyderabad state

KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m

(Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

5) h¡Xam~mXÀ`m {ZOm‘ g§ñWmZmV {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mo AmJ‘Z

`oey {¼ñVmMm {eî` Agboë`m g§V Wm°‘g `mZo H$oai amÁ`mV {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mm àgma Ho$bm. Ë`m‘wio {I«ñVr Y‘m©bm ^maVmV XmoZ hOma dfmªMr na§nam Amho. ‘Ü``wJrZ H$mimV nmoVw©JrOm§À`m AmJ‘ZmZ§Va {¼ñVr Y‘© Jmoì`mV Am[U ‘w§~B©Odi dgB© `oWo ê$Obm. g‘«mQ> AH$~amÀ`m Xa~mamVhr `oeyg§Kr` Y‘©Jwê§$Zr hOoar bmdbr hmoVr. ‘mÌ Ë`mH$mimV CÎma [h§XwñWmZmV {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mm àgma Pmbm Zmhr. {~«{Q>e Amnbm A§‘b qhXwñWmZmV àñWm{nV H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aV hmoVo Ë`m H$mimV XoemVrb gd©M amOo‘hmamOm§À`m g¡Ý`XimV {¼ñVr A{YH$mar dm g¡{ZH$ h‘Img Agm`Mo. `mn¡H$s H$mhr {~«{Q>e Va BVa OU Ë`mµH$mir nmoVw©JrOm§À`m A_bmImbr Agboë`m Jmoì`mVrb AgV. qhXwñWmZmV B©ñQ> B§{S>`m H§$nZrMm amÁ`H$ma^ma gwê$ Pmbm, Voìhm H§$nZrÀ`m g¡Ý`XimVhr AZoH$ àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> Am{U H°$Wmo{bH$ A{YH$mar Am{U g¡{ZH$ hmoVo. Ë`m‘wio `m OmJmoOmJÀ`m g¡Ý`XimV {‘{bQ>ar M°ßboZ åhUyZ {¼ñVr Y‘©Jwê§$Mr JaO ^mgy bmJbr. AemàH$mao XoemÀ`m gd© H$mZmH$monè`mVrb H±$ånmV {¼ñVr Y‘©Jwê§$Mo AmJ‘Z Pmbo. Ë`m {R>H$mUr ~m§YÊ`mV Amboë`m M°nob qH$dm MM©À`m ê$nmZo Ë`m {R>H$mUr gd©àW‘ {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mr JwT>r C^maÊ`mV Ambr.

hr {¼ñV‘§{Xao ~m§YÊ`mgmR>r ñWm{ZH$ amÁ`H$Ë`mªZr O‘rZOw‘bm Am[U AW© gmhmæ` CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbo Ago C„oI AmT>iVmV. CXmhaUmW© -nwUo Y‘©J«m‘mVrb gdm©V OwZo {¼ñV ‘§{Xa Agbobo {gQ>r MM© ~m§YÊ`mgmR>r ‘hmXOr {e§Xo `m§Zr 1794 gmbr O‘rZ Am{U {ZYr nwadbm hmoVm.¹

nwÊ`mVrb {gQ>r MM©‘Ü`o Y‘©Jwê$ Agbobo ’$mXa bmonrg S>r H$m°Ýgogmd ho gZ 1812 À`m gw‘mamg Am¡a§Jm~mX `oWo ~m§Yboë`m M°nobbm (Y‘©Jwê§$Mo {ZdmgñWmZ Zgbobo N>moQ>o {¼ñVr XoD$i) ^oQ>r XoV AgV. Am¡a§Jm~mX Am{U OmbZm `oWrb g¡{ZH$s Vim§darb `wamo{n`Z Am{U qhXwñWmZr bîH$ar Am{U ‘wbH$s ì`º$s¨gmR>r Y‘©Jwê$ `m ZmË`mZo Vo Amnbo H$V©ì` nma nmS>V AgV. 1828 ‘Ü`o Jmoì`mÀ`m AmM©{~enm§À`m A{YH$mam§À`m AIË`marV Am¡a§Jm~mX Am{U OmbZm `m eham§gmR>r àË`oH$s EH$m Y‘©Jwê$Mr Zo‘UyH$ H$aÊ`mV Ambr.²

{ZOm‘mÀ`m h¡Xam~mX g§ñWmZmV {gH§$Xam~mX `oWo Wm°‘g {‘S>ëQ>Z `m àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> Y‘©Jwê$Zo 1814 ‘Ü`o MM©Mr ñWmnZm Ho$br. 1834 ‘Ü`o VoWrb g§V Om°Z MM©V’}$ Ë`m g§ñWmZmV g§V Om°Z J«°‘a ñH$yb hr n{hbr emim gwê$ H$aÊ`mV Ambr. {hM emim nwT>o h¡Xam~mX ao{gS>oÝgr ñHy$b åhUyZ AmoiIbr OmD$ bmJbr. gZ 1835 ‘Ü`o MM© Am°’$ B§½b§S>Zo {gH§$Xam~mXbm Amnbo g§ñWoMo ñWm{ZH$ ‘w»`mb` C^mabo. Ë`mH$mimV {ZOm‘r g§ñWmZmMmM ^mJ Agboë`m ‘amR>dmS>çmVrb Am¡a§Jm~mX Am{U OmbZm `oWo emIm gwê$ Ho$ë`m.

Aìdb {~«{Q>e Am‘XmZrÀ`m H$mimV h¡Xam~mXÀ`m {ZOm‘r g§ñWmZmV OZVobm CXy© `m àemgH$s` ^mfoÀ`m ‘mÜ`‘mVyZM {ejU ¿`mdo bmJV Ago. gZ 1880 nydu `m g§ñWmZmV qhXy g‘mOmbm {ejU XoUmar A{YH¥$V Aer EH$hr emim ZìhVr. {ZOm‘r gaH$mar CXy© emim§V Añn¥í`m§Zmhr àdoe Ago, emioVrb ‘wgb‘mZ {ejH$ Añn¥í`m§À`m ‘wbm§Zm ñn¥í` ‘wbm§À`m ~amo~a ~gdV `mMmhr gdU© nmbH$m§Zm amJ `oV Ago.<sup>3</sup> nU {ejU ¿`m`Mo Agë`mZo ‘wpñb‘ amÁ`H$Ë`mªnwT>o Ë`m§Mm ZmB©bmO hmoVm. nwT>o {¼ñVr {‘eZatZrhr Amnë`m emim§V ñn¥í`m§~amo~a Añn¥í`m§Zmhr àdoe {Xbm, Voìhmhr Cƒd{U©`m§Zm Amnbr ZmamOr bndVm Ambr Zmhr.

gmogm`Q>r ’$m°a Xr àmonoJoeZ Am°’$ Xr Jm°ñnob (EgnrOr) `m {‘eZar§À`m g§ñWoZo OmbZm `oWo H$m`© gwê$ Ho$bo. {‘eZatÀ`m emim§V gd© OmVrY‘m©À`m ‘wbm§Zm {eH$dbo OmV Ago. H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> {‘eZar§À`m ‘amR>dmS>çmVrb AmJ‘Zm‘wio VoWrb X{bV ‘wbm§Zm àW‘V:M {ejUmMo XadmOo Iwbo Pmbo. gZ 1862 nmgyZ OmbÝ`mV aoìh. Zmam`Uemór eofmÐr `m§Mr Y‘©Jwê$ åhUyZ Zo‘UyH$ Pmbr Am{U `m g§ñWoÀ`m H$m`m©Mm ì`mn dmT>bm. gZ 1868 ‘Ü`o EHy$U 1011 X{bVm§Zr {¼ñVr Y‘m©V àdoe H$obm. `m X{bVm§‘Ü`o ‘m§J, ‘hma Am[U Mm§^ma OmVtÀ`m bmoH$m§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVm. {‘eZ H$m`m©~amo~aM X{bV g‘mOmÀ`m CÞÎmrgmR>r aoìh. eofmÐr `m§Zr {deof à`ËZ Ho$bo. Ë`m‘wioM B{VhmgH$ma h§Q>a `m§Zr Ë`m§Zm Wmoa g‘mOgwYmaH$ åhUyZ g§~mo{Ybo Amho.

aoìh. Zmam`Uemór eofmX«r `m§Zr {ZOm‘mMo VËH$mbrZ {XdmU ga gmbmaO§J n{hbm `mÀ`mH$S>yZ OmbZm ehamOdi 800 EH$a O‘rZ 25 dfmªgmR>r {dZmnÅ>m {‘i{dbr hmoVr. Ë`m ‘miamZmda Ë`m§Zr ~oWob `m ZmdmZo IoS>o dgdbo. `m OmJobm Z§Va ~oWobdmS>r Ago Zmd {‘imbo. emór~wdm§Zr `oWo Zd{¼ñVr g‘mOmgmR>r dgmhV ~Zdbr. Ë`m§À`m nmUrnwadR>çmgmR>r VoWo ghm {d{har ImoXë`m. EH$ MM© Am{U EH$ ‘erX ~m§Ybr, VgoM ~mOmanoR>oMr Am{U H$m`©emioMrhr C^maUr Ho$br.

eofmÐr `m§Zr Zd{¼ñVr g‘mOmgmR>r EH$m ñdV§Ì IoS>çmMr C^maUr Ho$br hr ‘moR>r H«$m§{VH$maH$ KQ>Zm hmoVr Ago Eb. dm`. Am¡Ma‘b `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho. nma§n[aH$ {df‘VmÝ` g‘mOaMZobm åhUOo {df‘Vobm {Xbobr hr EH$ ‘moR>r MnamH$M hmoVr Ago Ë`m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho. {d^º$ g‘mOaMZoV JmdHw$gm~mhoa Cno{jV amhÊ`mnojm X{bVm§MoM EH$ ñdV§Ì Jmd AgUo `mnojm Xwgar H«$m§Vr H$moUVr Agy eH$Vo ?⁴

gmogm`Q>r ’$m°a Xr àmonoJoeZ Am°’$ Xr Jm°ñnob `m g§ñWoZo nwwT>o Am¡a§Jm~mX‘Ü`o hmobr {Q´>{ZQ>r (n{dÌ EoŠ`) MM© ~m§Ybo. {~«{Q>e bîH$ar A{YH$mè`m§Zr 5,000 ê$n`o Am{U {ZOm‘mZo 5,000 ê$n`o ‘XV {Xë`mZ§Va {~en Jm°b `m§À`m ‘mJ©Xe©ZmImbr ho MM© ~m§YÊ`mV Ambo. Am¡a§Jm~mXÀ`m N>mdUr n[agamV Q>mobZmŠ`mÀ`m ‘mJo ho MM© AmOhr dmnamV Amho.

àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> {‘eZar§Zr `m H$mimV bmoh‘mJm©da AgUmè`m na^Ur, Zm§XoS>, CXJra goby dJ¡ao {R>H$mUr {‘eZH$m`© gwê$ Ho$bo. `m n[agamV Ë`m§Zr Xodio C^mabr, emim Am{U dg{VJ¥ho gwê$ Ho$br. `m emim§V Am{U dg{VJ¥hm§V X{bVm§Zmhr àdoe Agë`mZo àW‘V:M `m Cno{jVm§Zm {‘eZar§À`m ê$nmZo Hw$Ur dmbr {‘imbm. ho {‘eZar àgma H$aV Agboë`m Y‘m©H$S>o Vo AmH$[f©V Pmbo Va Ë`mV Zdb Ago H$mhr ZìhVo.

