Untouchability: The world outside and inside the village gate (Marathi)

 JmdHw$gm~mhoaMm {¼ñVr g_mO,  H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo

2) JmdHw$gmVrb, JmdHw$gm~mhoaMo OJ

{h§XwñWmZmV {~«{Q>em§Mm A§_b gwê$ Pmbm Voìhm `m XoemVrb ~hþVoH$ àm§Vm§Vrb g_mO Añn¥í`, Añn¥í` Am{U doJdoJù`m OmVr-O_mVtV {d^mJbm hmoVm. {~«{Q>em§À`m amOdQ>rV nmíMmË` {dMmam§Mo XoemV dmao dmhÿ bmJbo VgVgo nwamoJm_r nwT>mè`m§Zr Añn¥í`Vm{Z_w©bZmgmR>r bT>m gwê$ Ho$bm. _mÌ Xoembm ñdmV§Í` {_imë`mZ§Va Am{U H$m`ÚmZo Añn¥í`VmnmbZmda ~§Xr `oD$Zhr hr àWm {H$Ë`oH$ df} MmbyM am{hbr hmoVr. Añn¥í`m§Zm Ë`mH$mimV ^moJmì`m bmJUmè`m `mVZm§Mr _m{hVr H$ê$Z KoÊ`mgmR>r ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimVrb J«m_rU g_mOOrdZmMr AmoiI AgUo Oê$arMo Amho.

_hmamï´>mVrb IoS>oJmdm§V Ë`m nyU© JmdmVrb bmoH$dñVr EH$mM {R>H$mUr AmT>iV Zmhr. H$mhr OU Amnë`m eoVm§da amhV AgVmV, H$mhr {R>H$mUr Xhm~mam Kao EH$Ì AmT>iVmV Am{U Ë`m dñVrbm dmS>r åhQ>bo OmVo. JmdMr _w»` dñVr åhUOo JmdR>mU. H$moH$UMm AndmX gmoS>bm Va JmdR>mU Am{U dmS>çm AemàH$maMr dñVr ~hþVoH$ {R>H$mUr gmnS>Vo. `m JmdR>mUm^modVr Mmoam-XamoS>oImoam§nmgyZ g§ajUmgmR>r VQ>~§Xr Ho$br Agm`Mr, `m VQ>~§Xrbm JmdHw$gy åhQ>bo Om`Mo. JmdR>mUmV åhUOo `m JmdHw$gmÀ`m AmV g_mOmÀ`m C? dUm©À`m åhUOo ñn¥í` OmVrÀ`m bmoH$m§Mr Kao Agm`Mr. JmdHw$gmÀ`m ~mhoa ImbÀ`m OmVrÀ`m, Añn¥í` OmVr§À`m bmoH$m§Mr dñVr Agm`Mr. `m Añn¥í` g_mOmV _hma, _m§J Am{U Mm§^ma `m OmVtMm g_mdoe Agm`Mm. _hmamï´>mÀ`m OdiOdi gd©M ^mJm§V Añn¥í` g_mOmV _hma OmVrÀ`m bmoH$m§Mr g§»`m gdm©{YH$ AmT>iVo.

JmdHw$gmÀ`m AmVrb daÀ`m OmVr§À`m Am{U JmdHw$gm~mhoaÀ`m ~{hîH¥$V, ImbÀ`m OmVr§À`m g_mOOrdZmMo Xe©Z KS>dUmar H$mhr nwñVHo$ {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwédmVrg Am{U Ë`mZ§Va à{gÜX Pmbr hmoVr. {~«{Q>e A_XmZrÀ`m H$mimV ñn¥í`m§Mo Am{U Añn¥í`m§Mo nañnag§~§Y, ~bwVoXmar Am{U JmdHw$gm~mhoa OJUmè`m bmoH$m§Mr VËH$mbrZ OrdZe¡br `m~Ôb {dídmgmh© _mZVm `oB©b Aer _m{hVr hr nwñVHo$ nwadVmV. Ë`mH$mimVrb g_mOOrdZmMm Aä`mg H$aUmè`m g§emoYH$m§À`mÑï>rZo hr nwñVHo$ AË`§V _wë`dmZ AmhoV. {̧~H$ Zmam`U AmÌo `m§Zr {b{hbobo 'JmdJmS>m' Am{U 1915 gmbr à{gÜX Pmbobo ho Ë`mn¡H$s EH$ AË`§V _hÎdmMo nwñVH$ Amho.1 {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwê$dmVrVrb Aìdb B§J«Or A§_XmZrÀ`m H$mimVrb npíM_ _hmamï´>mVrb J«m_rU OrdZmMr ho nwñVH$ AmoiI H$ê$Z XoVo. aoìh AboŠPm§S>a am°~Q>©gZ `m§Mo 1938 gmbr à{gÜX Pmbobo 'Xr _hma \$moëH$ - A ñQ>S>r Am°\$ AZQ>Mo~ëg BZ _hmamï´>' `m nwñVH$mVyZ Ah_XZJa, am`JS> (Hw$bm~m ho AmYrMo Zmd) {Oëho Am{U ZmJnya `m n[agamVrb _hmam§Mo JmdJmS>çmVrb ñWmZ Am{U Ë`m§Mr OrdZe¡br `m{df`r _m{hVr {_iVo.2 (`m nwñVH$mMr _amR>r Amd¥Îmrhr AmVm CnbãY Amho. 3 ) Ë`mZ§VaÀ`m H$mimVrb åhUOo 1950À`m Xaå`mZ _hmamï´>mVrb Jm_rU g_mOOrdZmMr _m{hVr H$ê$Z XoUmao {d. _. Xm§S>oH$a Am{U _. ^m OJVmn `m§Zr {b{hbobo '_hmamï´>mMr J«m_rU g_mOaMZm' ho AmUIr EH$ _hÎdmMo nwñVH$ Amho. nwÊ`mÀ`m JmoIbo AW©emó g§emoYZ g§ñWoZo _hmamï´>mV 1951-52 gmbr gd}jU Ho$bo hmoVo. Ë`m gd}jUmVyZ hmVr Ambobr _m{hVr `m nwñVH$mV g§H$brV Ho$br Amho.4 ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimVhr Añn¥í`m§Zm Hw$R>ë`m hmbAnoï>m§Zm Vm|S> Úmdo bmJV hmoVo `mMo {MÌU 1970 Z§Va à{gÜX Pmboë`m AZoH$ X{bV boIH$m§À`m AmË_H$WZm§VyZ ñnï> Pmbo Amho.

JmdHw$gm~mhoaÀ`m _hmam§À`m dñVrbm _hmadmS>m Am{U _m§JmÀ`m dñVrbm _m§JdmS>m åhUV AgV. _moJbmB©Vrb d¡Omnya Am{U J§Jmnya VmbwŠ`mVrb _hmadmS>çmbm 'amOdmS>m' AgoM g§~moYbo OmVo. `oWrb AZoH$ Jmdm§Vrb _hma bmoH$ e§^a dfmªnyduM {¼ñVr Pmbo Agbo Var EH${dgmì`m eVH$mV AmOhr Ë`m§Mr dñVr amOdmS>m qH$dm _hmadmS>m åhUyZM AmoiIbr OmVo. Y_mªVam_wio Ë`m§À`m gm_m{OH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ pñWVrV \$magm ~Xb Pmbm Zmhr `mMoM ho g§~moYZ EH$ ÚmoVH$ Amho.

ImZXoe, _amR>dmS>m dJ¡ao n[agam§V JmdHw$gmMo ~m§YH$m_ XJS>mMo qH$dm ^|S>mMo åhUOo nm§T>è`m _mVrÀ`m H$ÀÀ`m {dQ>m§Mo Agm`Mo. JmdHw$gmÀ`m ~mhoa nS>Ê`mÀ`m dmQ>oda XadmOm Agm`Mm. nyduÀ`m H$mir doerMo ho XadmOo gy`m©ñVmnmgyZ gy`m}X`mn`ªV ~§X Ho$bo OmV AgV Am{U àË`oH$ doerda amIUrgmR>r dogH$a åhUyZ EH$ _hma ~gV Ago.

Á`m Jmdmbm ZXrAmoT>çmgma»`m dmhË`m àdmhmMo nmUr {nÊ`mgmR>r dmnabo OmB© Aem {R>H$mUr Añn¥í`m§Mr dñVr nmÊ`mÀ`m àdmhmÀ`m ImbÀ`m ~mOyZo Ago. AemàH$mao daÀ`m OmVrMo bmoH$ ZXrMo nmUr àdmhmÀ`m daÀ`m ~mOyg ^aV Am{U ImbÀ`m OmVrMo, Añn¥í` bmoH$ àdmhmÀ`m ImbÀ`m ~mOyg nmUr ^aV. Ë`m_wio Añn¥í`m§À`m ñnem©Zo {dQ>mi Pmbobo nmUr dmnaÊ`mMm YmoH$m {Z_m©U hmoV Zgo.

ZXrda qH$dm AmoT>çm§da gm_m{OH$ CVa§S>rZwgma doJdoJù`m {R>H$mUr {d{eï> OmVtMo nmUdQ>o AgV. àdmhmÀ`m daÀ`m ~mOybm gd©àW_ g_mOmÀ`m gdm©V loð> Aem ~«m÷U OmVrMo nmUdR>o, Agm`Mo, Ë`mZ§Va ImbÀ`m OmVtMo åhUOo _amR>m, _mir dJ¡ao ñn¥í` OmVtMo nmUdR>o Agm`Mo. ñn¥í`m§À`m nmUdR>çmImbr Añn¥í`m§Mo nmUdR>o gwê$ hmoV. Ë`m§À`m gm_m{OH$ ñVam§Zwgma åhUOo AmYr am_moer d Mm§^ma, Ë`mZ§Va T>moa, Ë`mÀ`mImbr _hma, _hmam§À`m Imbr _m§Jm§Mo nmUdR>o AgV. gdmªÀ`m eodQ>r Imbr ^§Jr OmVrMm nmUdR>m Ago.

_mÌ {dQ>mi Pmbobo Ë`m ZXrAmoT>çm§Mo nmUr Ë`mZ§Vahr dmhVM amhm`Mo Am{U Xwgè`m Jmdm§V VoM nmUr C? dUmªMo bmoH$ n{hë`m§Xm dmnaV AgV. dmhË`m nmÊ`mbm {dQ>mi ZgVmo Aer EH$ åhU _amR>rV Amho, Vr ~hþYm `m H$maUm_wioM Aem _`m©{XV AWm©Zo ê$T> Pmbr Agmdr.

H$mhr Jmdm§V gmd©O{ZH$ AmS> qH$dm {dhrarVrb nmUr dmnabo OmB©. _mÌ _hma, _m§J, Mm§^ma, T>moa, am_moer Am{U H¡$H$mS>rgma»`m ImbÀ`m OmVrÀ`m bmoH$m§Zm `m VWmH${WV gmd©O{ZH$ {d{harda nmUr ^aÊ`mMr nadmZJr ZìhVr. Ë`m§À`mgmR>r doJio {dhra qH$dm AmS> Agm`Mo. _mÌ _hmam§À`m {d{harda _m§Jm§Zm nmUr ^aVm `oV Zgo. _mÂ`m AmOmoimV åhUOo KmoJaJmdmV 'amOdmS>çmV' åhUOo _hmadmS>çmV ñdV§Ì {dhra hmoVr, ho _bm ñnï> AmR>dVo. amOdmS>çmVrb `m {dhrarbm JmdmVrb ñn¥í`m§À`m {d{harnojm df©^a A{YH$ _w~bH$ nmUr Agm`Mo Ago _mPr AmB© AOyZ gm§JV AgVo.