’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo KmoJaJmdmV AmJ‘Z Pmbo Ë`mAmYrM AemàH$mao {ZOm‘r g§ñWmZmV {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mr nVmH$m ’$S>H${dÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr. Ë`mdoir bîH$ar H±$nmV Y‘©Jwê$§Mo H$m‘ g¡{ZH$s VimVrb A{YH$mar Am{U g¡{ZH$m§gmR>r ‘`m©{XV hmoVo. ‘amR>dmS>çmV OmbÝ`mgma»`m H$mhr ^mJm§V AJXr àW‘V:M EVÔoer` Añn¥í` g‘mOmV àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> n§{W`m§Mo ào{fV H$m`© gwê$ Pmbo hmoVo. {ZPm‘ g§ñWmZmVrb ‘amR>dmS>çmV EVÔoer` bmoH$m§‘Ü`o ào{fV H$m`© H$aUmao ’$mXa ‘m[a`Z Wm°‘g Am{U ’$mXa Om{H$`a ho AmÚ H°$Wmo{bH$n§Wr` Y‘©Jwê$ hmoVo.

g§X^© :

1) nwUo H°$Wmo{bH$ S>m`mo{gg S>m`aoŠQ>ar 2006 (nmZ 23)

2) EZ}ñQ> Ama hb (`oeyg§K), '~m°å~o {‘eZ [hñQ>ar {dW A ñnoeb ñQ>S>r Am°’$ Xr nmÐmoS>mo ¹$íMZ(^mJ n[hbm), EŠPm{‘Za àog, ‘oS>moO ñQ´>rQ>, ’$moQ>©, ‘w§~B©, 1927 (nmZ 201)

3) (Am§~oS>H$ar Midi Am{U h¡Xam~mX g§ñWmZmVrb X{bV ‘wº$s g§J«m‘, S>m°. Eb dm` Am¡Ma‘b, gwJmdm àH$meZ, 861/1, gXm{ed noR>, nwUo 411 030, àW‘md¥Îmr, 1997) (nmZ 44)

4) darbà‘mUo, (nmZ 49)

Fr Jacquierbaba's initial years in Ghogargaon

KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m

(Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

3) noaUrMm H$mi

’$mXa Om{H$`a KmoJaJmdbm Ambo Voìhm VoWo ’$mXam§Mo N>moQ>ogo Ka hmoVo. emioV {eH${dUmao ghm {ejH$ Am{U ZmWy {eZJmao hm ‘w»` H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> hmoVm. KmoJaJmd {‘eZHo$§ÐmVrb Jmdm§‘Yrb {¼íMZm§Mr g§»`m 210 hmoVr. KmoJaJmdmV 1897 gmbr {dH$V KoVboë`m ‘moR>çm O‘rZrda ~«Xa Omogo’$ `m§Zr {‘eZ ~§Jbm C^m Ho$bm. `m ~§Jë`m‘Ü`o àW‘Xe©Zr [¼ñVamOmMo EH$ N>moQ>ogo ‘§{Xa hmoVo. Ë`m ‘§{Xambm bmJyZM ‘mJo ’$mXam§Mo XmoZ Imoë`m§Mo {ZdmgñWmZ ~m§YÊ`mV Ambo. ’$mXa ~§Jë`mbm bmJyZM Img H°$Q>o{H$ñQ>m§gmR>r emim ~m§YÊ`mV Ambr.

gZ 2005 gmbr KmoJaJmdmbm ‘r ^oQ> {Xbr Voìhm EH$ eVH$nyduMo ho ~m§YH$m‘ Voìhmhr ‘O~yV ñdê$nmV C^o hmoVo. ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo H$m`m©b` Agbobr Imobr, Ë`m§Mo Q>o~b, IwMr© Am{U BVa ~aoM OwZo ’${Z©Ma Ë`m {‘eZHo$§ÐmÀ`m e§^a dfmªÀ`m B{VhmgmMr gmj XoV hmoVo. KmoJaJmdmV Amë`mZ§Va ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr {‘eZH$m`m©gmR>r Amnë`m Jwê$Mm åhUOo ’$mXa dmBghm¡ßQ> `m§Mm {H$Îmm {Jadbm. doJdoJù`m Jmdm§V OmD$Z gwdmVm© gm§JUo, ~m{áñ‘m XoUo Am{U Zd{¼ñVr bmoH$m§À`m AÜ`m{Ë‘H$ JaOm ^mJ{dUo EH$ {H$§dm XmoZ Y‘©Jwê§$Zm eŠ` ZìhVo. H$mhr ‘{hÝ`m§Z§Va Y‘©Jwê$ ^oQ>rg Amë`mg Ë`m JmdmVrb ~m{áñ‘m KoVbobo {Zaja bmoH$ Vmon`ªV gd© àmW©Zm {dgê$Z OmV, Va H$mhr OU nwÝhm Amnë`m OwÝ`m Y‘m©V Jobobo AgV. àË`oH$ JmdmV à{e{jV H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> Zo‘bo Va Ago hmoV Zmhr ho ’$mXa dmB©nhm¡ñQ> `m§Zr XmIdyyZ {Xbo hmoVo. ’$mXam§À`m AZwnpñWVrV ñWm{ZH$ JmdH$è`m§Mr {¼ñVr lÜXm {Q>H$dyyZ R>odUo, Ë`m§Zm {¼ñVr lÜXoV dmT>{dUo {h H°$Q>o{H$ñQ>m§Mr à‘wI O~m~Xmar Ago. ’$mXa dmB©ghm¡ßQ> ho V§Ì H$|XiMo ’$mXa ‘mgoo©b {S>gmoPm `m§À`mH$Sy>Z {eH$bo hmoVo. {‘eZar åhUyZ nwT>o nÞmg dfo© H$m‘ H$aVmZm ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr hmM {H$Îmm {Jadbm.

’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr gwê$ Ho$boë`m H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> à{ejU emioV 12 Vo 17 d`moJQ>mMr ‘wbo AgV. `m Vê$Um§Zm ‘amR>r ^mfoMo ì`mH$aU, J{UV, ^yJmob, B{Vhmg Am{U Y‘©emómMo {ejU {Xbo OmB©. bmoH$m§Zm {¼ñVrY‘© {eH${dUmao H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> ñdV: Mm§Jbo {e{jV Agm`bm nm{hOo `mMr OmUrd ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm g§J‘ZoaÀ`m dmñVì`mV Pmbr hmoVr. `m Vê$U H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> C‘oXdmam§Zm Ë`m§À`m {ddmhmZ§Va doJdoJù`m IoS>oJmdm§V Zo‘bo OmB©. {‘eZÀ`m VoWrb emim§V {ejH$ Am{U Ë`mMà‘mUo Y‘©{ejH$ åhUyZ VoWo Vo H$m‘ H$aV AgV. Y‘©Jwê$ Ë`m JmdÀ`m ^oQ>rda `oV Ë`mdoir àmW©ZogmR>r Am{U n{dÌ {‘ñgogmR>r gd© {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~m§Zm EH$Ì ~mobmdUo, Ë`m§Mr àm`píMV Am{U H$å`w{Z`Z g§ñH$mam§gmR>r nyd©V`mar H$aUo Aer H$m‘o Vo H$aV. Ah‘XZJa Am{U Am¡a§Jm~mX {Oëøm§V {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwê$dmVrg AemàH$mao H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> `m g§ñWoMm àma§^ Pmbm. ZdY‘mªVrb {¼ñVr g‘mOmÀ`m nwT>rb e§^a dfmªÀ`m dmQ>MmbrV {H$VrVar H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> ‘mñVam§Zr Am{U Jwê$OtZr ‘hËdmMo `moJXmZ Ho$bo Amho. `m {Oëøm§Vrb àË`oH$ {‘eZñWmZm§V H°$Q>o{H$ñQ>m§À`m VrZ-Mma {nT>çm§Zr H$m‘ Ho$bo Amho. A{bH$S>À`m H$mimV Zdr {‘eZHo$§Ðo {Z‘m©U Pmbr, ñWm{ZH$ Y‘©Jwê$§Mr g§»`m dmT>br, VgVgo Y‘©Jwê§$Zr H°$Q>o{H$ñQ>m§da Adb§~yZ amhÊ`mMr JaO am{hbr Zmhr. Ë`m‘wio H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> hr g§ñWmM Zï> hmoV Mmbbr Amho.

gZ 1897 Vo 1900 `m H$mimV XwîH$mim‘wioo bmoH$m§Mo Iyn hmb Pmbo. `mM H$mimV ßboJ Am{U H$m°bamÀ`m gmWrhr Mmby hmoË`m. ^wHo$Zo Am{U amoJm§Zr ÌñV Pmboë`m eoH$S>mo bmoH$m§Zm ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr ‘XV H$obr. ’$mXam§‘wio {H$VrVar bmoH$m§Mo àmU dmMbo. XodXwVmgmaIo ‘XVrgmR>r YmdyZ Amboë`m ’$mXam§Mm Am{U Ë`m§À`m {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mm bmoH$m§da à^md nS>Uo gmh{OH$M hmoVo. Ë`m‘wio KmoJaJmd n[agamVrb AZoH$ JmdÀ`m bmoH$m§Zr `m H$mimV {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm. gZ 1900 ‘Ü`o ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr 1,200 ì`º$s¨Zm ~m{áñ_m {Xbm Am[U `mn¡H$s ~hþVoH$ OU àm¡T> hmoVo. KmoJaJmdmVrb ‘mÂ`m AmB©À`m AmB©d{S>bm§Mm Am{U dmhoJmdmVrb ‘mÂ`m d{S>bm§À`m AmB©d{S>bm§Mmhr H$Xm{MV `m bmoH$m§‘Ü`o g‘mde Agob.

’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm {Z`{‘VnUo X¡Z§{XZr {b{hÊ`mMr gd` hmoVr. `m S>m`arÀ`m Zm|Xtdê$Z Ë`mMr OrdZe¡br, {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwê$dmVrÀ`m H$mimVrb gm‘m{OH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ n[apñWVrMr H$ënZm `oVo. KmoJaJmd {‘eZ hiyhiy AmH$ma KoV hmoVo. gZ 1902 ’$mXam§Zr KmoJaJmdmV gmVeo ê$n`m§V EH$ eoV {dH$V KoVbo Am{U eoOmaÀ`m ~moaga JmdmV H°$Q>o{H$ñQ>À`m ZmdmZo OmJm {dH$V KoVbr.

gZ 1907 À`m dm{f©H$ AhdmbmZwgma Ë`m {‘eZHo$§ÐmV 3,225 {¼ñVr bmoH$g§»`m hmoVr, H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> Am{U ‘mñVam§Mr g§»`m 26 hmoVr Am{U Ë`mdfr© 444 OUm§Zm ~m{áñ‘m XoÊ`mV Ambm hmoVm. H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> emioV 25 à{ejUmWu hmoVo. ’$mXam§Mo H$m`© Ho$di AÜ`mpË‘H$ ñdê$nmMo ZìhVo. ñWm{ZH$ bmoH$m§Zm gmja H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m {‘eZH|$ÐmV 1907 n`ªV EHy$U 25 emim gwê$ Ho$ë`m hmoË`m Am{U Ë`m emim§V 325 ‘wbo‘wbr {eH$V hmoVo. KmoJaJmd {‘eZHo$§X«mÀ`m H$m`©joÌm§V {¼ñVr bmoH$ Agboë`m Jmdm§Mr g§»`m 55 hmoVr. ’$mXa Om{H$`a Am{U Ë`m§Mo ghH$mar KmoS>çmda gdma hmoD$Z `m gd© Jmdm§Zm ^oQ>r XoV AgV.Z§VaÀ`m H$mimV ’$mXa Om{H$`a EH$ KmoS>m Agboë`m N>H$S>çmVyZ àdmg H$aV AgV. ‘mPo ‘m‘m dm‘Z Am{U em§ËdZ {eZJmao ho H$mhr H$mi `m N>H$S>çmMo JmS>rdmZ hmoVo. Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m g‘mYrñWimV AmOhr OnyZ R>odÊ`mV Ambobm hm N>H$S>m Ë`m O‘mÝ`mVrb ào{fVH$m`m©À`m ñ‘¥VtZm COmim XoV AgVmo.

Untouchability, casteism in Maharashtra

4) JmdHw$gmVrb, JmdHw$gm~mhoaMo OJ

{h§XwñWmZmV {~«{Q>em§Mm A§_b gwê$ Pmbm Voìhm `m XoemVrb ~hþVoH$ àm§Vm§Vrb g_mO ñn¥í`, Añn¥í` Am{U doJdoJù`m OmVr-O_mVtV {d^mJbm hmoVm. {~«{Q>em§À`m amOdQ>rV nmíMmË` {dMmam§Mo XoemV dmao dmhÿ bmJbo VgVgo nwamoJm_r nwT>mè`m§Zr Añn¥í`Vm {Z_y©bZmgmR>r bT>m gwê$ Ho$bm. _mÌ Xoembm ñdmV§Í` {_imë`mZ§Va Am{U H$m`ÚmZo Añn¥í`VmnmbZmda ~§Xr `oD$Zhr hr àWm {H$Ë`oH$ df} MmbyM am{hbr hmoVr. \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr {h§XwñWmZmV Amë`mZ§Va Añn¥í` g_mOmÀ`m gm_m{OH$ Am{U AmÜ`mpË_H$ CÞÎmrgmR>r H$m`© Ho$bo. `m _hma g_mOmMr Ë`mdoiMr gm_m{OH$ pñWVrMr, `m OmVrÀ`m bmoH$m§Zm Ë`mH$mimV ^moJmì`m bmJUmè`m `mVZm§Mr _m{hVr H$ê$Z KoÊ`mgmR>r VËH$mbrZ J«m_rU g_mOOrdZmMr AmoiI AgUo OéarMo Amho.

_hmamï´>mVrb IoS>oJmdm§V Ë`m nyU© JmdmVrb bmoH$dñVr EH$mM {R>H$mUr AmT>iV Zmhr. H$mhr OU Amnë`m eoVm§da amhmV AgVmV, H$mhr {R>H$mUr Xhm-~mam Kao EH$Ì AmT>iVmV Am{U Ë`m dñVrbm dmS>r åhQ>bo OmVo. JmdMr _w»` dñVr åhUOo JmdR>mU. H$moH$UMm AndmX gmoS>bm Va JmdR>mU Am{U dmS>çm AemàH$maMr dñVr ~hþVoH$ {R>H$mUr gmnS>Vo. `m JmdR>mUm^modVr Mmoam-XamoS>oImoam§nmgyZ g§ajUmgmR>r VQ>~§Xr Ho$br Agm`Mr, `m VQ>~§Xrbm JmdHw$gy åhQ>bo Om`Mo. JmdR>mUmV åhUOo `m JmdHw$gmÀ`m AmV g_mOmÀ`m Cƒ dUm©À`m åhUOo ñn¥í` OmVrÀ`m bmoH$m§Mr Kao Agm`Mr. JmdHw$gmÀ`m ~mhoa ImbÀ`m OmVrÀ`m åhUOoM Añn¥í` OmVr§À`m bmoH$m§Mr dñVr Agm`Mr. `m Añn¥í` g_mOmV _hma, _m§J Am{U Mm§^ma `m OmVtMm g_mdoe Agm`Mm.

_hmamï´>mÀ`m OdiOdi gd©M ^mJm§V Añn¥í` g_mOmV _hma OmVrÀ`m bmoH$m§Mr g§»`m gdm©{YH$ AmT>iVo. `m amÁ`mÀ`m gd©M Jmdm§V _hmam§Mr dñVr AgVoM. `m~m~V _mZdd§eemók BamdVr H$d} `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho {H$, ""BVa H$moUVrhr OmV KoVbr Var gmd©{ÌH$ dmñVì`m~m~V _hmam§Mr ga Xwgè`m H$moUË`mhr OmVrbm Zmhr. _hma ~hþg§»` H$moR>ohr ZmhrV. nU _hmam§Mr dgVr _wir ZmhrM Aer Jmdo _bm AOyZ AmT>ibr ZmhrV.""<sup>1</sup> _hma bmoH$m§À`m gmd©{ÌH$ dmñVì`m_wioM `m àXoembm _hmam§Mo amï´>, _hmamï´> Ago Zmd {_imbo Ago H$mhr g§emoYH$m§Mo åhUUo Amho. '_hma Am{U _hmamï´>' `m Amnë`m boImMm eodQ> BamdVr H$d} `m§Zr 'OoWn`ªV _hma nmoMbo {VWndªV _hmamï´>' Aem AdVaUmV Ho$bm Amho.

JmdHw$gmÀ`m AmVrb daÀ`m OmVr§À`m Am{U JmdHw$gm~mhoaÀ`m ~{hîH¥$V, ImbÀ`m OmVr§À`m g_mOOrdZmMo Xe©Z KS>dUmar H$mhr nwñVHo$ {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwédmVrg Am{U Ë`mZ§Va à{gÜX Pmbr hmoVr. {~«{Q>e Am_XmZrÀ`m H$mimV ñn¥í`m§Mo Am{U Añn¥í`m§Mo nañnag§~§Y, ~bwVoXmar Am{U JmdHw$gm~mhoa OJUmè`m bmoH$m§Mr VËH$mbrZ OrdZe¡br `m~Ôb {dídmgmh© _mZVm `oB©b Aer _m{hVr hr nwñVHo$ nwadVmV. Ë`mH$mimVrb g_mOOrdZmMm Aä`mg H$aUmè`m g§emoYH$m§À`m Ñï>rZo hr nwñVHo$ AË`§V _m¡ë`dmZ AmhoV. {̧~H$ Zmam`U AmÌo `m§Zr {b{hbobo 'JmdJmS>m' Am{U 1915 gmbr à{gÜX Pmbobo ho Ë`mn¡H$s EH$ AË`§V _hÎdmMo nwñVH$ Amho.<sup>2</sup> {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwê$dmVrVrb Aìdb B§J«Or Am_XmZrÀ`m H$mimVrb npíM_ _hmamï´>mVrb J«m_rU OrdZmMr ho nwñVH$ AmoiI H$ê$Z XoVo. aoìh. AboŠPm§S>a am°~Q>©gZ `m§Mo 1938 gmbr à{gÜX Pmbobo 'Xr _hma \$moëH$ - A ñQ>S>r Am°\$ AZQ>Mo~ëg BZ _hmamï´>' `m nwñVH$mVyZ Ah_XZJa, am`JS> (Hw$bm~m ho AmYrMo Zmd) {Oëho Am{U ZmJnya `m n[agamVrb _hmam§Mo JmdJmS>çmVrb ñWmZ Am{U Ë`m§Mr OrdZe¡br `m{df`r _m{hVr {_iVo.<sup>3</sup> (`m nwñVH$mMr _amR>r Amd¥Îmrhr AmVm CnbãY Amho. ⁴ ) Ë`mZ§VaÀ`m H$mimVrb åhUOo 1950À`m Xaå`mZ _hmamï´>mVrb Jm_rU g_mOOrdZmMr _m{hVr H$ê$Z XoUmao {d. _. Xm§S>oH$a Am{U _. ^m OJVmn `m§Zr {b{hbobo '_hmamï´>mMr J«m_rU g_mOaMZm' ho AmUIr EH$ _hÎdmMo nwñVH$ Amho. nwÊ`mÀ`m JmoIbo AW©emó g§emoYZ g§ñWoZo _hmamï´>mV 1951-52 gmbr gd}jU Ho$bo hmoVo. Ë`m gd}jUmVyZ hmVr Ambobr _m{hVr `m nwñVH$mV g§H${bV Ho$br Amho.<sup>5</sup> ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimVhr Añn¥í`m§Zm Hw$R>ë`m hmbAnoï>m§Zm Vm|S> Úmdo bmJV hmoVo `mMo {MÌU 1970 Z§Va à{gÜX Pmboë`m AZoH$ X{bV boIH$m§À`m AmË_H$WZm§VyZ ñnï> Pmbo Amho.

JmdHw$gm~mhoaÀ`m _hmam§À`m dñVrbm _hmadmS>m Am{U _m§Jm§À`m dñVrbm _m§JdmS>m åhUV AgV. _moJbmB©Vrb d¡Omnya Am{U J§Jmnya VmbwŠ`mVrb _hmadmS>çmbm 'amOdmS>m' AgoM g§~moYbo OmVo. `oWrb AZoH$ Jmdm§Vrb _hma bmoH$ e§^a dfmªnyduM {¼ñVr Pmbo Agbo Var EH${dgmì`m eVH$mV AmOhr Ë`m§Mr dñVr amOdmS>m qH$dm _hmadmS>m åhUyZM AmoiIbr OmVo. Y_mªVam_wio Ë`m§À`m gm_m{OH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ pñWVrV \$magm ~Xb Pmbm Zmhr `mMoM ho EH$ ÚmoVH$ Amho.

ImZXoe, _amR>dmS>m dJ¡ao n[agam§V JmdHw$gmMo ~m§YH$m_ XJS>mMo qH$dm ^|S>mMo åhUOo nm§T>è`m _mVrÀ`m H$ÀÀ`m {dQ>m§Mo Agm`Mo. JmdHw$gmÀ`m ~mhoa nS>Ê`mÀ`m dmQ>oda XadmOm Agm`Mm. nyduÀ`m H$mir doerMo ho XadmOo gy`m©ñVmnmgyZ gy`m}X`mn`ªV ~§X Ho$bo OmV AgV Am{U àË`oH$ doerda amIUrgmR>r dogH$a åhUyZ EH$ _hma ~gV Ago. Á`m Jmdmbm ZXrAmoT>çmgma»`m dmhË`m àdmhmMo nmUr {nÊ`mgmR>r dmnabo OmB© Aem {R>H$mUr Añn¥í`m§Mr dñVr nmÊ`mÀ`m àdmhmÀ`m ImbÀ`m ~mOyZo Ago. AemàH$mao daÀ`m OmVrMo bmoH$ ZXrMo nmUr àdmhmÀ`m daÀ`m ~mOyg ^aV Am{U ImbÀ`m OmVrMo, Añn¥í` bmoH$ àdmhmÀ`m ImbÀ`m ~mOyg nmUr ^aV. Ë`m_wio Añn¥í`m§À`m ñnem©Zo {dQ>mi Pmbobo nmUr dmnaÊ`mMm YmoH$m {Z_m©U hmoV Zgo.

ZXrda qH$dm AmoT>çm§da gm_m{OH$ CVa§S>rZwgma doJdoJù`m {R>H$mUr {d{eï> OmVtMo nmUdQ>o AgV. àdmhmÀ`m daÀ`m ~mOybm gd©àW_ g_mOmÀ`m gdm©V loð> Aem ~«m÷U OmVrMo nmUdR>o Agm`Mo, Ë`mZ§Va ImbÀ`m OmVtMo åhUOo _amR>m, _mir dJ¡ao ñn¥í` OmVtMo nmUdR>o Agm`Mo. ñn¥í`m§À`m nmUdR>çmImbr Añn¥í`m§Mo nmUdR>o gwê$ hmoV. Ë`m§À`m gm_m{OH$ ñVam§Zwgma åhUOo AmYr am_moer d Mm§^ma, Ë`mZ§Va T>moa, Ë`mÀ`mImbr _hma, _hmam§À`m Imbr _m§Jm§Mo nmUdR>o AgV. gdmªÀ`m eodQ>r Imbr ^§Jr OmVrMm nmUdR>m Ago.

_mÌ {dQ>mi Pmbobo Ë`m ZXrAmoT>çm§Mo nmUr Ë`mZ§Vahr dmhmVM amhm`Mo Am{U Xwgè`m Jmdm§V VoM nmUr Cƒ dUmªMo bmoH$ n{hë`m§Xm dmnaV AgV. dmhË`m nmÊ`mbm {dQ>mi ZgVmo Aer EH$ åhU _amR>rV Amho, Vr ~hþYm `m H$maUm_wioM Aem _`m©{XV AWm©Zo ê$T> Pmbr Agmdr.

H$mhr Jmdm§V gmd©O{ZH$ AmS> qH$dm {d{harVrb nmUr dmnabo OmB©. _mÌ _hma, _m§J, Mm§^ma, T>moa, am_moer Am{U H¡$H$mS>rgma»`m ImbÀ`m OmVrÀ`m bmoH$m§Zm `m VWmH${WV gmd©O{ZH$ {d{harda nmUr ^aÊ`mMr nadmZJr ZìhVr. Ë`m§À`mgmR>r doJio {dhra qH$dm AmS> Agm`Mo. _mÌ _hmam§À`m {d{harda _m§Jm§Zm nmUr ^aVm `oV Zgo. _mÂ`m AmOmoimV åhUOo KmoJaJmdmV 'amOdmS>çmV' åhUOo _hmadmS>çmV ñdV§Ì {dhra hmoVr, ho _bm ñnï> AmR>dVo. amOdmS>çmVrb `m {d{harbm JmdmVrb ñn¥í`m§À`m {d{harnojm df©^a A{YH$ _w~bH$ nmUr Agm`Mo Ago _mPr AmB© AOyZ gm§JV AgVo.

Á`m Añn¥í` OmVtZm ñdV:Mr {dhra Zgo Ë`m bmoH$m§Zm _J BVam§À`m _ohoa~mZrda Adb§~yZ amhmdo bmJo. gmd©O{ZH$ {d{harda ~amM doi C^o amhÿZ H$moUrVar Ë`m§Zm nmUr dmTy>Z XoB©b `mMr Ë`m§Zm dmQ> nmhmdr bmJo. nmUr ß`m`Mo Agbo Var Ë`m§Zr Imbr dmHy$Z hmVmMr Am|Oi Ho$ë`mZ§Va ñn¥í` bmoH$ bm§~yZ dê$Z nmUr AmoVV AgV.