Á`m Añn¥í` OmVtZm ñdV:Mr {dhra Zgo Ë`mbmoH$m§Zm _J BVam§À`m _ohoa~mZrda Adb§~yZ amhmdo bmJo. gmd©O{ZH$ {dhrarda VmgZVmg C^o amhÿZ H$moUrVar Ë`m§Zm nmUr dmTy>Z XoB©b `mMr Ë`m§Zm dmQ> nmhmdo bmJo. nmUr ß`m`Mo Agbo Var Ë`m§Zr Imbr dmHy$Z hmVmMr Am|Oi Ho$ë`mZ§Va ñn¥í` bmoH$ bm§~yZ dê$Z nmUr AmoVV AgV.

Añn¥í`m§Zm gmd©O{ZH$ nmUdQ>o Iwbr H$aÊ`mV `mdr `m _mJUrgmR>r S>m° ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§Zr H$moH$UmVrb _hmS> `oWo 1927 gmbr bT>m Ho$bm. VoWrb MdXma Vù`mMo nmUr Añn¥í`m§Zr MmIbo. _mÌ Var gmd©O{ZH$ nmUdQ>o Añn¥í`m§Zm Iwbo hmoÊ`mgmR>r AmUIr {H$VrVar XeH$m§Mm H$mbmdYr Omdm bmJbm. 'Añn¥í` O_mVr gmd©O{ZH$ {d{harda nmUr ^ê$ bmJë`mMo EH$hr CXmhaU Amåhr nmhUr Ho$boë`m 72 Jmdm§V {_imbo Zmhr' Ago {d. _. Xm§S>oH$a Am{U _. ^m. OJVmn `m§Zr 1957 gmbr à{gÜX Pmboë`m Amnë`m nwñVH$mV {b{hbo Amho. g_mOgodH$ S>m° ~m~m AmT>md `m§Zr Añn¥í`Vm àWoMo {Z_©byZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r 1970À`m XeH$mV 'EH$ Jmd, EH$ nmUdR>m' `moOZm am~dÊ`mgmR>r _hmamï´>mV Midi am~dbr hmoVr. 'EH$ Jmd, EH$ nmUdR>m' `mM {ef©H$mÀ`m nwñVH$mV S>m° AmT>mdm§Zr OmVrg§~§YmVrb Amnbo AZw^d gm§{JVbo AmhoV.5

h„r J«m_rU ^mJm§V gJirH$S>oM JmdR>mU, JmdHw$gy Am{U dog `m Jmoï>r B{VhmgO_m Pmë`m AmhoV. _mÌ `m OwÝ`m ~m§YH$m_m§Mr nS>PS> Pmbobr Agbr Var Ë`m§À`mer {ZJS>rV g_mOaMZoV Am{U g_mOmÀ`m _mZ{gH$VoV \$magm ~Xb Pmbobm Zmhr. AÑí` ñdénmV `oWo AmOhr JmdHw$gmÀ`m AmV Am{U JmdHw$gm~mhoa OJUmar XmoZ doJdoJio OJ AmT>iVmV.

g§X^©:

1) qÌ~H$ Zmam`U AmÌo, 'Jmd-JmS>m' ; àH$meH$: h. A. ^mdo, daXm ~wŠg, 397/1, goZmnVr ~mnQ> _mJ©, nwUo 411 016 ({Vgar Amd¥Îmr, nwZ_w©ÐU 1995)

2) AboŠPm§S>a am°~Q>©gZ, 'Xr _hma \$moëH$ - A ñQ>S>r Am°\$ AZQ>Mo~ëg BZ _hmamï´>' Xr [a{b{OAg bmB©\$ Am°\$ B§{S>`m'; àH$meH$: dm` E_ gr E.npãbqeJ hmD$g, 5, agob ñQ´>rQ>, H$mobH$mVm, håào {_b\$moS>©, Am°Šg\$moS>© `w{Zìh{g©Q>r àog (1938); Xwgè`m Amd¥VrMo àH$meH$ S>m°. AemoH$ Jm`H$dmS>, H$m¡eë` àH$meZ, EZ-11, gr-3/24/3, hS>H$mo, Am¡a§Jm~mX, 431 003 (2005)

3) AboŠPm§S>a am°~Q>©gZ, '_hma bmoH$- _hmamï´>mVrb Añn¥í`m§Mm Aä`mg (^maVmMo Ym{_©H$ OrdZ), AZwdmXH$: {^jw grd{b~moYr Am{U ñ_aU X{hdbo; àH$meH$: Xo. am. nJmao, gwJV àH$meZ, 780, d¡embrZJa, ZmJnya- 17, ({ÛVr`md¥Îmr 1991)

4) {d. _. Xm§S>oH$a Am{U _. ^m OJVmn, '_hmamï´>mMr J«m_rU g_mOaMZm', àH$meH$: Y. am. JmS>Jri, JmoIbo AW©emó g§emoYZ g§ñWm (àH$meZ nmMdo), nwUo- 411 004 (1957); (nmZ 10)

5) S>m° ~m~m AmT>md, 'EH$ Jmd, EH$ nmUdR>m',

Christians in Mughalai (Marathwada) region

JmdHw$gm~mhoaMm {¼ñVr g_mO

H$m{_b nmaIo

àH$meH$: gwJmdm àH$meZ

1) _moJbmB©Vrb {¼ñVr ' amOdmS>m '

KmoJaJmdbm Amåhmbm Om`Mo Agbo {H$ AmXë`m {Xder Am_Mo _m_m ~¡bJmS>r KoD$Z lram_nyabm `oV AgV. KamVrb Amåhm H$mhr _wbm§Zm _J ~¡bJmS>rMr g¡a KS>V Ago. nhmQ>oM ñd`§nmH$ H$ê$Z ~mB© EH$m H$mnS>çmV ^mH$ar Am{U ~Q>mQ>çmMr ^mOr ~m§YyZ KoB©. ~amo~aÀ`m {nVirÀ`m H$S>rÀ`m Vm§ã`mV nmUr Ago. Xwnmar ~mamÀ`m gw_mamg WmoS>o\$ma nmUr Agboë`m JmoXmdarÀ`m nmÌmV Am_Mr ~¡bJmS>r CVabr {H$ Am_Mm àdmg H$mhr H$mi Wm§~o.

{edam__m_m JmS>rMo ~¡b gmoSy>Z Ë`m§Zm ZXrMo nmUr XmIdyZ AmUë`mZ§Va Ë`m§À`mg_moa H$S>~m Q>mH$s. 'J§Jm Amobm§S>br åhÝOo Ambmo AmnwZ AmVm _moJbmB©V, AmËVm H$m` {Zå_mM nadmg !' Ago åhUV ~mB© Amnë`m _mhoaÀ`m {XeoZo ZOa Q>mH$s. J§JoÀ`m C§M Vramda C^o am{hbo {H$ KmoJaJmdÀ`m {¼ñVamOm _§{XamMo C§M {eIa R>iH$nUo {XgVo Ago Vr Amåhmbm Zoho_r gm§JVo. gH$mi, Xwnmar Am{U g§Ü`mµH$mir àmW©ZogmR>r `m XodimMr K§Q>m dmOVo Voìhm Vmo AmdmO `oWn`ªV EoHy$ `oVmo hohr AZoH$Xm _r {VÀ`m Vm|Sy>Z EoH$V Ambmo Amho. _mÌ Z{XÀ`m H$mR>mda C§Mmda C^m amhÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$ê$Zhr _bm H$Yr Ë`m XodimMo Zm {eIa {Xgbo Zm Xwnmar ~mambm Ë`m K§Q>oMm AmdmO EoHy$ Ambm.

OodU Pmbo {H$ _J _m_m ZXrÀ`m dmhË`m àdmhmOdiÀ`m dmiyV ~marH$ IÈ>m V`ma H$ar. H$mhr jUmVM Ë`m IS>S>çmV nmUr da `oD$ bmJo. Vo nmUr EH$Xm {ZVi Pmbo {H$ _J AmoOirZo Amåhr Vo nmUr {nV Agy. _J nwÝhm Am_Mm ~¡bJmS>rZo àdmg gwê$ hmoB©. naVrMm doY bmJë`mZo ~¡b AmnUhÿZ H$go Xm¡S>V OmVmV, `mMm Ë`mdoir AZw^d `oB©.

JmoXmdarÀ`m EH$m {Vamda npíM_ _hmamï´>mVrb Ah_XZJa {OëømMr gr_maofm Va Xwgè`m {Vamda _amR>dmS>çmVrb Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømMr gr_maofm Amho. Ah_XZJa {OëømÀ`m _wR>odmS>Jmd `oWyZ JmoXmdar Amobm§Sy>Z ^m_mQ>mU JmdmV àdoe Ho$bm {H$ _moJbmB© gwê$ hmoVo. ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimV _amR>dmS>m àXoe h¡Xam~mXÀ`m {ZOm_mÀ`m Vmã`mV hmoVm. hm àXoe _moJbmB©Mm n[aga åhUyZ AmoiIbm OmB©.

JmoXmdarÀ`m àdmhmZo `m XmoZ n[agam§Mr {d^mJUr Ho$br Amho. {ZgJm©À`m `m {d^mJUrZo EH$_oH$m§g AJXr IoQy>Z Agboë`m `m VmbwŠ`m§Mm gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$, amOH$s`, Eo{Vhm{gH$ Am{U e¡j{UH$ dmagmhr nyU©V: {^Þ am{hbm Amho. {ZOm_emhrV d¡Omnya, J§Jmnya VmbwHo$ _amR>dmS>çmÀ`m BVa ^mJm§à_mUo Xwb©{jV am{hbo Am{U Ë`m§Mr hr nadS> _hmamï´>mÀ`m ñWmnZoZ§Vahr MmbyM am{hbr Amho. `mCbQ> npíM_ _hmamï´>mVrb lram_nya, H$monaJmd VmbwŠ`mbm ghH$mar MidirMo, ObqgMZmÀ`m Omù`mMo Am{U VmH$XdmZ amO{H$` MidirMo Am{U ZoV¥ËdmMo daXmZ bm^bo. JmoXmdarÀ`m {Vam§da C^o am{hbo åhUOo àJV npíM_ _hmamï´>mMo Am{U AmOhr _mJmg am{hboë`m _amR>dmS>çmMo `m gd©M joÌm§Vrb doJionU àH$fm©Zo OmUdVo.

JmoXmdarÀ`m àdmhmZo EH$_oH$m§nmgyZ {d^mJboë`m Ah_XZJa {OëømÀ`m lram_nya, amhþar, g§J_Zoa Am{U amhmVm `m VmbwŠ`m§V Am{U Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømÀ`m d¡Omnya Am{U J§Jmnya VmbwŠ`m§V gìdmeo dfmªnydu åhUOo {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m AIoarg g_m§Va[aË`m {¼ñVr Y_m©§VamMr à{H$`m gwê$ Pmbr hmoVr. Ah_XZJa {OëømV O_©Z, Am°pñQ´>`Z Am{U ñdrg `oeyg§Kr` (OogwB©Q>) `m H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©Jwê$§À`m g§ñWoMo gXñ` H$m_ H$aV hmoVo Va åhUOo _moJbmB© n[agamV {_eZarO Am°\$ g|Q> \«$mpÝgg S>r goëg (E_EgE\$Eg) `m Xwgè`m H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©Jwê$§À`m g§ñWoMo \$mXabmoH$ H$m_ H$aV hmoVo.

n{hë`m _hm`wÜXmV 1915 gmbr {~«{Q>em§Zr Ah_XZJa {OëømV H$m_ H$aUmè`m O_©Z ZmJ[aH$ Agboë`m `oeyg§Kr` \$mXam§Mr qhXwñWmZmVyZ hH$mbnÅ>r Ho$br Voìhm _moJbmB©Vrb \«|$M ZmJarH$ Agbobo E_EgE\$Eg Y_©Jwê$ `oeyg§{K`m§À`m _XVrg YmdyZ Ambo. `m {OëømVrb amhmVm Am{U gmoZJmd Y_©J«m_m§V `oeyg§Kr` Y_©Jwê$§À`m AZwnpñWVrV 1921 n`ªV KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Jw[a`Z Om{H$`a `m§Zr {eS>uOdirb amhmVm `oWo Am{U _amR>dmS>çmVrb Ë`m§Mo EH$ ghH$mar \$mXa Om°Z _oar ~oO} `m§Zr amhþarOdirb H|$Xi `oWo Y_©àgmamMo H$m`© Mmby R>odbo.1 `m _hm`wÜXmV \«$mÝg ho B§½b§S>Mo {_Ìamï´> Agë`mZo OÝ_mZo µ\«o$§M Agboë`m Y_©Jwê$§da {~«{Q>em§Zr Hw$R>bohr {Z~ªY bmXbo ZìhVo..

gZ 1973À`m gw_mamg _m_o~{hUrÀ`m b¾m{Z{_Îm gmVdrbm {eH$V AgVmZm _r KmoJaJmdbm Jobmo Voìhm _bm 'amOdmS>m', 'dog' 'MmdS>r' Am{U '_hma' `m eãXm§Mr n{hë`m§Xm AmoiI Pmbr. dog Zgboë`m Am{U AR>amnJS> OmVrY_m©Mo bmoH$ Zì`mZoM CX`mg Amboë`m Am_ì`m lram_nwa ehamV amhV Agë`mZo VoWo _bm `m eãXm§Mr AmoiI AgUo eŠ`M ZìhVo. KmoJaJmdmV {¼ñVamOmÀ`m XodimnmgyZ H$mhr A§Vamda Agboë`m OmJoV _mÂ`m AmOmo~m§Zr, JmoqdXamd {eZJa|Zr, ^|S>çm§Mo nm§T>è`m _mVrV ~m§Ybobo MmanmM Imoë`m§Mo Ka hmoVo. VoWoM Ë`mdoir em§ËdZ_m_m, {edam__m_m amhV hmoVo. Amgnmg AerM nm§T>è`m _mVrZo ~m§Ybobr AZoH$ Kao hmoVr. hr gd© Kao Agboë`m n[agambm 'amOdmS>m' Ago åhUV AgV. _mPo MwbV_m_m AmoT>çmÀ`m n{bH$S>o Agboë`m eoVmVrb PmonS>r§V amhV AgV. eoVmda Joë`mda A_wH$ OU Hw$R>o Jobm Aer {dMmaUm Pmbr {H$ Vmo 'amOdmS>çmda Agob' Ago CÎma H$mZmda Ambo {H$ _r ~wMH$i`mV nS>V Ago. 'Mm§Xmo~m' _m{gH$mV Am{U BVa Jmoï>r§À`m nwñVH$m§V amOoamOdmS>çm§À`m H$Wm dmMë`m_wio BWo 'amOdmS>m' hm H$m` àH$ma Amho ho H$iV Zgo. `m{df`r _r ~mB©bm {dMmabo Voìhm {VZo {Xboë`m CÎmam_wio Iwbmgm hmoÊ`mEodOr _mÂ`m _ZmVrb Jm|YimV A{YH$M ^a nS>br.

''Ama§ amOdmS>m åhÝOr åhmam§Mr dñVr, åhmadmS>m eãX ~am {XgV Zmhr åhZyZ amOdmS>m Ag§M åhÝË`mV,'' Ago {VMo CÎma hmoVo.

''AJ§ nZ ~mB©, AmnwZ åhma H$eo? AmnwZ Va {I[añVr Zm?'' _mÂ`m `m àíZmbm _mÂ`m {Zaja AmB©H$S>o CÎma ZìhVo. "AmËVm ~mB©, H$m` gm§Jmdm `m ßdmambm?'' Ago AM§ã`mZo Vm|S>mbm nXa bmdV åhUV Vr {~Mmar Jßn ~gbr hmoVr.

`m 'amOdmS>çmÀ`m' bmJyZM AJXr nS>PS>rbm Ambobr EH$ dog hmoVr. ~hþYm `m doern{bH$S>oM OwÝ`m H$mimV Jmd Am{U VoWo C?d{U©`m§Mr dñVr Agmdr. `m JmdmV Vã~b Mmirg df} am{hbobo Am{U `oWoM Xoh R>odbobo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m Amnë`m KmoS>mJmS>rV ~gyZ dm KmoS>çmda ñdma hmoD$Z Zoho_rMr `o-Om H$aV AgUma. `wamo{n`Z Agë`mZo qhXw g_mOmVrb Ccca?d{U©`m§à_mUoM Ë`m§Zmhr doerImbyZ KmoS>çmda ~gyZ `oÊ`mOmÊ`mMm _mZ Ë`m§Zm hmoVm. doerÀ`m AmVë`m ~mOybm amOdmS>çmbmbmJyZM Voìhmhr _O~yV pñWVrV Agbobr EH$ MmdS>r hmoVr. amOdmS>çmVM hr MmdS>r Agë`mZo amOdmS>çmV amhUmè`m bmoH$m§MrM Vr hmoVr. amOdmS>çmVrb AZoH$ nwê$f_§S>ir VoWo ~gV Agë`mMo Am{U _rhr VoWo Joë`mMo _bm ñnï> AmR>dVo.

_hmamï´>mV OwÝ`m H$mimV àË`oH$ JmdmV ñn¥í`m§gmR>r Am{U Añn¥í`m§gmR>r Aem XmoZ ñdV§Ì MmdS>çm AgV. gdUm©À`m MmdS>rbm JmdMmdS>r Am{U Añn¥í`m§À`m MmdS>rbm _hma MmdS>r åhUV AgV. Jmd MmdS>rV ~gyZ ñn¥í` _§S>ir, nmQ>rb, VbmR>r Am{U JmdH$sMo H$m_ H$aUmao _hma am_moer ~gyZ JmdMm gm_m{OH$ Am{U emgH$s` H$ma^ma nmhV AgV Va _hma MmdS>rV ~gyZ _hma _§S>ir Amnë`m OmVrMm H$ma^ma nmhV AgV. Aem `m XmoZ MmdS>çm§{edm` Jmdm§V BVa g_mOmÀ`m, OmVrÀ`m ñdV§Ì MmdS>çm ZgV Ago S>m°. e§H$aamd IamVm§Zr {b{hbo Amho.2 A{bµH$S>À`m H$mimV Jmd MmdS>rMo ê$nm§Va g_mO_§{XamV Pmbo Am{U H$mhr {R>H$mUr ~m¡ÜX Y_© ñdrH$maboë`m bmoH$m§Zr _hma MmdS>rMo ~wÜX_§Xra qH$dm ~wÜX{dhma Ago Zm_H$aU Ho$ë`mMo {XgVo. _hma g_mO ~hþg§»`oZo {¼ñVr Y_m©V Joboë`m Jmdm§V AWm©VM `m _hma MmdS>çm§Mr H$mimÀ`m AmoKmV Añn¥í`VoÀ`m Mmbr[aVrà_mUoM nS>PS> Pmbr.

lram_nwa ehamV {edm{edrMm àË`j AZw^d KoVë`mMo _bm AmR>dV Zmhr. Á`m Kam§V gmodù`mAmodù`mMr àWm Ago Ë`mVyZ Ë`m KamVrb BVa ì`º$s¨Mrhr gwQ>H$m Zgm`Mr, Ë`m_wio `m àH$mam~m~V Hw$Ur \$mago _Zmbm bmdyZ KoV ZgV. Xa {Xdmirbm Am_À`m Kar eoOmaÀ`m _mir_amR>m Hw$Qw>§~m§Mr \$amimMr VmQ>o `oV, B©Xbm _wgb_mZ eoOmè`m§Mm era-Hw$a_m `oB© Am{U ZmVmimbm Am_À`mH$Sy>Z \$amimMr VmQ>o Ë`m gJù`m§H$S>o OmV. Am_À`m KamVyZ AmirVrb BVa H$mhr Kam§V AmR>dS>çmVyZ XmoZ-{VZXmVar H$mbdUm§Mr, ^mOr§Mr XodmUKodmU hmoV Ago. a{ddmar Am_À`mH$S>o h_Img demQ>mMo OodU Agë`mZo Ë`m{Xder `m XodmUKodmUrda ñW{JVr Agm`Mr. Ë`m_wio Amnë`m hmVM§ H$mhr bmoH$m§Zm MmbV Zmhr Am{U Vo H$m MmbV Zmhr ho _bm Iyn H$mi H$imboM Zmhr. `m àíZm§Mr CÎmao emoYÊ`mMr {ZH$S>hr Ë`mdoir ^mgbr Zmhr.

_mÂ`m _m_m§~amo~a KmoJaJmdmVrb dm Z{OH$À`m IoS>çm§Vrb H$mhr _mUgo lram_nwamV H$m_m{Z{_Îm Amë`mg Am_À`mhr Kar `oV AgV. Ë`m§À`mgmR>r nmÊ`mMm Vm§ã`m AmUbm {H$ Ë`m§À`mVrb H$mhr OU nmUr {nV ZgV. Ë`mZ§Va Ambobm Mhm KoÊ`mMohr Q>miV AgV. _mPo dS>rbnU bJoM Ë`m§Zm 'g_OyZ' KoD$Z MhmnmÊ`mMm AmJ«h H$aV ZgV. ''~mhoê$Z nadmg H$ê$Z Amboë`m nmìhÝ`mZo nmÝ`mbm, Àhmbm Zmhr åhÝb§ Va CJmM AmJah H$am`Mm ZñVmo. AmnwZ C_OyZ ¿`md§ {H$ hr _mÝg§ _amR>§ AgVrb. Ë`mÝZm Amßë`m hmVM§ MmbV ZñV§,"" Aer ~mB©Mr _J AmVë`m ImobrVbr EH$ g„mdOm {Q>nÊUr Agm`Mr.