Añn¥í`m§Zm gmd©O{ZH$ nmUdQ>o Iwbo H$aÊ`mV `mdo `m _mJUrgmR>r S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§Zr H$moH$UmVrb _hmS> `oWo 1927 gmbr bT>m Ho$bm. VoWrb MdXma Vù`mMo nmUr Añn¥í`m§Zr MmIbo. _mÌ Var gmd©O{ZH$ nmUdQ>o Añn¥í`m§Zm Iwbo hmoÊ`mgmR>r AmUIr {H$VrVar XeH$m§Mm H$mbmdYr Omdm bmJbm. 'Añn¥í` O_mVr gmd©O{ZH$ {d{harda nmUr ^ê$ bmJë`mMo EH$hr CXmhaU Amåhr nmhUr Ho$boë`m 72 Jmdm§V {_imbo Zmhr' Ago {d. _. Xm§S>oH$a Am{U _. ^m. OJVmn `m§Zr 1957 gmbr à{gÜX Pmboë`m Amnë`m nwñVH$mV {b{hbo Amho.<sup>6</sup> g_mOgodH$ S>m°. ~m~m AmT>md `m§Zr Añn¥í`Vm àWoMo {Z_y©bZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r 1970À`m XeH$mV 'EH$ Jmd, EH$ nmUdR>m' `moOZm am~dÊ`mgmR>r _hmamï´>mV Midi am~dbr hmoVr. 'EH$ Jmd, EH$ nmUdR>m' `mM erf©H$mÀ`m nwñVH$mV S>m° AmT>mdm§Zr OmVrg§~§YmVrb Amnbo AZw^d gm§{JVbo AmhoV.⁷

'Cno{jV {¼ñVr g_mO' `m nwñVH$mVrb nwT>rb dU©Z JmdHw$gm~mhoaÀ`m {¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m pñWVrda àH$me Q>mH$Vo, ''"Jmd VoWo _hmadmS>m' hr ê$T> Pmbobr AW©nyU© åhU {¼ñVrOZmZm V§VmoV§V bmJy nS>Vo. _mJmgdJu`m§VyZ {¼ñVr Pmboë`m§Zm _hma-_m§JdmS>çmVyZ amhmdo bmJVo. Ë`m§Mo ImUo-{nUo, amhUr_mZ, ^mfm d g§ñH¥$Vr Ë`m§À`m Añn¥í` ~§Yy§gmaIrM Amho. JmdmVrb gd© bmoH$ _mJmgdJu` {¼ñVr _mUgmbm åmhmaS>m', _m§JS>m' åhUyZM g§~moYVmV. AZoH$ {¼ñVr _hma ho Amnmnë`m JmdmVrb CƒdUu` Hw$Qw>§~m§Mo AmlrV hmoVo d AmhoVhr. JmdmVrb AË`§V hrZ XOm©Mr H$m_o Ë`m§Zm H$amdr bmJV. AJXr _mJrb XeH$mn`ªV _oboë`m T>moam§Mr {dëhohmQ> bmdUo B. H$m_o _mJmgdJu` {¼ñVr H$arV Ambo AmhoV. XmamoXmar qhSy>Z, Ë`m§À`mnwT>o \o$Hy$Z {Xbobo AÞ ImUmè`m Añn¥í` bmoH$m§_Ü`o {¼ñVrOZm§Mmhr g_mdoe AmhoM. Ë`m§Zmhr JmdmVyZ OmVm§Zm nmXÌmUo hmVmV KoD$Z d nmR>rda ~moahmQ>çm ~m§YyZ Mmbmdo bmJo d Ww§H$Ê`mgmR>r Odi JmS>Jo ~miJmdo bmJo.''⁸

h„r J«m_rU ^mJm§V gJirH$S>oM JmdR>mU, JmdHw$gy Am{U dog `m Jmoï>r B{VhmgO_m Pmë`m AmhoV. _mÌ `m OwÝ`m ~m§YH$m_m§Mr nS>PS> Pmbobr Agbr Var Ë`m§À`mer {ZJ{S>V g_mOaMZoV Am{U g_mOmÀ`m _mZ{gH$VoV \$magm ~Xb Pmbobm Zmhr. AÑí` ñdê$nmV `oWo AmOhr JmdHw$gmÀ`m AmV Am{U JmdHw$gm~mhoa OJUmao XmoZ doJdoJio OJ AmT>iVmV.

g§X^©:

1) BamdVr H$d}, 'n[any{V©', àH$meH$: Xoe_wI Am{U H§$nZr àm {b., 473, gXm{ed noR>, nwUo- 411 030, Xwgè`m Amd¥ÎmrMo Xhmdo nwZ_w©ÐU 1990, (nmZ 75)

2) qÌ~H$ Zmam`U AmÌo, 'Jmd-JmS>m' ; àH$meH$: h. A. ^mdo, daXm ~wŠg, 397/1, goZmnVr ~mnQ> _mJ©, nwUo 411 016 ({Vgar Amd¥Îmr, nwZ_w©ÐU 1995)

3) AboŠPm§S>a am°~Q>©gZ, 'Xr _hma \$moëH$ - A ñQ>S>r Am°\$ AZQ>Mo~ëg BZ _hmamï´>' Xr [a{b{OAg bmB©\$ Am°\$ B§{S>`m'; àH$meH$: dm` E_ gr E.npãbqeJ hmD$g, 5, agob ñQ´>rQ>, H$mobH$mVm, håào {_b\$moS>©, Am°Šg\$moS>© `w{Zìh{g©Q>r àog (1938); Xwgè`m Amd¥VrMo àH$meH$ S>m°. AemoH$ Jm`H$dmS>, H$m¡eë` àH$meZ, EZ-11, gr-3/24/3, hS>H$mo, Am¡a§Jm~mX, 431 003 (2005)

4) AboŠPm§S>a am°~Q>©gZ, '_hma bmoH$- _hmamï´>mVrb Añn¥í`m§Mm Aä`mg (^maVmMo Ym{_©H$ OrdZ)', AZwdmXH$: {^jw grd{b~moYr Am{U ñ_aU X{hdbo; àH$meH$: Xo. am. nJmao, gwJV àH$meZ, 780, d¡embrZJa, ZmJnya- 17, ({ÛVr`md¥Îmr 1991)

5) {d. _. Xm§S>oH$a Am{U _. ^m OJVmn, '_hmamï´>mMr J«m_rU g_mOaMZm', àH$meH$: Y. am. JmS>Jri, JmoIbo AW©emó g§emoYZ g§ñWm (àH$meZ nmMdo), nwUo- 411 004 (1957); (nmZ 10)

6) darbà_mUo, nmZ

7) S>m° ~m~m AmT>md, 'EH$ Jmd, EH$ nmUdR>m',

8) 'Cno{jV {¼ñVr g_mO', boIH$: àJV nXdrYa g§KQ>ZoV\}$ A§VmoZ _m. gmido, àVmn ~m. n§{S>V, gmoÝ`m~mny e§. dmK_mao Am{U Omogo\$ S>r AmT>md, àH$meH$: Á`w{bEg {S>gyOm (`oeyg§K), _mJ© àH$meZ, Wm°_g pñQ>\$Ýg {Zdmg, 2008 g§V pìhÝg|Q> _mJ©, nwUo 411 001, (1979) (nmZ 15 Am{U 16)

Ghogargaon's Fr Jacquier Preface

KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m

(Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

-------

{~en ES>drZ Hw$bmgmo,

Am¡a§Jm~mX Y‘©àm§V

{~eßg hmD$g,

Am¡a§Jm~mX, 431 002 17 gßQ>|~a 2008

                                                              Om{H$`a~m~m - EH$ AmXe© ì`{º$_Îd

hmS>mMo {‘eZar åhUyZ Á`m§M§ Zmd ‘amR>dmS>çmV Am{U {dX^m©‘Ü`o JmOV§` Vo ’«$mpÝgñH$Z Y‘©Jwê$ ’$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m `m§À`m AmXe© OrdZmMr, H$m`m©Mr d `emMr JmWm H$m{‘b nmaIo `m§À`m boIUrVyZ AmoKdË`m ‘amR>r ^mfoV gmH$ma hmoV Amho. ho nwñVH$ ‘amR>r ^m{fH$m§gmR>r Iyn ‘moR>o daXmZ R>aob `mV e§H$m Zmhr.

Om{H$`a~m~m§M§ Xe©Z ’$mXa ’«$mpÝgg ‘moO|À`m Á`m B§J«Or J«§Wm§‘Ü`o hmoV§ Ë`m 'ìhoJm~m±S>g \$m°a Jm°S>' Am{U 'eo\$S>©g \$m°a ¼mB©ñQ>' `m XmoZ J«§Wm§Mr nmam`U§ ‘r {M{H$ËgH$nUo Ho$br Amho. VgoM H$m{‘b nmaIo `m§À`m BVa boIm§M§ Am{U nwñVH$m§M§ dmMUhr ‘r gË`emoYH$mÀ`m ZOaoZ§ Ho$b§ Amho. `m boIH$mMr {dídgZr`Vm, ew^dV©‘mZmÀ`m KmofUo{df`rMr Ë`m§Mr Vi‘i Am{U Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m à^mdr OrdZm{df`rMm ‘OHy$a dmMH$m§Zm {ZpíMVM ‘§Ì‘w½Y H$arb.

Om{H$`a~m~m EH$ naXoer {‘eZar hmoVo. Ë`m‘wio Ë`m§À`m ‘amR>r ^mfoda ’«|$M Am{U B§J«Or ^mfm§Mm nJS>m AgUmaM. Vo bmoH$m§er g§dmX gmYV AgVmZm, CnXoe H$aV AgVmZm `oWrb ‘mUg§ dma§dma {‘píH$bnUo hgbr AgVrb. na§Vw Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ‘wImVyZ {ZKUmè`m {¼ñVdMZm§Mr N>mn bmoH$m§da nS>br Am{U à^y `oey {¼ñVmMm g§Xoe Ë`m§Zr ñdrH$mabm. `m g§XoemV A§V^w©V Agboë`m ''‘r Ambmo Amho AemgmR>r {H$ ‘mUgm§Zm OrdZ Am{U Vohr {dnwb à‘mUmV àmá ìhmdo'' `m `oeyÀ`m {ZYm©amMr gË`Vm bmoH$m§Zm nQ>br. Ë`m‘wio {‘píH$bnUo hgUmar hr ‘mUg§ OrdZmVrb {d{dY AmìhmZm§er hgVIoiV ‘wH$m~bm H$am`bm V`ma Pmbr. `m H$maUm‘wi§M Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr Ë`m§À`m öX`mV H$m`‘M§ Ka Ho$b§ hr B{VhmgmMr {Od§V gmj Amho.

H$m{‘b nmaIo `m§Zr {b{hbob§ Om{H$`a~m~m§M§ ho M[aÌ AmOÀ`m {¼ñVmÀ`m AZw`m`m§Zm Amnë`m lÜXoV A{dMb amhmÊ`mgmR>r d ew^dV©‘mZm{df`rMr Om{H$`a~m~m§Mr Vi‘i Amnë`m OrdZmV CVa{dÊ`mV àoaH$ R>amo {hM à^yMaUr {dZ‘« àmW©Zm.

{~en ES>drZ Hw$bmgmo

àñVmdZm

\$mXa pñQ>\$Z Aë_oS>m

à_wI Y_©Jwê$, {¼ñVamOm _§{Xa,

_mirKmoJaJmd, _o 2008

{dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m AIoarg \$mÝgÀ`m {H$Zmè`mdê$Z Jw[aEZ Om{H$`a ZmdmMm EH$ \|$M Vê$U hOmamo _¡bm§dê$Z KmoJaJmdmV nmD$b Q>mH$Vmo Am{U nmM XeHo$ ào{fV H$m`© H$ê$Z, BWë`m ^mfoer, g§ñH¥$Vrer EH$ê$n hmoD$Z VoWoM {Ma{ZÐm KoVmo.... ho na_oídamÀ`m BÀN>o{edm` Am{U H¥$no{edm` H$go eŠ` Amho? Zm ^mfm, Zm H$moUr OmVr-Y_m©Mo, Zm H$gbr AmoiI, Zm H$moUr ZmVbJ Zm H$moUr Jmddmbo. Varhr à^yH$m`m©gmR>r àoarV hmoD$Z hm Vê$U _mimoKmoJaJmdmgma»`m XwJ©_ JmdmV `oVmo Am{U ào{fV H$m`© gwê$ H$ê$Z nmM XeH$m§V {_eZH$m`m©Mm _im \w$b{dVmo, hm EH$ M_ËH$ma Zmhr Va H$m`? na_oídamMr _mirKmoJaJmdmda {deof Ñï>r Agbr nm{hOo åhUyZ Va ho KS>bo. hm \|$M Vê$U à^y `oey {¼ñVmMr gmj XoV `m n[agamV qhS>bm Am{U Amnë`m d¥ÜXmnH$mimV BWë`mM _mVrV {dgmdUo Ë`mZo ng§V Ho$bo. AmO `m {_eZarÀ`m nmM XeH$m§À`m ào{fVH$m`m©Mm {dMma H$aVmZm Amnbo _Z à^yÀ`m AX²>^wV gm_Ï`m©nwT>o {dZ_« hmoVo. {¼ñVmdarb lÜXm H$m` M_ËH$ma KS>dy eH$Vo `mMr àMrVr `oVo.