AmOmoiÀ`m Ë`m dmñVì`mV _bm n{hë`m§XmM X{bV g_mOmVyZ {¼ñVr Pmboë`m g_mOmÀ`m A§Va§JmMr Am{U gm_m{OH$ nmíd©^y_rMr nwgQ>er OmUrd Pmbr. AmOmoiMr Vr daÀ`m OmVtVrb _mUgo KamV Ambr {H$ Ë`m§Mr dmJUyH$ Amåhm Y_m©§V[aV {¼ñVr g_mOmbm Am_Mr Iar AmoiI Am{U g_mOmVrb Am_Mr OmJm XmIdyZ XoV Ago. Xa a{ddmar XodimV AmnU b°Q>rZ ^mfoV {_ñgm Am{U àmW©Zm H$aV Agbmo Var AmnU H$mhr `wamo{n`Z Zmhr Am{U AmnU g_OVmo {VVH$m Amnbm {¼ñVr g_mO 'nwT>o Jobobm' Zmhr `mMr OmUrdhr Voìhm _bm n{hë`m§Xm Pmbr.

g§X^©:

1) \$mXa \«$mpÝgg _m°Oo (E_EgE\$Eg), eo\$S>©g \$m°a ¼mB©ñQ>- A ñQ>moar Am°\$ X H°$Wmo{bH$ MM© BZ g|Q´>b B§{S>`m- (1907-1960); Am`Am`Eg npãbHo$eÝg, B§{S>`Z BpñQ>Q>çwQ> Am°\$ pñn[aÀ`wA[a{bQ>r, 80, âbrQ> ñQ´>rQ>, amOmOrZJa, ~|Jbmoa, 560 010 (1990) (nmZ 75); Am{U ^m. A. nbKS>_b, 'g§J_Zoa Y_©J«m_mbm 75 df} nyU© hmoVmV', ' {Zamoß`m' _m{gH$ , Am°JñQ> 1967, (nmZ 114)

2) S>m°. e§H$aamd IamV, '_hmamï´>mVrb _hmam§Mm B{Vhmg - OmVrMr CËnÎmr d {dH$mgmMm B{Vhmg,' `ed§Vamd MìhmU g_mOemó g§emoYZ H|$Ð Am{U ^maVr {dÚmnrR> nwUo, B§Ðm`Ur gm{hË`, 273, e{Zdma noR>, nwUo 411 030 (2003); (nmZ 57 Am{U 58)

(nyd©à{gÜXr-'gwJmdm' _m{gH$, OyZ 2007) 

Eternal rest for Fr Gurien Jacquier

KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m (Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ

22) Om{H$`a~mdm§Zm {Ma{dlm§Vr

dmT>Ë`m d`mo_mZm_wio \$mXa Om{H$`a~mdm§Zm nydugmaIo qhS>Uo AeŠ` Pmbo. {_eZH$m`m©{df`r Ë`m§Mm CËgmh H$m`_ am{hbm hmoVm Var WH$bobo eara Ë`m§À`m `m gigiË`m CËgmhmbm gmW XoÊ`mg AmVm ZH$ma XoV hmoVo. 1935 À`m Owb¡V KmoJaJmdmV Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo gmhmæ`H$ åhUyZ \$mXa AmPm[aAg {S>_obmo `m§Mr Zo_UyH$ Pmbr. d¥ÕËdmH$S>o PwH$boë`m Om{H$`a~m~m§H$Sy>Z ào{fVH$m`mªMo YS>o {eH$V \$mXa {S>_obmo `m§Zr Z§Va KmoJaJmd {_eZH$m_mMr gyÌo Amnë`m hmVmV KoVbr. 1944 _Ü`o Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr {_eZH$m_mVyZ {Zd¥Îmr ñdrH$mabr. _mÌ Ë`mZ§Vahr Ë`m§Zr \$mÝg `m Amnë`m _mV¥^y_rH$S>o Ymd KoVbr Zmhr dm ZmJnya `m Ë`m§À`m Y_©àm§VmÀ`m _w»` ehamV {dlm§VrgmR>r Vo Jobo Zmhr. Amnbr H$_©^y_r Agboë`m KmoJaJmd `m N>moQ>çmem IoS>oJmdmVM Ë`m§Zr Amnbo AIoaMo {Xdg Kmb{dUo ng§V Ho$bo.

Amnbm A§V Odi Ambm ho Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr AmoiIbo Voìhm Ë`m§Mo _Z H¥$VmW© hmoVo. Amnë`m ào{fVH$m`m©~m~VrV Vo {ZpíMVM g_mYmZr hmoVo. gZ 1947 gmbr KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmÀ`m hÔrVrb Jmdm§Vrb H°$Wmo{bH$m§Mr g§»`m 6 hOma 700 hmoVr Va ~moaga {_eZ H|$ÐmV 4 hOma 500 OUm§Zm ~m{áñ_m XoÊ`mV Ambm hmoVm. gÎmmdÞ dfmªÀ`m {_eZH$m`mªV Ë`m§Zr eoH$S>mo bmoH$m§Zm {¼ñVr Y_m©V AmUbo hmoVo. eoH$S>mo ~mbH$m§da n{dÌ nmUr qenSy>Z Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§Mm ~m{áñ_m Ho$bm hmoVm. Ë`mn¡H$s AZoH$ Vê$U-VéUtMr Am{U Z§Va Ë`m§À`mhr _wbm-_wbtMr XodimV b½Zo bmdÊ`mMm `moJhr Ë`m§Zm bm^bm. XmoZ-VrZ {nT>çm§Vrb bmoH$m§Mm Ago ñZmZg§ñH$ma H$aÊ`mMm `moJ Hw$Um Y_©Jwê$À`m Am`wî`mV ghgm `oV Zmhr. H$maU nmMghm qH$dm Xhm dfmªZ§Va Ë`m§Mr doJdoJù`m {_eZ H|$ÐmV ~Xbr hmoV AgVoM. ZmJnya Y_©àm§VmVrb BVa gd© Y_©Jwê§$À`mhr gmVË`mZo doJdoJù`m {_eZ H|$ÐmV ~Xë`m hmoV AgV. _mÌ `m H$mimV {~en Agboë`m Ë`m§À`m Hw$Urhr Y_m©{YH$mè`m§Zr amhmVm `oWrb H$mhr dfm©§Mm AndmX dJiVm Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm KmoJaJmdmVyZ XwgarH$S>o hb{dbo Zmhr, ho {deof åhUmdo bmJob. Amnë`m XrKm©`wî`mVrb Mma XeH$m§hÿZ A{YH$ H$mi Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr KmoJaJmdmVM {_eZar åhUyZ H$m_ Ho$bo hmoVo. Ë`m_wio AmnU bmdbobr AZoH$ amonQ>o _hmd¥jo Pmbobr nmhÊ`mMo ^m½` `m _hmËå`mbm bm^bo.

gZ 1947 À`m \o$~«wdmarÀ`m AIoarg Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm Aeº$nUm_wio {¼ñVamOm _§{XamV n{dÌ {_ñgm gmOar H$aUo AeŠ` Pmbo. _mM©AIoarg Ë`m§Mo {b{hUo Am{U {\$aUogwÜXm ~§X Pmbo, Amnë`m Imobr~mhoa nS>Uo Ë`m§Zm AeŠ` Pmbo. Ë`mdfu BñQ>a gUmÀ`m {Xder Ë`m§Zr AmOmar ì`º$s¨gmR>r, _¥Ë`weæ`oda Agboë`m ì`º$s§gmR>r {Xë`m OmUmè`m A§Ë`ä`§J åhUOo eodQ>À`m ñZmZg§ñH$mamMr _mJUr Ho$br. nmñH$m qH$dm BñQ>a gUm{Z{_Îm AmgnmgÀ`m IoS>çm§VyZ KmoJaJmdmV Amboë`m bmoH$m§Mm Ë`m§Zr H$m`_Mm {Zamon KoVbm. Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo ho ~hþYm eodQ>MoM Xe©Z `mMr OmUrd Ë`mn¡H$s AZoH$ bmoH$m§Zm Pmbrhr Agob. Ë`mZ§Va OdiOdi XmoZ _{hÝ`m§Z§Va åhUOo 20 _o 1947 amoOr Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {ZYZ Pmbo.

Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {Zdm©U Pmbo Voìhm _mPo AmB©-d{S>b KmoJaJmdmVM hmoVo. _mÂ`m AmB©À`m YmH$Q>çm ~{hUrÀ`m åhUOo AZwg`m_mderÀ`m Am{U H$m{eZmWH$mH$m ^mboamd `m§À`m b½Zm{Z{_Îm Vo _mÂ`m AmOmoimg Ambo hmoVo. Ë`mH$mimV b½Zg_ma§^ Mma-nmM {Xdg MmbV Ago. n{hë`m {Xder hiX bmdÊ`mMm H$m`©H«$_ Ago. Ë`mZ§Va JS>m§JUoamgmR>r ^mdr dYy Am{U da ZmVodmB©H$m§H$S>o Am{U eoOmamnmOmè`m§H$S>o eod`m ImÊ`mgmR>r Amnë`m bdmOå`mgh {\$aV Ago. _mderMo b½Z bmJë`mZ§Va Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {ZYZ Pmbo. Ë`m_wio Ë`m{Xder hmoUmam Hw$§H$dmMm qH$dm \$i ^aÊ`mMm b½Zg_ma§^mMm eodQ>Mm H$m`©H«$_ aÔ H$aÊ`mV Ambm hmoVm, ho _r _mÂ`m AmB©-d{S>bm§H$Sy>Z AZoH$Xm EoH$bo Amho. b¾g_ma§^mgmR>r JmdmoJmdm§hÿZ Ambobr nmhþUo_§S>ir _J Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m A§Ë`g§ñH$mamÀ`m {dYrV gh^mJr Pmbr. {¼ñVamOm Xodimnmer, XodimVrb doXrÀ`m g_m§Va ~mOybm Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm {Ma{ZÐm XoÊ`mV Ambr. KmoJaJmd n[agamVrb AZoH$ {¼ñVr, AmOy~mOyÀ`m JmdMr nmQ>rb_§S>ir Am{U BVa {~Ja{¼ñVr bmoH$ _moR>çm g§»`oZo A§Ë``mÌog hOa hmoVo. Ago åhUVmV H$s Om{H$`a~m~m AË`dñW Agë`m_wio JmoXmdarÀ`m nbrH$S>rb Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb haoJmd `m `oeyg§Kr` {_eZ H|$ÐmVyZ Ë`m§À`m X\$Z{dYrgmR>r ednoQ>r Ë`m§À`m {ZYZmAmYrM KmoJaJmdmV AmUyZ R>odÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr.

Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m {Zdm©UmZ§Va MmaM _{hÝ`mZ§Va KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmVrb XmoZ VéUm§Zr Y_©Jwê$ åhUyZ {Xjm ñdrH$mabr. \$mXa Omogo\$ ~ZgmoS>o Am{U \$mXa \$mpÝgg Po{d`a Jm`H$dmS> `m§Mm Jwé{Xjm{dYr ZmJnyamV 29 gßQ>|~a 1947 amoOr nma nS>bm. Ë`mAmYr XrS> _{hZo AmYr ^maVmbm ñdmV§Í` {_imbo hmoVo Am{U _amR>dmS>çmV ào{fV H$m`© H$aÊ`mgmR>r n{hë`m§XmM ho XmoZ ^y{_nwÌ nwT>o Ambo hmoVo. KmoJaJmd {_eZmVrb n{hë`m ñWm{ZH$ Vê$Um§À`m Jwê${XjoMm g{dñVa d¥Îmm§V Ë`mdoir '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$mZo à{gÜX Ho$bm hmoVm.

gZ 1997bm \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m nÞmgmì`m nwÊ`{VWr{Z{_Îm `m _hmËå`mÀ`m H$~arda Ë`m§Mm nyUm©H¥$Vr nwVim C^maÊ`mV Ambm. Ë`m§À`m Am{U \$mXa _moÝVoamo§À`m g_mYrda N>V C^maÊ`mV Ambo, AmOy~mOy§Zr bmoI§S>r JOm§Mo ~m§YH$m_ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. Om{H$`a~m~m dmnaV Agbobr KmoS>mJmS>rhr `m ñ_maH$mV R>odÊ`mV Ambr Amho. `m n[agamVrb H$moUVrhr ì`º$s KmoJaJmd `m VrW©joÌr Ambr Va `m ñ_maH$mbm AmdOy©Z ^oQ> XoVo. VoWo jU^a ñVãY amhÿZ H«w$gmMr IyU H$ê$Z Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm AmXam§Obr dmhVoM. Ë`m{Z{_Îm \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo EH$ V¡b{MÌ N>mnÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. `m n[agamVrb AZoH$ {¼ñVr Kam§V hm a§JrV \$moQ>mo q^Vrda bmdbobm Amho ho _r nm{hbo Amho. `mMdfu eoOmaÀ`m dmhoJmdmVrb XodimÀ`m n[agamVhr Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m AYm©H¥$Vr nwVù`mMo AZmdaU H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo.

Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb bmoH$m§_Ü`o Om{H$`a~m~m§~Ôb AZoH$ Am»`m{`H$m àM{bV AmhoV. ho Y_©Jwê$ JmdmoJmdÀ`m ^oQ>rda OmV AgV, Ë`mdoir amÌr PmonÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm Imobr Zgm`Mr. Ë`mdoir JmdmVrb bmoH$m§Zm Amnë`m_wio Hw$R>bmhr Ìmg hmoD$ Z`o åhUyZ Vo ñ_emZmV _w¸$m_ H$aV AgV, Ago OwZo AZoH$ bmoH$ gm§JV AgVmV.

KmoJaJmdMo Y_©Jwê$ \$mXa ñQ>r\$Z Aë_oS>m {¼ñVamOm _§{Xa n°[aeÀ`m ' {M§VZ' `m _wInÌmV nwT>rb AmdmhZ Ho$bo hmoVo: ''gH$b {¼ñVr ~m§Ydm§Zm {dZ§Vr H$aÊ`mV `oVo H$s _mirKmoJaJmd n°[ae_YyZ \$m. Om{H$`a~m~m `m§À`m OrdZmda nwñVH$ àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mMm Am_Mm _mZg Amho. `mgmR>r Á`m§À`m OrdZmV \$m. Om{H$`a `m§À`m _Ü`ñWrZo H$mhr M_ËH$ma KS>bo Amho, Zdg nyU© Pmbo Amho qH$dm AmOma ~ao Pmbo Amho, Ë`mMr gmj boIr ñdê$nmV qH$dm àË`j `oD$Z _m{hVr H$WZ H$amdr VgoM Om{H$`a \$mXam§À`m OrdZmVrb H$mhr KQ>Zm, àg§J AmnUmg _mhrV Agë`mg g§X^m©gh g§nmXH$mg H$idmdo.''

`m AmdmhZmg à{VgmX åhUyZ H$mhr ì`º$s§Zr Amnbo AZw^d gm§{JVbo. `mn¡H$s _w§~B©Vrb A§Yoar `oWrb Eg. E_. nmaIo `m§Mm nwT>rb boI 'qMVZ' _m{gH$mÀ`m E{àb 2004À`m A§H$mV à{gÜX Pmbm hmoVm:

^{dî`dmUr

nnm gm§JV AgV _mirKmoJaJmd `oWrb MM© ~m§YÊ`mMo AWH$ n[al_ \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr Ho$bo. MM©Mm OwZm _Zmoam nmSy>Z Zdm _Zmoam ~m§Ymd`mMm hmoVm. Vmo OwZm _Zmoam EH$m ~«Xam§Zr KUmÀ`m XmoZ Q>moë`m§_Ü`o nmS>bm hmoVm, Zdm C§M _Zmoam ~m§YyZ Ë`mda AdmT>ì` ~ob (K§Q>m) MT>dm`Mr hmoVr. Vr AdmT>ì` K§Q>m \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr EH$Q>çmZo da MT>{dbr hmoVr. Vr da MT>{dV AgVmZm Ë`m§Zm Iyn Ìmg Pmbm. Vo Iyn AmOmar nS>bo åhUyZ BÀN>m ZgVmZm Ë`m§Zm _m`Xoer naV Omdo bmJbo. VoWo AmVS>çmMo Am°naoeZ `eñdr Pmë`mZ§Va nyU© ~ao hmoD$Z Vo _mirKmoJaJmd `oWo naV Ambo. naXoemVyZ naV `oVmZm Ë`m§Zr EH$ J«m_mo\$moZ AmUbm hmoVm. Ë`mdarb JmUo EoH$m`bm JmdmVrb gd© bhmZWmoa _§S>ir O_m hmoV AgV. \$mXa KmoS>çmdê$Z amoO JmdmV \o$a\$Q>H$m _marV. Aem ~è`mMem AmR>dUr nnm Amåhmbm gm§JV AgV. na§Vw `m gdm©hÿZ doJir d gX¡d bjmV am{hbobr AmR>dU Ë`m§Zr Ho$bobr ^{dî`dmUr.

_mPo nnm _mirKmoJaJmd `oWo {eH$bo d Ë`m§À`m ghdmgmV ~aoM {Xdg hmoVo. \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m {eH$dUrMm _wbm§da ~amM à^md nS>V Ago. Ë`m_wioM EH$ {Xdg gm`§H$mir Mma _wbo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ê$_da Jobr d Ë`m§Zr Y_©Jwê$ hmoD$Z XodmMr godm H$aÊ`mMr BÀN>m àJQ> Ho$br. Ë`mda \$mXam§Zr Ho$di Ë`m§À`mH$S>o nmhÿZ pñ_V Ho$bo. Xwgè`m {Xder \$mXa dJm©V Jobo. gd© _wbm§Zr CRy>Z \$mXam§Zm A{^dmXZ Ho$bo. Z§Va \$mXa J§^ra AmdmOmV ~moby bmJbo. ''_wbm§Zmo, Vw_À`mVrb Mma _wbo Y_©Jwê$ hmoD$ BÀN>rV AmhoV.'' Z§Va Ë`m§Zr Mmahr _wbm§Zm C^o amhÊ`mg gm§{JVbo d àË`oH$mH$S>o diyZ åhUmbo, ''JmoqdX, Vy \$mXa hmoUma Zmhrg d b¾gwÜXm H$aUma Zmhrg. WmoamV, Vy {ddmh H$ê$Z gwIr g§gma H$aerb. AmZ§X (_mPo nnm), VwPo XmoZ {ddmh hmoVrb d ~ZgmoS>o, Vy \$mXa hmoerb.'' Am{U _moR>onUr Mm¡Km§À`mhr ~m~VrV \$mXam§Zr Ho$bobr ^{dî`dmUr V§VmoV§V Iar R>abr Amho.''

H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©g§ñWoZo Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm g§V åhUyZ _mÝ`Vm {Xbobr Zmhr. _Xa Voaogm§À`m g§VnXmMm ~hþ_mZ XoÊ`mMr à{H$`m h„r Mmby Amho. g§VnUmMm hm ~hþ_mZ \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Zmhr XoÊ`mV `mdm Aer _mJUrhr Hw$Ur Ho$bobr Zmhr. BWë`m J«m_rU n[agamVrb bmoH$m§Zm Aem Am¡nMm[aH$ à{H«$`oMr Iao nm{hbo Va _m{hVrhr Zmhr qH$dm JaOhr ^mgV Zmhr. Jobr AZoH$ df} Amnë`m dmS>d{S>bm§H$Sy>Z Am{U BVam§H$Sy>Z ho bmoH$ Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m H$m_m{df`r, _hmZVog§~Yr AZoH$ H$Wm, X§VH$Wm EoH$V Ambo AmhoV. `m n[agamVrb bmoH$m§Zr Va KmoJaJmdÀ`m `m ào{fVmbm Ë`m§À`m h`mVrVM g§VnX ~hmb Ho$bo hmoVo.

Fr Jacquierbaba in his old age

KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m (Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ

18) CVmad`mVrb {_eZ H$m`©

\$mXa Om{H$`a \$mÝghÿZ qhXwñWmZmV naVë`mZ§Va E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoÀ`m A{YH$mè`m§Zr Ë`m§Mr nwÝhm EH$Xm KmoJaJmdmV Zo_UyH$ Ho$br. gZ 1929 À`m \o$~«wdmarV Amnë`m KmoJaJmdr Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr 'nwZ:íM har Amo_' åhUV _moR>çm CËgmhmZo Amnbo {_eZ H$m`© gwê$ Ho$bo. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§À`m Am`wî`mÀ`m AIoan`ªV Ë`m§À`m g§ñWoÀ`m A{YH$mè`m§Zr Ë`m§Mr BVaÌ Hw$R>ohr ~Xbr Ho$br Zmhr. Omon`©§V Ë`m§À`m earamZo Ë`m§Zm gmW {Xbr Vmon`ªV Om{H$`a~m~m H$ï> H$aV amhrbo. KmoJaJmdmV Ë`m§Zr amodboë`m ~rOmMo amonQ>çmV Am{U Z§Va dQ>d¥jmV ê$nm§Va Pmë`mMo nmhÊ`mMo ^m½` Ë`m§Zm bm^bo. `m dQ>d¥jmMm ngmam Ë`m§À`m h`mVrV KmoJaJmd, dmhoJmd, J§Jmnya, ~moaga, H$ÞS>, d¡Omnya Am{U bmohJmd-{~S>H$sZ dJ¡ao n[agamn`ªV ngabm hmoVm.

gZ 1931 _Ü`o \$mXa nrQ>a E_ \$ZmªS>rg ho Zì`mZoM {Xjm ñdrH$mabobo Y_©Jwê$ \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo ghm`H$ åhUyZ éOy Pmbo. am\$m`b ZmWy {eZJmao `m KmoJaJmdmVrb Am{U _amR>dmS>çmVrb n{hë`m H°$Wmo{bH$ ì`º$sMo 12 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1931 amoOr {ZYZ Pmbo. Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb diU JmdMo OmdB© Agboë`m am\$m`b `m§À`mM nwT>mH$mam_wio diU `oWo ê$Oboë`m {¼ñVr Y_m©À`m amonQ>çmMo ~rO _amR>dmS>çmV AmUÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m_wioM {ZOm_ amOdQ>rVrb _amR>dmS>çmVrb n{hbo H°$Wmo{bH$ {_eZ H|$Ð KmoJaJmdmV 1892 _Ü`o gwê$ Pmbo hmoVo. Ë`mZ§Va KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmVrb _w»` H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> åhUyZ \$mXa Om{H$`a Am{U BVa Y_©Jwê$§À`m hmVmImbr Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ df} H$m_ Ho$bo hmoVo.

nwÊ`mMo AmM©{~en hoZ«r S>mo[a¨J `m§Zr 8 OmZodmar 1933 amoOr KmoJaJmdbm ^oQ> {Xbr. ZmJnyaMo {~en H$m°nob AmOmar Agë`mZo ÑT>rH$aU gm§H«$m_|V XoÊ`mgmR>r nwÊ`mÀ`m AmM©{~enm§Zm ~mobmdÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. JmdmÀ`m doernmerM AmM©{~en S>mo[a¨J `m§Mo \$mXa \$m°aob, \$mXa Á`mo \$ZmªS>rg, H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> emioÀ`m à{ejUmWvZr Am{U O_boë`m {¼íMZm§Zr CËgmhmZo ñdmJV Ho$bo. Ë`m g§Ü`mH$mir {~enm§À`m CnpñWVrV _amR>r ZmQ>H$ gmXa H$aÊ`mV Ambo. nwÊ`mVrb 'ñZohgXZ' `oWyZ `oeyg§Kr`m§V\}$ AmOhr à{gÜX hmoUmè`m '{Zamoß`m' `m _amR>r _m{gH$mMo AmM©{~en ho g§ñWmnH$-g§nmXH$. ho _m{gH$ Ë`m§Zr 1903 À`m E{àb _{hÝ`mV amhþarOdirb H|$Xi-diU `oWo gwê$ Ho$bo hmoVo. diU `oWo 12 df} {_eZ H$m`© Ho$boë`m AmM©{~en S>mo[a¨J `m§Mo _amR>r ^mfoda Mm§JboM à^wËd hmoVo.<sup>1</sup> Xwgè`m {Xder gH$mir Pmboë`m _moR>çm {_ñgoV 200 ì`º$s¨Zm ÑT>rH$aU gm§H«$m_}Îm XoÊ`mV Ambo. Z§Va 10 OmZodmarbm ~moaga `oWo OmD$Z AmM©{~enm§Zr 180 OUm§Zm ÔT>rH$aU {Xbo. Ë`mdoir 74 df} d` Agbobo AmM©{~en S>mo[a¨J Voìhmhr Mm§JboM g{H«$` hmoVo.