_mirKmoJaJmdmgmR>r Om{H$`a~m~m ho OUy YÝ`dm{XV Zmd Amho. Ë`m§Zr BWë`m hOmamo bmoH$m§Zm à^y `oey {IñVmÀ`m H$inmV AmUbo. AmOhr `m bmoH$m§À`m _ZmV Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ñ_¥VrÀ`m Á`moVr VodV AmhoV. Iè`m AWm©Zo Om{H$`a~m~m _mirKmoJaJmd {_eZMo ^m½`{dYmVo AmhoV. Ë`m§Zr Oo ~r noabo Ë`mMm AmO gw§Xa _im Pmbm Amho. Ë`m§Zr Oo noabo Vo AmO ^aKmog {nH$bo Amho. Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømÀ`m J§Jmnya Am{U d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`m§Vrb àË`oH$ {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~m§V Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm _moR>çm lÜXoMo ñWmZ Amho. \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr EH${dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m Mma XeH$m§V `m J«m_rU ^mJmV H$Yr KmoS>çmda ñdma hmoD$Z, H$Yr ~¡bJmS>rZo Va H$Yr KmoS>mJmS>rZo àdmg H$arV {¼ñVmÀ`m VmaUmMr gwdmVm© gm§{JVbr. Ë`m§À`m ñnem©Zo nmdZ Pmbobr Vr KmoS>mJmS>r `m JmdmV AmOhr lÜXoZo OnyZ R>odÊ`mV Ambr Amho.

Ë`mH$mimV _mirKmoJaJmd ZmJnya Y_©àm§VmV g_m{dï> hmoVo. {S>g|~a 1977 bm nmon nm°b ghmdo `m§À`m AmXoemZwgma Am¡a§Jm~mX Y_©àm§VmMr ñWmnZm Pmbr. {~en S>m°_{ZH$ Am{~«`mo `m§Mr `m Y_©àm§VmMo n{hbo _hmJwéñdm_r åhUyZ Zo_UyH$ Pmbr. AmO Am¡a§Jm~mX Y_©àm§VmMo ñdê$n ~Xbbo AgyZ à^yÀ`m H¥$noZo Y_©àm§VmMm gd© ~m~VrV {dH$mg hmoV Amho. {ejU, Amamo½`godm `m joÌm§V _moR>m {dñVma Pmbm Amho. _mirKmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmVyZ AmO ~moaga, d¡Omnya, dmhoJmd, J§Jmnya Am{U H$ÞS> hr ñdV§Ì Y_©J«m_o C^r am{hbr AmhoV. `m gd© Y_©J«m_m§Mr nm`m^aUr \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m `m§ZrM Ho$br Amho. Ë`m§Zr Anma lÕoZo Am{U H$ï>mZo Ho$boë`m noaUrVyZ AmO hm _im \w$bbm Amho.

nÌH$ma H$m{_b nmaIo `m§Zr \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§da ho nwñVH$ {bhÿZ \$ma _moR>o H$m`© Ho$bo Amho. Zì`m {nT>rbm Om{H$`a~m~m§Mm AJXr OdiyZ n[aM` `m nwñVH$m_wio hmoV amhrb. Aem àH$maMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {_eZ H$m`© gm§JUmam M[aÌdOm hm n{hbmM J«§W Amho. Am¡a§Jm~mX Y_©àm§VmÀ`m B{VhmgmÀ`m Ñï>rZohr hm J«§W EH$ _mobmMm Eo{Vhm{gH$ XñVEodO R>aUma Amho.

`m J«§WmMo AmUIr EH$ AmJiodoJio _hÎd Amho, Vo åhUOo `m M[aÌmVyZ Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m µH$mimVrb VgoM ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimVrb gm_m{OH$ n[apñWVrMo Xe©Z KS>Vo. VgoM H°$Wmo{bH$ MM©Zo `m n[agamV nm`m^yV ñdê$nmMo \$ma _moR>o H$m`© Ho$bo Amho ho bjmV `oVo. Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr VËH$mbrZ Añn¥í`Vobm AmìhmZ {Xbo hmoVo, ho Va \$maM {MÎmdoYH$ Amho. boIH$ ZwgVo Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo M[aÌboIH$ Pmbo ZgyZ MM©À`m B{VhmgmMoM boIH$ Pmbo AmhoV. ho nwñVH$ Aä`mgë`mIoarO Am¡a§Jm~mX Y_©àm§VmMm B{Vhmg g_OyZ KoVm `oUma Zmhr. boIH$ nmaIo `m§Zr \$maM _mobmMo H$m_ Ho$bo Amho. `m _m¡{bH$ nwñVH$mbm àñVmdZm {b{hÊ`mMr g§Yr _bm {_imbr ho _r _mPo ^m½` g_OVmo. `mMo H$maU H$s, _mirKmoJaJmd `oWrb à_wI Y_©Jwê$ åhUOoM \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Mm CÎmam{YH$mar `m ZmË`mZo hr àñVmdZm _r {b{hV Amho.

ho nwñVH$ AË`§V dmMZr` Amho, Ë`mhÿZ Vo A{YH$ _ZZr` Am{U qMVZr` Pmbo Amho. `m nwñVH$mÀ`m AZwH«$_{UHo$da ZOa Q>mH$br Varhr boIH$mZo ho nwñVH$ {bhm`bm {H$Vr H$ï> KoVbo AmhoV Am{U _moR>çm ì`mg§JmZo, Aä`mg H$ê$Z Vo {b{hbo Amho ho bjmV `oVo. à^y `oey {¼ñVmdarb lÕoÀ`m gm_Ï`m©da Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr AZoH$ g§H$Q>m§Zm Vm|S> {Xbo, gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$ g_ñ`m§VyZ _mJ© H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r bmoH$m§Zm Ë`m§Zr _XV Ho$br. hgè`m Mohoè`mZo KmoS>mJmS>rVyZ Yra Úm`bm, _XVrMm hmV Úm`bm `oUmè`m Om{H$`a~m~m§Mr AmoiI `m nwñVH$mVyZ hmoVo.

Jwê$XrjoÀ`m nÝZmgmì`m dYm©nZm{Z{_Îm `m n[agamVrb JmdH$è`m§Zr Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm _mZnÌ {Xbo Ë`m KQ>ZoMo ^mdnyU© dU©Z `m nwñVH$mV Amho. Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m _hm{Zdm©UmMr KQ>Zm dmMVmZm _Z hobmdyZ OmVo, à^ynwT>o lÕoZo _mZ bdVo. boIH$mZo AË`§V AmoKdË`m e¡brV ho nwñVH$ {b{hbo Amho.

M[aÌboIH$mZo EH$m {R>H$mUr åhQ>bo Amho H$s bmoH$m§À`m Ñï>rZo _mirKmoJaJmdMo ào{fV Agboë`m Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr g§VnX H$YrM àmá Ho$bo Amho. hOmamo ^m{dH$m§À`m _ZmV Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo ñWmZ ho AmXaUr` g§VmMoM Amho. g§H$Q>H$mir ho bmoH$ `m 'g§Vm'Mr AmR>dU H$aVmV. `oWrb `mÌoV _moR>çm g§»`oZo gh^mJr hmoVmV.

{¼ñVr ^m{dH$ VgoM {¼ñVrVa dmMH$hr _mirKmoJaJmdÀ`m `m ào{fVmÀ`m M[aÌmMo ñdmJV H$aVrb Agm _mPm {dídmg Amho. ho nwñVH$ dmMVmZm AmnU MM©_Ü`o {_ñgmÀ`m doir JmVmo Vo JrV AmR>dVo, ''à^yMo Pmbo ~hþ CnH$ma, hmoD$ H$gm _r CVamB©?''

AZwH«$_{UH$m

àñVmdZm-  
i)  {~en ES>{dZ Hw$bmgmo, Am¡a§Jm~mX Y_©àm§V
ii) \$mXa _m[a`mo {S>gmoPm- E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoÀ`m nwUo àm§VmMo à_wI
iii) \$mXa pñQ>\$Z Aë_oS>m, KmoJaJmdÀ`m {¼ñVamOm _§{XamMo Y_©Jwê$

1)) Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ñ_¥VtZm COmim
2) \$mÝg_YyZ KmoJaJmdmV 
3) noaUrMm H$mi
4) JmdHw$gmVrb, JmdHw$gm~mhoaMo OJ
5) h¡Xam~mXÀ`m {ZOm_ g§ñWmZmV {¼ñVr Y_m©Mo AmJ_Z
6) \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo ì`{º$_Îd
7) {_eZH$m_mV, IoSw>Vm§_Ü`o a_bobo \$mXa Om{H$`a 
8) nrH$ \$ma, eoV_Oya H$_r - bmohJmd- {~S>{H$Z Y_©J«m_
9) ~moaga {_eZ H|$ÐmMr C^maUr
10) _hm`wÕH$mimV µJmoXmdar Amobm§Sy>Z Ah_XZJa {OëømV
11) amhmVm `oWrb ào{fVH$m`©
12) amhmVm, g§J_Zoa, H|$Xi `oWrb gm_m{OH$ pñWVr
13) XwîH$mim_wio bmoH$m§Mo hmb
14) \$m.Om{H$`a, \$m. ~oO} `m§À`m _XVr~Ôb \$m. ew{~Ja `m§Mr H¥$VkVm 15) KmoJaJmdmVrb {¼ñVamOm _§{XamMo ~m§YH$m_
16) Añn¥í`VoÀ`m àWog Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo AmìhmZ
17) V_mg{Jam§Mo b¡{µJH$, gm_m{OH$ emofU Am{U Om{H$`a~m~m
18) Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {eî`, n{hbo _hmamï´>r`Z Y_©Jwê$, \$m. _moÝVoamo
19)) {dX^m©Vrb n{hbo Ym{_©H$ nmMmaU - ~«Xa n°{Q´>H$ Vm`S>o
20) CVmad`mVrb {_eZ H$m`©
21) Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm JmdH$è`m§H$Sy>Z _mZnÌ 
22) {Ma{dlm§Vr 
23) KmoJaJmdÀ`m XmoZ gwnwÌm§Mr Jwê${Xjm 
24) KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmMm {dñVma, {d^mOZ Am{U AmOMr pñWVr

Fr Jacquier's arrival in Ghogargaon

KmoJaJmdMo Om{H$`a~m~m (‘amR>dmS>çmVrb {¼ñVr {_eZH$m`m©Mm B{Vhmg )

boIH$: H$m{_b nmaIo

àH$meH$: {_eZarO Am°\$ g|Q> ’«$mpÝgg S>r goëg (E_EgE\$Eg),

nwUo

gwJmdm àH$meZ

2) Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo ’«$mÝg‘YyZ KmoJaJmdmV AmJ‘Z

KmoJaJmd ho Zmd Cƒmabo H$s Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo ñ‘aU hmoVo. _amR>dmS>çmVrb `m N>moQ>çmem IoS>oJmdmVrb C§M {eIam§À`m {¼ñVamOm ‘§{XamMo {MÌ S>moù`mg‘moa C^o amhVo. `m JmdmV Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr Vã~b Mma XeHo$ Y‘©Jwê$ åhUyZ godm Ho$br, Ë`m‘wio KmoJaJmdMo Om{H$`a~m~m åhUyZM Ë`m§Zm AmoiIbo OmVo. Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr Am{U {~Ja{¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`mhr OS>UKS>UrV `m ‘hmËå`mMo _hÎdmMo `moJXmZ Amho. .

Joë`m XrS>XmoZeo dfm©§V ‘hmamï´>mV AZoH$ naXoer {¼ñVr {‘eZar§Zr gm‘m{OH$, Ym{‘©H$ Am{U e¡j{UH$ joÌm§V nm`m^yV ñdê$nmMo H$m‘ Ho$bo Amho. EH$mo{Ugmì`m Am{U {dgmì`m eVH$m§V ‘m`Xoe gmoS>yZ Ë`m§Zr {h§XwñWmZbmM Amnbr H$‘©^y‘r ‘mZbr. `mn¡H$s H$mhr {‘eZatZm Am`wî`mMr ZìdXr nma H$ê$Z Amnë`m H$m`m©Mo ’${bVhr nmhÊ`mMo ^m½` bm^bo.

"{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$mMo g§ñWmnH$-g§nmXH$ AmM©{~en hoÝar S>mo[a¨J, g§J‘ZoaMo ’$mXa ’«$mpÝgg ew{~Ja, haoJmd Am{U KmoS>oJmdmV CÎmw§J {eIam§Mr Xodio ~m§YUmao ’$mXa Om°Z hmëXZa, haoJmdmV ‘V‘mD$brMr `mÌm gwê$ H$aUmao ’$mXa OoamëS> ~mXa Aer {H$VrVar {‘eZar§Mr Zmdo AmOhr bmoH$m§À`m ñ‘aUmV AmhoV. ’$mXa Jw[aEZ Om{H$`a hohr AgoM EH$ F${fVwë`, AmXaUr` ì`{º$‘Îd.

‘hmamï´>mV {¼ñVr Y‘mªVa H$mhr {d{eï> {Oëøm§VM Pmbobo AmT>iyZ `oVo. R>mUo {OëømV dgB© VmbwŠ`mV ‘Ü``wJrZ H$mimV nmoVw©{JOm§À`m amOdQ>rV Y‘mªVa Pmbo. Ah‘XZJa {OëømV 1831 gmbr àmoQ>oñQ>§Q>n§{W`m§Zr ào[fVH$m`© gwê$ Ho$bo. 1878 ‘Ü`o àW‘V:M H°$Wmo{bH$n§{W` `oeyg§{K`m§Mo ào{fVH$m`© `m {OëømV gwê$ Pmbo. ‘mÌ H$mhr AndmX dJiVm ho gd© Y‘mªVa Ë`mH$mir Añn¥í` AgUmè`m ‘hma OmVrVM Pmbo. gZ 1892 n`ªV H|Xi, diU Am{U g§J‘Zoa `oWrb H°$Wmo{bH$m§Mr g§»`m EH$ hOma Pmbr hmoVr. Ah‘XZJa {Oëømbm bmJyZM Agboë`m Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømÀ`m d¡Omnya Am{U J§Jmnya VmbwŠ`m§Vhr `mMH$mimV

g‘m§Va nmVirda ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV {¼ñVr Y‘mªVa Pmbo, `m‘mJo EH$ J‘VrXma KQ>Zm Amho. KmoJaJmdmVrb ZmWy {eZJmao `m VéU ‘hmamMo amhþarOdirb diU JmdÀ`m ‘wbrer b¾ Pmbo hmoVo. Amnë`m gmgyadmS>rV ZmWy Ambm Voìhm VoWrb AZoH$ ‘hmam§Zr {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm Amho ho Ë`mZo nm{hbo. ~hþXm Ë`mÀ`m gmgaMo Hw$Qw>§~hr {¼ñVr Pmbobo AgVrb. ZmWyZohr ‘J ~m{áñ‘m ñdrH$mabm Am{U ’$mXa dmB©ghm¡ßQ>H$S>o H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> åhUyZ Vmo H$m‘ H$ê$ bmJbm. KmoJaJmdmV naVë`mZ§Va Ë`mZo Amnë`m ZmVodmB©H$m§H$S>o Am{U Omè`m-nmOmè`m§H$S>o diU {‘eZH|$Ðm{df`r VgoM VoWo ’$mXam§Zr bmoH$m§Zm Ho$boë`m ‘XVrMo ~aoM H$m¡VwH$ Ho$bo. Ë`mZ§Va KmoJaJmdmVrb H$mhr bmoH$ diUbm OmD$Z VoWrb {‘eZatZm ^oQ>bo. Amnë`m JmdmVhr {‘eZH|$Ð Am{U emim gwê$ H$am Aer Ë`m§Zr VoWrb ’$mXam§Zm {dZ§Vr Ho$br. ‘mÌ JmoXmdarÀ`m nbrH$S>À`m H$mR>mda Agbobo KmoJaJmd ‘moJbmB©V åhUOo h¡Xam~mXÀ`m {ZOm_ g§ñWmZmV Am{U ZmJnya Y‘©àm§VmÀ`m hÔrV hmoVo. (Ë`mdoiÀ`m àM§S> AmH$mamÀ`m ZmJnya Y‘©àm§VmMr AmO ZmJnya, O~bnya, Im§S>dm, A‘amdVr, am`nya, Mm§Xm, ^monmi Am[U Am¡a§Jm~mX Y‘©àm§Vm§V {d^mJUr Pmbr Amho.) diUMo ‘w»` ’$mXa H«$mB©P `m§Zr ‘J KmoJaJmdbm ^oQ> {Xbr Am{U Z§Va Am¡a§Jm~mXMo M°ßboZ ’$mXa ‘m±Q>¾m°Šg `m§Zm VoWrb bmoH$m§À`m {dZ§VrMr H$ënZm {Xbr. `m KS>m‘moS>rZ§Va ZmJnya Y‘©àm§Vr` àemgH$ ’$mXa Mmëg© ’o${bŠg nobdoQ> `m§Zr 1892 À`m Zmoìh|~amV ’$mXa ‘m[a`Z Wm°‘g `m§Mr KmoJaJmdbm Zdo {‘eZH|$Ð gwê$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r Zo‘UyH$ Ho$br. ZmJnyaMo n{hbo {~en AbopŠgg [aH$mP `m§Mr Amnë`m Y‘©àm§VmV {~Ja{¼ñVr g‘mOmV ào{fVr` H$m`© H$aÊ`mMr n«~i BÀN>m hmoVr. Ë`m§À`m {ZYZmZ§Va XmoZ ‘{hÝ`m§Zr ’$mXa _m[a`mZ Wm°_g `m§Zr KmoJaJmdmV nmD$b R>odbo Voìhm Ë`m§Mr hr ‘ZmoH$m‘Zm nyU© Pmbr.

KmoJaJmd {‘eZH|$ÐmÀ`m `m g§ñWmnH$-Y‘©Jwê$Mm Am¡a§Jm~mX `oWo 1851 gmbr OÝ‘ Pmbm hmoVm. ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Mo dS>rb h¡Xam~mXÀ`m g¡Ý`mV g¡{ZH$ hmoVo. Wm°‘g `m§À`m d{S>bm§Mr Am¡a§Jm~mXhÿZ AMbnya Am{U Ë`mZ§Va qhJmobr `oWo ~Xbr Pmbr. ‘amR>dmS>çmV qhJmobr `oWo Amboë`m ’$mXa ~o{ZñQ´>m§S> `m§Zr AH$am dfm©§À`m ‘m[a`mZbm nm{hbo Am{U Ë`m§Zr Ë`mbm Amnë`m ~¡bJmS>rVyZ H$m‘R>r `oWo AmUbo. VoWrb g|Q> Omogo’$ ñH$yb‘Ü`o ‘m[a`ZMo {ejU gwê$ Pmbo. gZ 1870 ‘Ü`o ZmJnyaÀ`m EgE’$Eg ñH$yb‘Ü`o Ë`m§Zr àdoe KoVbm. gZ 1886 bm Ë`m§Mm Y‘©JwénXmMm Xrjm{dYr Pmbm.KmoJaJmdbm `oÊ`mAmYr Ë`m§Zr ZmJnya `oWo Y‘©Jwê$ åhUyZ H$m‘ Ho$bo hmoVo. {ZPm‘mÀ`m amOdQ>rVrb {¼íMZm§gmR>r Ë`m§Zr CXy© H°$Wo{H$P‘hr V`ma Ho$bo hmoVo. Z‘mo ‘m[a`m `m àmW©ZoMr nwT>rb CXy© Amd¥Îmr `m H°$Q>o{H$P‘Mm (Y‘©{gjUmMm) Z‘wZm Amho.

''gbm‘ E ‘[a`m, na’$Pb IwXmdmZ Voao gmW h¡ & ‘w~maH$ Vw Am¡aVm| ‘|, Am¡a ‘w~maH$ Voao noQ> H$m ’w$b, `ogy & E APaV ‘[a`‘, IwXm {H$, ‘m, XdmH$a AZ JwÝhmJmamoZ| Ho$ {b`o, A~ Am¡a A‘mar ‘m¡V Ho$ dº$ & Am‘oZ &''

KmoJaJmdmV n{hbr XmoZ df©o ’$mXa ‘m{a`mZ ho EH$m PmonS>rV amhmV hmoVo. JmdmVrb AË`§V Jar~ Agbobo Añn¥í` bmoH$ Ë`m§Mo eoOmar hmoVo. Hw$R>ë`mhr àmW{‘H$ gw{dYm Zgboë`m `m J«m‘rU ^mJmV H$m‘ H$aUo A{Ve` AdKS> hmoVo. AS>rAS>MUrg Vmo§S> XoV ’$mXam§Zr Amnbo H$m‘ Mmby R>odbo. ‘amR>dmS>çmVrb n{hë`md{hë`m H$°Wmo{bH$ {‘eZHo$§ÐmMm AemàH$mao nm`m aMbm OmV hmoVm. ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Zr KmoJaJmdmV gwê$ Hoo$bobo {‘eZH|$Ð ho Ho$di EVÔoer` bmoH$m§gmR>r Agbobo ‘amR>dmS>çmVrb n[hboM {‘eZH|$X«. Ë`mAmYr {~«{Q>e g¡Ý`mVrb doJdoJù`m H$°ånm§V H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> {~«{Q>e g¡{ZH$ Am{U A{YH$mè`m§gmR>r {¼ñVr Y‘©Jwê§$Mr åhUOo {‘{bQ>ar M°ßboZMr Zo‘UyH$ hmoV Ago. ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Mr `m Zì`m {‘eZH|Ðmda Zo‘UyH$ H$aÊ`m‘mJo {deof H$maU hmoVo. ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Mo CXy© Am{U ‘amR>r ^mfm§da Mm§Jbo à^wËd hmoVo. ñWm{ZH$ gÎmmYmar {ZPm‘mÀ`m àOon¡H$s EH$ Agboë`m ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Zm {‘eZH$m`m©gmR>r VoWo O‘rZOw‘bm {dH$V KoUo VwbZoZo gmono hmoVo. Ë`mdoir O‘rZOw‘bm IaoXr H$aÊ`mgmR>r {OëhmnmVirdarb gaH$mar A{YH$mè`mMr nyd©nadmZJr KoUo Amdí`H$ Ago.

EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mÀ`m AIoarg KmoJaJmd Vgo AJXr Xwb©{jV IoS>oJmd hmoVo. (EH${dgmì`m eVH$mVhr `m pñWVrV ~Xb Pmbobm Zmhr, AmO åhUOo gZ 2008 ‘Ü`ohr VoWo S>m§~ar añVm Zmhr Am{U Ë`m‘wio `m JmdmH$S>o gmYr EgQ>r ~ggwÕm {’$aH$V Zmhr.) Ë`mdoir VoWo nmM-ghm XJS>m§Mr Am{U {dQ>m§Mr n¸$s Kao hmoVr. e§^aÀ`m Amgnmg nm§T>è`m ‘mVrMr Kao hmoVr. JmdmÀ`m doer~mhoa Añn¥í` ‘hmam§Mr dñVr hmoVr. `m ‘hmam§‘Ü`o ào{fVH$m`© H$aÊ`mgmR>r ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Mr Zo‘UyH$ Pmbr hmoVr.

Zdo {‘eZH|$Ð gwê$ Pmë`mZ§Va Mma dfmªZr ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Mo ghm`H$ åhUyZ ’$mXa Om{H$`a VoWo ê$Oy Pmbo. ’$mXa Om{H$`a ho ‘yiMo ’o«|$M. ’«$mÝg‘Ü`o ~oZ}Šg `oWo 14 ’o$~«wdmar 1867 `m {Xder Ë`m§Mm OÝ‘ Pmbm. Y‘©Jwê$ åhUyZ 21 {S>g|~a 1890 amoOr Ë`m§Zm Xrjm {‘imbr. VrZ df} ~obr Y‘©àm§VmV Y‘©àm§Vr` Y‘©Jwê$ åhUyZ H$m‘ Ho$ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr Owb¡ 1894 ‘Ü`o {‘eZarO Am°\$ g|Q> ’«$m{Ýgg S>r goëg (E‘EgE’$Eg) `m g§ñWoV àdoe Ho$bm. ^maVmV H$m`© H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Mo ‘w§~B© ~§XamV 3 {S>g|~a 1895 bm AmJ‘Z Pmbo. `oeyg§KmÀ`m O‘©Zàm§Vr` Y‘©Jwê§$Zr Ë`mH$mimV Ah‘XZJa {OëømV ào{fVH$m`© gwê$ Ho$bo hmoVo, Va E‘EgE’$Eg `m g§ñWoZo ZmJnya `m VoìhmÀ`m àM§S> AmH$mamÀ`m Y‘©àm§VmV Amnbo H$m`© gwê$ Ho$bo hmoVo. H$mhr ‘{hZo ZmJnwamVrb hm`ñHy$b‘Ü`o H$m‘ Ho$ë`mZ§Va Om{H$`a `m§Mr Zì`mZoM gwê$ Pmboë`m {‘eZH|$ÐmgmR>r Zo‘UyH$ Pmbr.