\$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr gZ 1933 AmUIr VrZ Jmdm§V {_eZ H$m`© gwê$ H$obo. Vmon`ªV KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmÀ`m AIË`m[aV 60 Jmdm§Mm g_mdoe Pmbm hmoVm. `m Jmdm§Vrb bmoH$m§Mr AmÜ`mpË_H$ Am{U e¡j{UH$ O~m~Xmar 21 _mñVa Am{U ghm H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> gm§^miV hmoVo.

H$m°bè`mÀ`m gmWr_wio 1933 gmbr \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm KmoJaJmdmVrb H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> emim H$mhr _{hZo ~§X H$aUo ^mJ nS>bo. KmoJaJmd Am{U ~moaga `oWrb H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> emim Ë`m H$mimVrb `m n[agamVrb CÀM {ejUmMr H|$Ðo hmoVr Ago {XgVo. AmOy~mOyÀ`m JmdmVrb hþema _wbm§Zr `m emim§V {eH$mdo Aer nmbH$m§Mr Anojm Ago. 1933 À`m _o _{hÝ`mV \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Amnë`m {_eZ H|$ÐmVrb 1015 do b½Z bmdbo Ago Ë`m§Zr ñdV: {bhÿZ R>odbo Amho. ñWm{ZH$ _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb n{hbo Y_©Jwê$ \$mXa Omogo\$ _m|Voamo Am{U ~«Xa n°{Q´>H$ Vm`S>o Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m _XVrbm hmoVo.

gZ 1935 gmbr \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr {b{hbo : ''28 Am°ŠQ>mo~a Vo 2 Zmoìh|~a `m H$mimV KmoJaJmdmV Vn Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Ambo. {_eZmVrb H°$Q>o{H$ñQ>, Ë`m§À`m nËZr, H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> emioMo [dÚmWu Am{U BVa {¼íMZm§Zr VnmV ^mJ KoVbm. `mdoir 300 OUm§Zr n{dÌ H$å`w{Z`Z ñdrH$mabo. {¼ñVamOm _§{XamV AmVm g|Q> [\$bmo{_Zm Am{U ~mi `oeyMr g§V VoaoOm `m§Mo nwVio C^maÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV. Vn Mmby AgVmZm OmoaXma nmdgm_wio XodimÀ`m N>VmVyZ nmÊ`mMr JiVr hmoV hmoVr. Ë`m_wio 335 én`o IM© H$ê$Z _bm qPH$ nÍ`m§Mo N>V C^mamdo bmJbo. {~enm§Mr {VOmoar AmVm nyU© [aH$m_r Pmbr Amho Am{U _bm Va n¡em§Mr IynM JaO Amho.''

Am°JñQ> 1936 _Ü`o Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr {b{hbo Amho : nmdgmMr AOyZhr H$mhr {MÝho {XgV ZmhrV. nmD$g Zmhr Va {nHo$hr ZmhrV. {H$VrVar Hw$Qw>§~m§Zr XwgarH$S>o ñWbm§Va H$aÊ`mAmYr _mPr ^oQ> KoD$Z Amerdm©X KoVbm Amho. amoOJmamgmR>r Jmd gmoS>VmZm Amnbr _wbo~mio ^wHo$_wio _ê$ Z`oV åhUyZ `m _wbm§Zm _r Amnë`m ~mo{S>ªJ_Ü`o R>odmdo Aer Vo _bm {dZ§Vr H$aVmV. Ë`m§Mr hr {dZ§Vr YwS>H$mdyZ bmdUo _bm Va eŠ`M Zmhr. nU Ë`m_wio _mÂ`m X¡Z§{XZ IMm©V àM§S> dmT> hmoUma Amho. Am_À`m eoVmMr AË`§V dmB©Q> AdñWm Pmbr Amho. `mdfu nmdgmA^mdr Amåhm§bm noaUr H$aUogwÕm eŠ` Pmbo Zmhr. gZ 1936 _Ü`o KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmV 448 ~m{áñ_o H$aÊ`mV Ambo Am{U 94 b½Zo bmdÊ`mV Ambr. Am_À`m `oWrb ñQ>m\$_Ü`o VrZ Y_©Jwê$, EH$ ~«Xa, 24 _mñVa Am{U 11 H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> AmhoV.''

gZ 1937 À`m OmZodmarV Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr J§Jmnya JmdmV 125 OUm§Zm ~m{áñ_m ñZmZg§ñH$ma {Xbm. J§Jmnya `oWo 200 én`o IM©yZ M°nob ~m§YÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm BamXm hmoVm.

Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr {_eZ H$m`© gwê$ H$ê$Z nmM XeH$m§Mm H$mbmdYr Amobm§S>bm hmoVm. AmVm Ë`m§Zr d`mMr gÎmar nma Ho$br hmoVr. earamZo Vo WH$V Mmbbo hmoVo Var H$m_ H$aÊ`mMm, Zdo àH$ën Am{U g§H$ën hmVr KoÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm CËgmh _mÌ AOyZhr H$m`_ hmoVm. gÎmar Amobm§S>ë`mZ§Va 1938 gmbr Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr {b{hbo hmoVo: ''KmoJaJmd {_eZmÀ`m nyd© ^mJmÀ`m AmR> {Xdgm§À`m Xm¡è`mdéZ _r ZwH$VmM naVbmo Amho. gwaio Am{U nwaUJmd `oWo _r nwÝhm EH$Xm emim gwê$ Ho$ë`m AmhoV. `m XmoÝhr Jmdm§V H°$Wmo{bH$m§Mr g§»`m àË`oH$s nÞmg Amho. Jobr drg df} `m XmoÝhr Jmdm§Vrb emim ~§X nS>ë`m hmoË`m. AbrH$S>À`m H$mimV _oW{S>ñQ> {_eZatZr VoWo `oD$Z emim gwê$ H$aÊ`mMo AmídmgZ {Xbo hmoVo. Ë`m{edm` EH$ S>PZmda _wbm§Mm Vo ~m{áñ_mhr H$aUma hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m `m hmbMmbtMr bmoH$m§Zr _bm AJXr doioV H$ënZm {Xbr Am{U {_eZmnmgyZ Xwamdboë`m `m bmoH$m§Zm nwÝhm Amnë`m H$inmV amIÊ`mgmR>r _r YmdyZ Jobmo. gwaio `oWo _r 19 OUm§Zm ~m{áñ_m {Xbm. emioÀ`m _mñVam§gmR>r XmoZ Imoë`m ~m§YÊ`mgmR>r 100 én`o XoÊ`mMo {~enm§Zr _bm AmídmgZ {Xbo Amho. _mÌ `m _mñVam§À`m _m{gH$ nJmamgmR>r AmVm _bm {ZYr C^mamdm bmJUma Amho.''

Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo H$m`© Ho$di AmÜ`mpË_H$ joÌmnwaVo _`m©{XV ZìhVo. ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimV J«m_rU ^mJmVrb bmoH$m§À`m OrdZe¡brV gwYmaUm ìhmdr, Ë`m§À`m gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$ Am{U e¡j{UH$ {ñWVrMm XOm© C§Mmdm `mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ nmdbo CMbbr. Amnë`m {_eZ H|$ÐmÀ`m hÔrVrb AZoH$ Jmd§mV emim CKSy>Z Ë`m§Zr VoWrb {¼ñVr Am{U {~Ja{¼ñVr bmoH$m§Zm àJVrMr Xmao Iwbr H$ê$Z {Xbr. gmdH$mar_wio IoSy>Vm§Mr Am{W©H$ pñWVr ~a~mX hmoVo ho AmoiIyZ Ë`m§Zr bmoH$m§Zm gmdH$mamÀ`m nmemnmgyZ Xya R>odÊ`mgmR>r H$mhr Cnm` Ho$bo. `oeyg§Kr` Y_©Jwê§$V\}$ Mmb{dë`m OmUmè`m '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$mÀ`m 1940 À`m Zmoìh|~a A§H$mV à{gÕ Pmbobr nwT>rb ~mV_r à{gÜX Pmbr. hr ~mV_r Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m gm_m{OH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ joÌm§Vrb H$m_{Jar~Õb ~aoM H$mhr g§mJyZ OmVo.

dmhoJmdÀ`m n[afXoVrb R>amd

(KmoJaJmdÀ`m ~mV_rXmamH$Sy>Z)

'' _mJrb A§H$mV '{¼ñVr arV' `m _Wù`mImbr àË`oH$ JmdÀ`m _Zwî`m§Zr Amnbm Jmd H$moUË`mhr n{dÌmÀ`m Aml`mV XoD$Z Ë`màrË`W© gmH«$m_|V| d n.{_ñgm An©U H$ê$Z gU gmOam H$amdm, Aer gyMZm XoÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr. `m Jmoï>rbm AZwgê$Z KmoJaJmd hÔrVrb _m¡Oo dmhoJm§d øm {R>H$mUr Vm. 27 AmJñQ> 1940 Bgdr amoOr n. noÌwgmÀ`m Aml`mg XoD$Z _moR>çm g_ma§^mZo gU H$aÊ`mV Ambm, ho H$i{dÊ`mg _bm AË`mZ§X hmoV Amho.

hm Jmd BVa {¼ñVr Jmdm§nojm n{hë`m àVrMm AgyZ {¼ñVr Y_u Jmdm§V Vmo AJ«JÊ` Amho. bmoH$g§»`m Am{U Ym{_©H$ {ejUàVrÀ`m _mZmZo øm JmdmMr ~amo~ar Xwgè`mÀ`mZo H$adUma Zmhr Ago dmQ>Vo.

øm àg§JmH$[aVm JmdJmdm§Mr à_wI _§S>ir H$_r OmñV gw_mamZo 900, 1,000 O_br hmoVr. _m§Oar, ~JS>r, Om§~Jmd, am§OUJmd, A_iZoa, ^|S>mim, daIoS>, KmoJaJmd, _hmbJmd, qnniJmd, ZodaJmd, M§oSy>\$i, H$m`Jmd, J§Jmnya, KmUoJmd dJ¡ao dJ¡ao. gXa àg§Jr {¼ñVr n[afX ^a{dÊ`mV Ambr d øm n[afXoV Imbrb R>amd ~hþ_VmZo g§_V H$aÊ`mV Ambo.