`wamonmV OÝ‘boë`m, VoWë`m dmVmdaUmMr gd` Pmboë`m ì`º$sbm Ë`mdoiÀ`m qhXwñWmZmVrb J«m‘rU n[agamV amhUo {VVHo$ gmono ZìhVo. `oWrb CîU Vmn‘mZ, AmhmamÀ`m gd`ter OwidyZ KoUo Vgo AdKS>M hmoVo. Ah‘XZJa {OëømV Amë`mZ§Va EH$-XmoZ dfm©VM A{Vgma Am{U BVa AmOmam§Zr H$mhr VéU {‘eZatMm ~ir KoVbm hmoVm. Ë`m‘wio `oWrb H$S>H$ CÝhmV dmdaVmZm H$m` H$miOr ¿`mdr, Ádmar-~mOarÀ`m ^mH$ar, {VIQ> MQ>Ê`m, bmb-{haì`m {‘aÀ`m§Mm ^anya dmna H$ê$Z Ho$bobo H$mbdU dJ¡ao Amhma H$gm nMdmdm `m~m~V ~wOwJ© {‘eZatH$Sy>Z YS>o KoUo OéarMo hmoVo. OyZ 1896 ‘Ü`o g§J‘Zoa `oWo \$mXa AmoQ>mo dmB©ghm¡ßQ> `m§À`mH$S>o `m~m~V Am{U {‘eZH$m`m©Mo YS>o KoÊ`mgmR>r ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm nmR>{dÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo.

\$mXa dmB©ghm¡ßQ> `m§À`mH$Sy>Z VéU d`mÀ`m Jw[aEZZo _amR>r ì`mH$aUmMo YS>o {eHy$Z KoVbo. VoWoM Ë`m§Zr n{hë`m§XmM {_eZ H|$ÐmV ~m{áñ_m XoD$Z Amnë`m {_eZar H$m`m©Mr gwédmV Ho$br. Ë`mZ§Va Amnë`m XrK© Am`wî`mV Ë`m§Zr eoH$S>mo ~mbH$m§Zm Am{U àm¡T> ì`º$s§Zm {¼ñVr Y_m©Mr Xrjm {Xbr. g§J_ZoaÀ`m `m nmM _{hÝ`m§À`m dmñVì`mV Ë`m§Zm {_eZatÀ`m OrdZe¡brMr Am{U H$m`©nÜXVrMr gd` Pmbr.

{dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwédmVrg Ah_XZJa Am{U Am¡a§Jm~mX {Oëøm§V {¼ñVr Y_© éO{dÊ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV \$mXa dmB©ghm¡ßQ> Am{U \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo _hÎdmMo `moJXmZ Amho. \$mXa dmB©ghm¡ßQ> `m§Zr àdam ZXrÀ`m H$mR>mda gwdmVm© gm§{JVbr Va \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr JmoXmdarÀ`m µH$mR>mda {ZPm_mÀ`m _moJbmB© hÔrVrb Jmdm§V ào{fVH$m`© Ho$bo. àdaoÀ`m Am{U JmoXmdarÀ`m H$mR>m§darb JmdmoJmdm§V AmO AZoH$ {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~o AmT>iVmV. Ë`m§À`m AmYrÀ`m XmoZ-VrZ {nT>çm§Zm `m {_eZatZrM {¼ñVr Y_m©Mr Xrjm {Xbr hmoVr.

{_eZar åhUyZ C_oXdmarMo H$m`© nyU© H$ê$Z 19 Zmoìh|~a 1896 amoOr \$mXa Om{H$`a KmoJaJmdmV Ambo. g§J_ZoaÀ`m \$mXa H«$mB©P `m `oeyg§Kr` Y_©Jwê§$Zr Q>m§½`mVyZ Ë`m§Zm VoWo nmohmoM{dbo. ho XmoÝhr Y_©Jwê$ VoWo nmohmoMbo Voìhm KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa _m[a`mZ Wm°_g EH$m AË`§V _hÎdmÀ`m H$m_m{Z{_Îm ~mhoaJmdr Jobo hmoVo. g§Ü`mH$mir Vo naVbo Vo EH$ Mm§Jbr ~mV_r KoD$ZM. Am¡a§Jm~mX {_eZH|ÐmgmR>r OmJm {dH$V KoÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm nadmZJr {_imbr hmoVr. Ë`mZ§Va 9 {S>g|~a 1896 amoOr ~«Xa Omogo\$ S>r g±Vmoghr `m XmoZ Y_©Jwê§$À`m _XVrgmR>r KmoJaJmdmV hOa Pmbo. Ë`mZ§Va nwT>À`mM dfu KmoJaJmd {_eZMr nyU© O~m~Xmar \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m Im§Úmda Q>mHy$Z \$mXa _m[a`mZ Wm°_g ho ZmJnyabm admZm Pmbo. _moJbmB©Vrb n{hë`md{hë`m {_eZH|$ÐmÀ`m `m g§ñWmnH$m§Mr ~Xbr Pmbr hmoVr. Ë`m§Zr bmdboë`m amonQ>çmMr H$miOr KoÊ`mMo, g§JmonZ H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ AmVm \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo hmoVo. ho ZmOyH$ amonQ>o `m ^y_rda VJob H$m` Am{U Ë`mMo dQ>d¥jmV ê$nm§Va hmoB©b H$m`, `m àíZmMo CÎma AZZw^dr \$mXa Jw[aEZ `m§À`mH$S>o ZìhVo. Amnë`mda gmon{dÊ`mV Amboë`m O~m~XmarMo AmoPo nobUo gmono Zmhr, `mMr `m naŠ`m _wbImV nm` R>odUmè`m `m Y_©Jwê$bm OmUrd AgUmaM. _mÌ Ë`m§Zr ho AmìhmZ ñdrH$mabo Am{U 'ew^:ñVo erK«_' Ago åhUV Ë`m§Zr ñdV:bm ào{fVH$m`m©V PmoHy$Z {Xbo. Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©Vrb `emMo dm An`emMo _moO_mn Z§VaÀ`m H$mimVM Ho$bo OmUma hmoVo.

Ghogargaon's Fr Jacquier (Christianity in Marathwada)

KmoJaJmdMo Om{H$`a~m~m (‘amR>dmS>çmVrb {¼ñVr {_eZH$m`m©Mm B{Vhmg - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

boIH$: H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ,

562, gXm{ed noR>, nwUo - 411 030

1) Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ñ‘¥VtZm COmim

Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m KmoJaJmdmbm ^oQ> Úm`MrM Ago AJXr R>m‘ R>adyZ VoWo ‘r Joë`m ‘{hÝ`mV OmD$Z Ambmo. 'Jmd VoWo añVm Am{U añVm VoWo ~g' hr KmofUm KmoJaJmdÀ`m ~m~VrV bmJy Zmhr, åhUyZ eoOmaÀ`m Hw$R>ë`mhr VmbwŠ`mÀ`m {R>H$mUmhÿZ VoWo nmohmoMÊ`mgmR>r Img n«`ËZ H$amdm bmJVmo. XmoZ-Mma H$mog nm`r MmbÊ`mMr ‘mZ{gH$ V`marhr R>odmdr bmJVo. ‘amR>dmS>çmÀ`m {dH$mgmÀ`m AZweofmMr hr EH$ PbH$. Vgo nm{hbo Va lram‘nyahÿZ KmoJaJmd Agob {VgoH$ {H$bmo‘rQ>a A§Vamda. åhUOo ~gZo Ho$di EH$ VmgmMm àdmg. nU WoQ> ~g Zgë`mZo d¡¡Omnyabm OmD$Z VoWyZ ‘mbdmhVwH$s~amo~aM àdmgr dmhVyH$ H$aUmè`m Q>|nmoZo EH$XmMo KmoJaJmdbm nmohmoMbmo Am{U hþíe H$obo.

lram‘nyahÿZ gH$mir AH$ambm {ZKyZ VoWo nmohmoMm`bm g§Ü`mH$mi Pmbr. nU AIoarg `m VrW©joÌr nm` Q>oH$bo `mMo g‘mYmZ hmoVo. Ë`m‘wio àdmgmZo eara Am§~yZ Jobo hmoVo Var Ë`m~Ôb ‘Z H$gbrhr VH«$ma H$aV ZìhVo. {eIamMo n{hë`m§Xm Xe©Z KS>bo. KmoJaJmd ho _mPo AmOmoi. lram‘nyahÿZ ‘m‘mÀ`m Jmdr ~¡bJmS>rVyZ OmÊ`mMm AZw^d _r Am{U _mÂ`m ^md§S>m§Zr bhmZnUr AZoH$Xm AZw^dbm hmoVm. gH$mir àdmgmbm {ZKmë`mda Xwnmar ~mamÀ`m gw‘mamg Amåhr ^m‘mQ>mUbm nmohmoMV Agy. WmoS>o’$ma nmUr Agboë`m J§JoV Am‘Mr ~¡bJmS>r CVabr H$s Am‘Mm àdmg H$mhr H$mi

Wm§~o. {edam‘ ‘m‘m JmS>rMo ~¡b gmoS>yZ Ë`m§Zm JmoXmdarMo nmUr XmIdyZ AmUë`mZ§Va Ë`m§À`mg‘moa H$S>~m Q>mH$s. ''J§Jm Amobm§S>br åhÝOo AmnwZ Ambmo

AmVm ‘moJbmB©V, AmVm H$m` {Zå‘mM nadmg!'' Ago Amåhmbm JmdmV {eaÊ`mAmYrM VoWrb {¼ñVamOm ‘§{XamÀ`m C§M gm§JV _mPr AmB© - ~mB© - Amnë`m ‘mhoaÀ`m {XeoZo ZOa Q>mH$V Ago. Ah_XZJa {OëømV Am{U Z{OH$À`m n[agamV AmB©bm '~mB©' åhUyZ g§~moYbo OmVo.

''BW§ J§JoÀ`m C§M Vramda C^§ am{hb§ H$s KmoJaJmdÀ`m XodimM§ C§M {eIa {XgV§,"" Ago Vr Amåhmbm gm§Jo. gH$mir, Xwnmar Am{U g§Ü`mH$mir XodXyVmÀ`m {ZamonmÀ`m àmW©ZogmR>r `m XodimMr K§Q>m dmOVo Voìhm {VMm AmdmO `oWn`ªV EoHy$ `oVmo ho ‘r {VÀ`m Vmo§S>yZ AZoH$Xm EoH$V Ambmo Amho. ‘mÌ Vramda Q>mMm C§M H$ê$Z C^m amhÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$ê$Zhr ‘bm Zm H$Yr Ë`m XodimMo {eIa {Xgbo Zm Xwnmar ~mambm Ë`m K§Q>oMm AmdmO EoHy$ Ambm. ‘mÌ XodimMo Vo ^ì`nU Am[U Ë`m C§M {eIamVrb XmoZ hmVm§À`m H$dioV Z gm‘mdUmar Vr K§Q>m ‘mÂ`m ‘Zmda H$m`‘Mr H$moabr

‘amR>dmS>çmVrb Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømV J§Jmnya Am{U d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`m§V {¼ñVr bmoH$ ‘moR>çm g§»`oZo AmT>iVmV.

nydm©l‘rÀ`m Añn¥í` g‘mOmVrb bmoH$m§Zm {¼ñVr Y‘m©H$S>o di{dÊ`mMo ‘moR>o lo` Om{H$`a~m~m§H$S>o OmVo. KmoJaJmd hr `m Om{H$`a~m~m§Mr H$‘©^y‘r. OdiOdi Mma XeHo$ Ë`m§Zr `m n[agamV Y‘©H$m`© Ho$bo. Zd{¼ñVr g‘mOmÀ`m gm_m{OH$, e¡j{UH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ àJVrgmR>r Ë`m§Zr ‘moR>o H$m`© Ho$bo.

Ë`m‘wio AmOhr `m ’«|$M Y‘©Jwê$~Ôb `m n[agamVrb bmoH$m§‘Ü`o H¥$VkVoMr Am{U AmXamMr ^mdZm AmT>iVo.

d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`mVrb Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo KmoJaJmd ho ‘mPo AmOmoi. BWbo ‘yiMo ñWm{ZH$ Agboë`m {¼ñVr bmoH$m§Mr AmS>Zmdo {eZJmao AmhoV. KmoJaJmdmnmgyZ Xhm-~mam {H$bmo_rQ>a A§Vamda Agbobo J§Jmnya VmbwŠ`mVrb dmhoJmd ho Amåhm nmaIo ‘§S>itMo ‘yiJmd. Ë`m_wio Om{H$`a~m~m§er g§~§{YV Agboë`m AZoH$ KQ>Zm§À`m MMm© ‘r bhmZnUmnmgyZ gVV EoH$V Ambmo Amho. OdiOdi Vrg dfmªZr ‘mÂ`m AmB©bm KoD$Z ‘r AmVm `oWo nmohmoMbmo

hmoVmo Vo Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ñ‘¥Vrbm COiUr XoÊ`mgmR>r.