VmbwH$m J§Jmnya Am{U VmbwH$m {dOmnya `mVrb àË`oH$ _m¡Á`mVrb _§S>irZo XmoZ én`on`ªV dJ©Ur H$amdr d Vr ao. ao. Or. Om{H$`a nmÐrgmho~ `m§À`m ñdmYrZ H$amdr. Ë`m gm§Mboë`m {ZYrVyZ Jar~ {dÚmÏ`mªZm _XV H$aÊ`mV `mdr. {edm` Or Jar~ _mUgo gmdH$mam§H$Sy>Z gdmB© {XT>rÀ`m ì`mOmZo H$O© H$mT>VmV, Ë`m§Zm `m n¡emVyZ Aën ì`mOmda EodO nmhÿZ H$O© {Xbo OmB©b. Z§Va n[afX {dgO©Z nmdbr. WmoS>çmM doimZo _§S>irbm OodUmg ~g{dbo. nmaIo _§S>irZo OodUmMr ì`dñWm Ho$br. \$maM CÎm_ àH$mao Ho$br. OodUImdU AmQ>monë`mda VoWrb JmdÀ`m VéUm§Zr _§S>itÀ`m H$a_UwH$sH$aVm '_moem g§{JV ZmQ>H$ OÝ_mnmgyZ Vo BñÌmEbm§Mr gwQ>H$m' `oWn`ªV H$ê$Z AmnUgwÕm g¡VmZmÀ`m Xmñ`mVyZ _wº$ ìhmdo Ago {eH${dbo. Z§Va amÌr 10/11 À`m gw_mamg JmdJmdÀ`m {¼ñVr _§S>irZo nmirnmirà_mUo {¼ñVr ^OZo åhUÊ`mg gwê$dmV Ho$br. Vr ^OZo _§S>irbm \ ma AmdS>br. ^OZo n. _mar`mMo J^©YmaU, {¼ñVmMm OÝ_, _aU, nwZéËWmZ, àm`píMÎm d {¼ñVeara gmH«$m_|Vo `m {df`mda hmoVr.

Xwgè`m {Xder n.{_ñgm EoHy$Z _§S>ir JmdmoJmd nm§Jbr. '' ²

g§X^© :

1) H$m{_b nmaIo, '{¼ñVr {_eZè`m§Mo `moJXmZ', àH$meH$, gw{ZVr àH$meZ, {dVaH$: gwJmdm àH$meZ, gXm{ed noR>, nwUo-30 (2003), ('{Zamoß`m'H$ma AmM©{~en hoZ«r S>mo[a¨J', nmZo 116 Vo 123)

2) '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, Zmoìh|~a 1940 ( nmZo 113 Am{U 114)

Personality of Fr Gurien Jacquier

KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m

(Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ

6) Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo ì`{º$‘Îd

’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mr {eS>uOdirb amhmVm `oWo H$mhr H$mi ~Xbr Pmbr hmoVr. nwUo Y‘©àm§VmMo Z§Va {ìhH$a OZab Pmbobo ‘mopÝgZmoa ao{OZmëS> JmoÝgmbdrg ho Ë`mH$mimV amhmË`mbm ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo ghm`H$ hmoVo. JmoÝgmbdrg `m§Zr ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo ì`{º$‘Îd Am[U Ë`m§Mr H$m`©e¡br `m{df`r {b{hbo Amho. `m ‘hmZ {‘eZarMo {MÌ Ë`m§Zr nwT>rb eãXm§V aoImQ>bo Amho.

°’$mXa Jw[aEZ Om{H$`a ho ^anya C§M Am{U ~iH$Q> hmoVo. Ë`m§Mr XmT>r ’$ma H§$~aon`ªV hmoVr Am{U XmQ> ^wd`m§Imbr ^oXH$ S>moio hmoVo. Hw$R>ë`mhr àH$maMo H$ï> Vo gmogV AgV. H$R>rU n[apñWVrer Vo gm‘Zm H$aV AgV. IS>~S>rV, YwirÀ`m añË`m§dê$Z Amnë`m Q>m§½`mVyZ Vo {XdgmVyZ 30 ‘¡b àdmg H$aV AgV, CKS>çmda Hw$R>ohr PmonV AgV Am{U H$mhr H$moaS>çm MnmË`m Am{U eo§JXmÊ`m§da Vo Amnbr ^yH$ ^mJdV AgV. AemàH$maÀ`m Xm¡è`mda Vo {H$VrVar AmR>dS>o AgV Am{U {‘eZ Ho$§Ðmda naVë`mZ§Vahr Vo AJXr VmOoVdmZo Am{U AJXr V§Xwê$ñV AgV. Ë`m§Mm Agm hm {XZH«$‘ Vã~b nÞmg df} Mmby hmoVm! ’$mXa Om{H$`a AË`§V hwema hmoVo, B©ekmZ Am{U H°$Wmo{bH$ Y‘©{Z`‘m§Mm Ë`m§Mm Xm§S>Jm Aä`mg hmoVm. ^maVmV Amë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr B§J«Or Am{U ‘amR>r ^mfm§Mm Aä`mg MmbyM R>odbm hmoVm .Amnë`m Q>o~bmnmer noZ, H$mJX, {S>ŠeZar Am{U ì`mH$aUm§Mr nwñVHo$ KoD$Z Vo Aä`mg H$aV. H°$Wmo{bH$ Y‘©{ejUmÀ`m Aä`mgH«$‘mV Am{U ‘amR>r Jm`Zm§À`m nwñVH$m§V gwYmaUm KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mV Vo VmgZVmg JH©$ AgV. Vo EH$ AË`§V Cƒ XOm©Mo g§JrVH$ma hmoVo. Amnë`m {‘eZH|$ÐmVrb bmoH$m§À`m VrZ-Mma {nT>çm§Zm Ë`m§Zr gmYrgmonr Jm`Zo Am{U g§JrV{‘ñgm {eH${dbr. Vo EH$ à^mdr dºo$ hmoVo. ‘mÌ Ë`m§Mm AmdmO daÀ`m {Q>nobm nmohmoMbm H$s T>Jm§À`m JS>JS>mQ>mMmM ^mg hmoB©. ~wÕr~i, nÎmo Am{U {~{b`S>©g IoiÊ`mV Vo nma§JV hmoVo. {d{dY joÌm§Vrb Ëæmm§À`m `m H$m¡eë`m§‘wio Ë`m§À`m XJXJrÀ`m OrdZmV AË`§V Amdí`H$ AgUmam {da§Jwim {‘iV Ago. Ë`m§À`m `m H$m¡eë`mMm Ë`m§À`m AmgnmgÀ`m bmoH$m§Zmhr ’$m`Xm hmoV Ago.

Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb J§Jmnya Am{U d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`m§Vrb AZoH$ IoSy>V ’$mXa Om{H$`aÀ`m ê$nmZo n{hë`m§XmM EImXr `wamo{n`Z ì`ŠVr nmhmV hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m Ë`m XmQ> ^wd`m, C§Monwao VJS>o eara Am{U XwWS>r ^ê$Z dmhUmè`m JmoXmdarÀ`m nmÊ`mgmaIm JO©Umam Ë`m§Mm Vmo AmdmO Hw$UmÀ`mhr N>mVrV YS>H$s {Z‘m©U H$aUmam hmoVm. ñdV:hÿZ Ë`m§À`mH$S>o OmÊ`mMr Hw$UmMrhr qh‘V ZìhVr. ’$mXa Hw$R>ë`mhr dñVrV {eabo H$s {VWë`m Am`m~m`m Amnë`m S>moŠ`mdaÀ`m nXamZo Moham A{YH$M PmHy$Z KoV Am{U bJ~JrZo PmonS>çm§V {eaV. bhmZ ‘wbo~mio Km~ê$Z qH$MmiV, aS>V Xya niV OmV. nmamda nÎ`m§Mm S>md IoiV Agbobr nwê$f‘§S>ir KmB©KmB©Zo nÎmo bn{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aV. ‘mÌ Vmon`ªV Iyn Cera Pmbobm Ago. ’$mXam§À`m ZOaoVyZ Ë`m§Mm nÎ`m§Mm S>md {ZgQ>bobm ZgVmo. Amnë`m bm§~ T>m§H$m Q>mH$V Vo nmamOdi nmohmoMV Am{U nÎ`m§Mr ‘mJUr H$aV. Z§Va {VWë`mM EH$m XJS>mda ~gyZ Vo nÎmo {ngm`bm bmJm`Mo. Vmon`ªV ^rS> Monboë`m Ë`m ‘mUgm§H$Sy>Z Vo Ë`m§À`m nË`m§Mm S>md {eHy$Z KoV Am{U Z§Va Ë`m§ZmM Ë`m§À`m Ë`m S>mdm§V hadm`Mo. Amnë`mbm ‘mhrV Agbobo S>mdhr ’$mXa Ë`m Jmddmë`m§Zm {eH$dV AgV. nÎmo A{YH$ g§»`on`ªV H$go ‘moOm`Mo hohr Vo Ë`m {Zaja IoSy>Vm§Zm {eH$dV.

Ë`mZ§Va dfm©Zwdf} ’$mXa Om{H$`a Ë`m Am{U BVa Jmdm§Zm ^oQ> XoV am{hbo. Amnë`m Ë`m Zoho‘rÀ`m XJS>m§da dm nmam§da ~gyZ VoWrb JmdH$è`m§er Vo nÎmo IoiV, g§dmX gmYV. Vmon`ªV nwîH$i Jmdm§V AZoH$ bmoH$ {¼ñVr Pmbobo Agm`Mo. JmdÀ`m nmQ>rb Am{U BVa qhXy bmoH$m§erhr ’$mXam§Mo Mm§Jbo g§~§Y {Z‘m©U Pmbobo Agm`Mo. nwT>À`m H$mimV ’$mXa Om{H$`a Ambo Va VoWrb Am`m~m`m§Zm Km~ê$Z PmonS>rV {eaÊ`mMr JaO ^mgV Zgo. CbQ> Amnë`m bhmZ½`m ‘wbm§Zm KoD$Z Ë`m ’$mXam§Zm ^oQ>m`bm `m`À`m. Vmon`ªV CVmad`mH$S>o PwH$bobo ’$mXa Om{H$`a AmVm gJù`m§Mo Om{H$`a~m~m ~Zbobo AgV. H$mhr ‘wbo Va Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m H$‘aoda éiUmè`m XmT>rerhr Mmim H$aV. H$mhr XeH$m§nydu `mM bhmZ ‘wbm§Mo AmB©dS>rb Am{U H$Xm{MV AmOr-AmOmo~mgwÕm ’$mXa Om{H$`abm nmhÿZ bm§~ nimbo hmoVo.''