`oeyg§Kr` O_©Z Y_©Jwê§$Mo H°$Wmo{bH$ {‘eZMo H$m`© gwê$ Pmbo Vgo ‘amR>dmS>çmV Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømV KmoJaJmd Am{U ~moaga `m Jmdm§V {_eZarO Am°\$ g|Q> \$mpÝgg S>r goëg (E_EgE\$Eg) `m g§ñWoÀ`m \$§M Y_©Jwê§$Zr ào{fVH$m`© gwê$ H$obo. `m n[agamVrb AZoH$ Jmdm§V åhUOo dmhoJmd, J§Jmnya,

d¡Omnya, daIoS> `oWrb AZoH$ bmoH$m§Zm Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr ~m{áñ_m XoD$Z {¼ñVr Y‘m©V AmUbo. AmO `mn¡H$s AZoH$ {R>H$mUr Xodio C^o amhÿZ ñdV§Ì Y‘©J«m‘hr Pmbo AmhoV.

Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm {¼ñVdmgr hmoD$Z AmO gmR> df Pmbr Var Ë`m§Mo H$m`© `oWrb bmoH$ AOyZhr {dgabo ZmhrV. Ë`m§Zr ~§mYbobo `oWrb {¼ñVamOm ‘§{Xa Ë`m§Mo EH$ ñ‘maH$M Amho. `m XodimnmerM Ë`m§Mr Am{U Ë`m§Mo {eî` Am{U _amR>r g_mOmVrb n{hbo Y‘©Jwê$ Omogo’$ ‘moÝVoamo `m§À`m H$~ar AmhoV. Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m nÞmgmì`m nwÊ`{VWr{Z{‘Îm Ë`m§À`m g_mYrda Ë`m§Mm nyUm©H¥$Vr nwVim C^maÊ`mV Ambm. XmoÝhr H$~at^modVr EH$ N>moQ>ogo ~m§YH$m‘ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. ’$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m Á`m KmoS>mJmS>rV ~gyZ

`m ‘moJbmB©À`m n[agamV {’$aV Vo dmhZhr `m ñ‘maH$mV R>odÊ`mV Ambo Amho.

~mhoaJmdMo ^m{dH$ `m XodimV àmW©ZogmR>r `oVmV, Voìhm Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m `m ñ‘maH$mbm AmdO©yZ ^oQ> XoVmV. ~mB©~amo~a ‘r VoWo nmohmoMbmo Voìhm Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m H$~arMo {VZo AmXamZo Mw§~Z KoVbo. Ë`m§À`m nwVù`mg‘moa hmV OmoSy>Z {VZo àmW©Zm Ho$br Am{U VoWyZ ~mhoa OmÊ`mAmYr Ë`m H$~arbm EH$ nyU© àX{jUmhr KmVbr. {Vbm Om{H$`a~m~m§{df`r {H$Vr AmXa Amho ho ‘bm ‘mhrV Amho. nmgï> dfmªnydu `mM XodimV Om{H$`a~m~m§ZrM _mÂ`m AmB©-d{S>bm§Mo b½Z bmdbo hmoVo. AmO Eo§erÀ`m Amgnmg Agboë`m ~mB©Mm ~m{áñ_mhr H$Xm{MV Om{H$`a~m~m§ZrM Ho$bobm AgUma.

~mB©Mo XmoZ ^mD$ åhUOo ‘mPo ‘m‘m VéUnUmV Om{H$`a~m~m§Mm N>H$S>m hmH$V AgV. Ë`m‘wio Om{H$`a~m~m§Mr {‘eZar d¥Îmr, Ë`m§Mo H$m‘ `m {df`rÀ`m AZoH$ H$Wm {VÀ`mH$Sy>Z Am{U ‘mÂ`m d{S>bm§H$Sy>Z ‘r AZoH$Xm EoH$V Ambmo Amho. V‘mem‘wio bmoH$m§Mr Z¡{VH$Vm {~KS>Vo, Ë`m‘wio V‘mem EoZ a§JmV Amë`mZ§Va Om{H$`a~m~m VoWo KmoS>mJmS>rZo H$go nmohmoMV, VoWrb ZmMJmUo ~§X nmS>rV Am{U V‘mg{Jam§Mr T>mobH$s, Kw§Jê$ Am{U BVa gm{hË` KoD$Z KmoJaJmdr naVV AgV ho ‘r Ë`m XmoKm§H$Sy>Z Am{U _mÂ`m _m_m§H$Sy>Z AZoH$Xm EoH$bo Amho. V‘mg{Jam§À`m `m Oá Ho$boë`m g§JrVgmYZm§Zr KmoJaJmdmVrb ’$mXadmS>rVrb XmoZ Imoë`m ^aë`m hmoË`m Ago åhUVmV.

KmoJaJmdMo à‘wI Y‘©Jwê$ ’$mXa ñQ>r’$Z Aë‘oS>m `m§Zr Ë`mdoir VoWrb OwÝ`m H$m¡bmar emioÀ`m Imoë`m nmSy>Z Xw‘Obr B‘maV ~m§YÊ`mMo H$m‘ hmVr KoVbo hmoVo. ’$mXam§Mo OwZo {ZdmgñWmZhr nmSy>Z VoWo ZdrZ B‘maV ~m§YÊ`mV `oUma Amho. ‘mÌ ho ~m§YH$m‘ nmS>Ê`mAmYr Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m `m {ZdmgñWmZmMo Am{U Ë`m§À`m H$mimVrb emim§À`m ~m§YH$m‘mMo Ë`m§Zr pìh[S>Amo {MÌU H$ê$Z KoVbo. Om{H$`a~m~m§Mr ñ‘¥Vr OnÊ`mÀ`m Ë`§mÀ`m `m à`ËZmMo ‘bm Iyn

H$m¡VwH$ dmQ>bo.

‘r VoWo nmohmoMbmo Voìhm VoWrb g|Q> Omogo’$ emioÀ`m B‘maVrÀ`m {dñVmarH$aUmgmR>r OwZo ~m§YH$m‘ O‘rZXmoñV H$aÊ`mMr à{H«$`m gwê$ Pmbr ZìhVr. EH$ eVH$mnyduMo Vo ~m§YH$m‘ Voìhmhr AJXr ‘O~yV ñdê$nmV C^o hmoVo. Xe©Zr ^mJ Agboë`m Imobrda H«y$g hmoVm, Ë`mAWu Ë`m ImobrMmM nmD$U eVH$mnydu MM© åhUyZ dmna H$obm OmV AgUma. Ë`m ~m§YH$m‘mÀ`m nwT>o EH$m H$monè`mbm {¼ñVamOm ‘§{Xa Ago {b{hboë`m nÍ`mMm OwZmQ> \$bH$ hmoVm.

’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo H$m`m©b` Agbobr Imobr, Ë`m§Mo Q>o~b, Ë`m§À`m IwMu Am{U BVa ~aoM OwZo ’${Z©Ma ‘amR>dmS>çmVrb Ë`m gdm©V OwÝ`m {‘eZH$o§ÐmÀ`m e§^a dfmªÀ`m B{VhmgmMr gmj XoV hmoVo. H$mhr {Xdgm§Z§Va Vr dmñVyhr O_rZXmoñV hmoUma hmoVr. ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m Mma XeH$m§À`m dmñVì`mZo nmdZ Pmboë`m, Ë`m§À`m AmJù`mdoJù`m OrdZe¡brÀ`m IwUm Amnë`m gdmªJmda dmdaUmè`m Ë`m n{dÌ dmñVybm ‘J ‘r ‘mÂ`m H°$‘oè`mV doJdoJù`m H$moZm§VyZ {Q>nyZ KoVbo.

Ah‘XZJa {OëømVrb diU-H$o§Xi Am{U g§J‘Zoa `oWo } ào{fVH$m`m©V ’$mXa AmoQ>mo dmB©ghm¡ßQ> Am{U \$mXa ’«$mpÝgg ew{~Ja `m§Mo Ogo ‘hÎdmMo ñWmZ Amho VgoM Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb ào{fVH$m`m©V ‘hÎdmMo ñWmZ Amho. `mVrb n{hë`m XmoZ {‘eZatZr Ah‘XZJa {OëømÀ`m àdaoH$mR>r Va Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb JmoXmdarH$mR>r {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mm nm`m amodbm. hOmamo OUm§Zm Ë`m§Zr {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mr {Xjm {Xbr. ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm H°$Wmo{bH$ MM©Zo g§VmMm ‘mZ Úmdm, Aer ‘mJUr AmVmn`ªV H$moUr Ho$bobr Zmhr. g§VnXmMr Aer H$mhr Am¡nMm[aH$ à{H«$`m AgVo `mMr H$Xm{MV `m IoS>çm§Vrb bmoH$m§Zm H$ënZmhr Zgob. `oWrb bmoH$m§Zr Om{H$`a~m~m h`mV AgVmZmM Ë`m§Zm g§V ‘mZbo. AmOhr Ë`m§À`m H$~abm ^oQ> XoUmao ^m{dH$ Ë`m§Zm g§V ‘mZyZM Ë`m§À`mH$S>o ‘Ü`ñWrgmR>r àmW©Zm H$aVmV.

bhmZnUmnmgyZ `m _hmËå`m{df`r AZoH$ Jmoï>r _mÂ`m H$mZmda nS>V hmoË`m. _amR>dmS>çmÀ`m J«m_rU ^mJm§V bmoH$m§_Ü`o AË`§V AmXamMo ñWmZ Agboë`m `m g_mOgwYmaH$mMr BVam§Zmhr AmoiI H$ê$Z XoÊ`mgmR>r `m nwñVH$mMr {Z{_©Vr Pmbr Amho.

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boIH$-nÌH$ma H$m{_b nmaIo `m§Mm n[aM`

boIH$-nÌH$ma H$m{_b nmaIo ho B§J«Or d¥ÎmnÌr` joÌmV AZoH$ df} H$m`©aV AmhoV. Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`mVrb dmhoJmd ho Ë`m§Mo _yiJmd. lram_nya `oWo OÝ_.  _w§~B© {dÚmnrR>mVyZ ~rE Am{U E_ E(VÎdkmZ) {ejU KoVboë`m nmaIo `m§Zr Jmoì`mVrb 'Xr ZdqhX Q>mBåg' `m B§J«Or d¥ÎmnÌmV Amnë`m nÌH$m[aVoÀ`m ì`dgm`mMr gwê$dmV Ho$br. {X B§{S>`Z \o$S>aoeZ Am°µ\$ d{Hª$J OZm©{bñQ>g `m g§ñWoÀ`m  _mÜ`_mVyZ Ë`m§Zr `wamonmVrb ~ëJo[a`mMr amOYmZr gmo{\$`m `oWo nÌH$m[aVoMm nX{dH$m Aä`mgH«$_ nyU© Ho$bm, Ë`mM Xaå`mZ gmopìhEV a{e`mMm Xm¡am H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr Ë`m§Zm bm^br. lram_nya `oWrb gmd©_V, Am¡a§Jm~mX `oWrb Xr bmoH$_V Q>mBåg, nwÊ`mVrb B§{S>`Z EŠñàog Am{U Xr Q>mBåg Am°\$ B§{S>`m `m X¡{ZH$m§V Ë`m§Zr ~mV_rXma Am{U Cng§nmXH$ åhUyZ H$m_ Ho$bobo Amho. nËZr O°ŠbrZ Am{U _wbJr Am{XVr `m§À`mgh Ë`m§Mo dmñVì` nwÊ`mOdirb qMMdS> `oWo AgVo. gÜ`m Vo 'gH$mi' d¥ËVnÌg_yhmÀ`m 'gH$mi Q>mBåg' `m nwÊ`mVyZ à{gÜX hmoUmè`m X¡{ZH$mV Vo H$m`© H$aV AmhoV.   


H$m{_b nmaIo  `m§Mr BVa  _amR>r-B§J«Or nwñVHo$

 'CÎmw§J'  (ì`{º${MÌg§J«h), B§p½be-_amR>r {_{S>Am {S>ŠeZar, '_hmamï´> M[aÌH$moe' (B.g. 1800 Vo B. g. 2000), '{¼ñVr {_eZè`m§Mo `moJXmZ',  'X{bV  {¼íMZm§Mm AmajUmÀ`m h¸$mgmR>r bT>m', 'JmdHw$gm~mhoaMm {¼ñVr g_mO', 'X{bV {¼íMÝg: amB©Q> Qy> [aPìh}eÝg'  Am{U 'H$m±{Q´>ã`weZ Am°\$ {¼íMZ {_eZarO BZ B§{S>`m'.