’$mXa {‘Mob \$m°aob `m§Zr Om{H$`a~m~m§{df`r gZ 1909 ‘Ü`o {bhrbo hmoVo. ""Jobr nmM df} ‘mPo Jwê$ ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m ‘mJ©Xe©ZmImbr ‘r {‘eZH$m‘mMo YS>o KoVmo Amho. `oWrb Am‘Mo gd© {¼ñVr bmoH$ ‘hma `m Añn¥í` OmVrMo AmhoV. Amnë`m OwÝ`m gd`r Q>mHy$Z {¼ñVr Y‘m©à‘mUo dmJUo Ë`m§Zm {VVHo$ gmono OmV Zmhr. H$mhr OUm§Mm AndmX gmoS>bm Va ho ~hþVoH$ gd© bmoH$ hiyhiy {¼ñVr àoaUm Am{U OrdZe¡brMm ñdrH$ma H$aVmV. ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm Vo Amnë`m {nË`mg‘mZ ‘mZ XoVmV. `oWrb EHy$U 3900 ~m{áñå`m§n¡H$s 3000 ~m{áñ‘o ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§ZrM Ho$bo AmhoV. `oWrb ‘hmam§Zm ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m{df`r Iyn ^rVr dmQ>Vo Am{U Ë`mM~amo~a Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m{df`r Iyn ào‘hr Amho. ~mhoarb BVam§er ~mobVm§Zm Vo AmXamZo ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m ñd^mdm~Ôb, Ë`m§À`m bm§~bMH$ XmT>r~Ôb Am{U Vo amJmV Agë`mda Ë`m§Mo S>moio {H$Vr ^r{VXm`H$ AgV `m~Ôb gm§JV AgVmV. ’$mXa Om{H$`a ñd^mdmZo IynM Mm§Jbo AmhoV Am{U AS>rAS>MUrÀ`m H$mimV Ë`m§À`m nmR>r‘mJo amhUmar Am{U Ë`m§Zm ‘XV H$aUmar Xwgar BVa Hw$R>brhr ì`º$s Zmhr Ago ho bmoH$ AJXr Iwë`m ‘ZmZo gm§JVmV.""

KmoJaJmdÀ`m {¼ñVamOm ‘§{Xa Y_©J«m_mÀ`m 'qMVZ' `m ‘wInÌmÀ`m E{àb 2004 A§H$mV ~miy Jm`H$dmS> `m§Mr hr H${dVm Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {MÌ S>moù`mnwT>o C^o H$aVo.

H$mir Q>monr bm§~ XmT>r, emo^o Om{H$`a~m~mbm

hmM Iam ‘hmamï´>mV Y‘©Jwê$ n{hbm

d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`mV N>moQ>g§ ho Jmd

Am¡a§Jm~mX Y‘©àm§VmV n{hbo KmoJaJmd

ñ‘emZ^y‘rV amhÿZ ‘mJ© Xmdrbm OZm§Zm

Q>n Q>n KmoS>çm§Mm Q>m§Jm OmB© IoS>çm§da

Ho$bm Y‘m©Mm àMma ào‘ XrZm§da

gË` dmMZ ew^ AmMaU emo^o nm§T>è`m P½`mbm

{ZË` H$ar H«w$g àmW©Zm On‘mi

A{daV H$îQ>m§‘YyZ ~m§{Ybo XoD$i

KUKU K§Q>m dmOo Xmhr {Xem§Zm

hmM Iam ‘hmamï´>mV Y‘©Jwê$ n{hbm

Ghogargaon's Fr Jacquier Preface

KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m

(Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

-------

{~en ES>drZ Hw$bmgmo,

Am¡a§Jm~mX Y‘©àm§V

{~eßg hmD$g,

Am¡a§Jm~mX, 431 002 17 gßQ>|~a 2008

                                                              Om{H$`a~m~m - EH$ AmXe© ì`{º$_Îd

hmS>mMo {‘eZar åhUyZ Á`m§M§ Zmd ‘amR>dmS>çmV Am{U {dX^m©‘Ü`o JmOV§` Vo ’«$mpÝgñH$Z Y‘©Jwê$ ’$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m `m§À`m AmXe© OrdZmMr, H$m`m©Mr d `emMr JmWm H$m{‘b nmaIo `m§À`m boIUrVyZ AmoKdË`m ‘amR>r ^mfoV gmH$ma hmoV Amho. ho nwñVH$ ‘amR>r ^m{fH$m§gmR>r Iyn ‘moR>o daXmZ R>aob `mV e§H$m Zmhr.

Om{H$`a~m~m§M§ Xe©Z ’$mXa ’«$mpÝgg ‘moO|À`m Á`m B§J«Or J«§Wm§‘Ü`o hmoV§ Ë`m 'ìhoJm~m±S>g \$m°a Jm°S>' Am{U 'eo\$S>©g \$m°a ¼mB©ñQ>' `m XmoZ J«§Wm§Mr nmam`U§ ‘r {M{H$ËgH$nUo Ho$br Amho. VgoM H$m{‘b nmaIo `m§À`m BVa boIm§M§ Am{U nwñVH$m§M§ dmMUhr ‘r gË`emoYH$mÀ`m ZOaoZ§ Ho$b§ Amho. `m boIH$mMr {dídgZr`Vm, ew^dV©‘mZmÀ`m KmofUo{df`rMr Ë`m§Mr Vi‘i Am{U Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m à^mdr OrdZm{df`rMm ‘OHy$a dmMH$m§Zm {ZpíMVM ‘§Ì‘w½Y H$arb.

Om{H$`a~m~m EH$ naXoer {‘eZar hmoVo. Ë`m‘wio Ë`m§À`m ‘amR>r ^mfoda ’«|$M Am{U B§J«Or ^mfm§Mm nJS>m AgUmaM. Vo bmoH$m§er g§dmX gmYV AgVmZm, CnXoe H$aV AgVmZm `oWrb ‘mUg§ dma§dma {‘píH$bnUo hgbr AgVrb. na§Vw Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ‘wImVyZ {ZKUmè`m {¼ñVdMZm§Mr N>mn bmoH$m§da nS>br Am{U à^y `oey {¼ñVmMm g§Xoe Ë`m§Zr ñdrH$mabm. `m g§XoemV A§V^w©V Agboë`m ''‘r Ambmo Amho AemgmR>r {H$ ‘mUgm§Zm OrdZ Am{U Vohr {dnwb à‘mUmV àmá ìhmdo'' `m `oeyÀ`m {ZYm©amMr gË`Vm bmoH$m§Zm nQ>br. Ë`m‘wio {‘píH$bnUo hgUmar hr ‘mUg§ OrdZmVrb {d{dY AmìhmZm§er hgVIoiV ‘wH$m~bm H$am`bm V`ma Pmbr. `m H$maUm‘wi§M Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr Ë`m§À`m öX`mV H$m`‘M§ Ka Ho$b§ hr B{VhmgmMr {Od§V gmj Amho.

H$m{‘b nmaIo `m§Zr {b{hbob§ Om{H$`a~m~m§M§ ho M[aÌ AmOÀ`m {¼ñVmÀ`m AZw`m`m§Zm Amnë`m lÜXoV A{dMb amhmÊ`mgmR>r d ew^dV©‘mZm{df`rMr Om{H$`a~m~m§Mr Vi‘i Amnë`m OrdZmV CVa{dÊ`mV àoaH$ R>amo {hM à^yMaUr {dZ‘« àmW©Zm.

{~en ES>drZ Hw$bmgmo

àñVmdZm

\$mXa pñQ>\$Z Aë_oS>m

à_wI Y_©Jwê$, {¼ñVamOm _§{Xa,

_mirKmoJaJmd, _o 2008

{dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m AIoarg \$mÝgÀ`m {H$Zmè`mdê$Z Jw[aEZ Om{H$`a ZmdmMm EH$ \|$M Vê$U hOmamo _¡bm§dê$Z KmoJaJmdmV nmD$b Q>mH$Vmo Am{U nmM XeHo$ ào{fV H$m`© H$ê$Z, BWë`m ^mfoer, g§ñH¥$Vrer EH$ê$n hmoD$Z VoWoM {Ma{ZÐm KoVmo.... ho na_oídamÀ`m BÀN>o{edm` Am{U H¥$no{edm` H$go eŠ` Amho? Zm ^mfm, Zm H$moUr OmVr-Y_m©Mo, Zm H$gbr AmoiI, Zm H$moUr ZmVbJ Zm H$moUr Jmddmbo. Varhr à^yH$m`m©gmR>r àoarV hmoD$Z hm Vê$U _mimoKmoJaJmdmgma»`m XwJ©_ JmdmV `oVmo Am{U ào{fV H$m`© gwê$ H$ê$Z nmM XeH$m§V {_eZH$m`m©Mm _im \w$b{dVmo, hm EH$ M_ËH$ma Zmhr Va H$m`? na_oídamMr _mirKmoJaJmdmda {deof Ñï>r Agbr nm{hOo åhUyZ Va ho KS>bo. hm \|$M Vê$U à^y `oey {¼ñVmMr gmj XoV `m n[agamV qhS>bm Am{U Amnë`m d¥ÜXmnH$mimV BWë`mM _mVrV {dgmdUo Ë`mZo ng§V Ho$bo. AmO `m {_eZarÀ`m nmM XeH$m§À`m ào{fVH$m`m©Mm {dMma H$aVmZm Amnbo _Z à^yÀ`m AX²>^wV gm_Ï`m©nwT>o {dZ_« hmoVo. {¼ñVmdarb lÜXm H$m` M_ËH$ma KS>dy eH$Vo `mMr àMrVr `oVo.

_mirKmoJaJmdmgmR>r Om{H$`a~m~m ho OUy YÝ`dm{XV Zmd Amho. Ë`m§Zr BWë`m hOmamo bmoH$m§Zm à^y `oey {IñVmÀ`m H$inmV AmUbo. AmOhr `m bmoH$m§À`m _ZmV Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ñ_¥VrÀ`m Á`moVr VodV AmhoV. Iè`m AWm©Zo Om{H$`a~m~m _mirKmoJaJmd {_eZMo ^m½`{dYmVo AmhoV. Ë`m§Zr Oo ~r noabo Ë`mMm AmO gw§Xa _im Pmbm Amho. Ë`m§Zr Oo noabo Vo AmO ^aKmog {nH$bo Amho. Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømÀ`m J§Jmnya Am{U d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`m§Vrb àË`oH$ {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~m§V Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm _moR>çm lÜXoMo ñWmZ Amho. \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr EH${dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m Mma XeH$m§V `m J«m_rU ^mJmV H$Yr KmoS>çmda ñdma hmoD$Z, H$Yr ~¡bJmS>rZo Va H$Yr KmoS>mJmS>rZo àdmg H$arV {¼ñVmÀ`m VmaUmMr gwdmVm© gm§{JVbr. Ë`m§À`m ñnem©Zo nmdZ Pmbobr Vr KmoS>mJmS>r `m JmdmV AmOhr lÜXoZo OnyZ R>odÊ`mV Ambr Amho.

Ë`mH$mimV _mirKmoJaJmd ZmJnya Y_©àm§VmV g_m{dï> hmoVo. {S>g|~a 1977 bm nmon nm°b ghmdo `m§À`m AmXoemZwgma Am¡a§Jm~mX Y_©àm§VmMr ñWmnZm Pmbr. {~en S>m°_{ZH$ Am{~«`mo `m§Mr `m Y_©àm§VmMo n{hbo _hmJwéñdm_r åhUyZ Zo_UyH$ Pmbr. AmO Am¡a§Jm~mX Y_©àm§VmMo ñdê$n ~Xbbo AgyZ à^yÀ`m H¥$noZo Y_©àm§VmMm gd© ~m~VrV {dH$mg hmoV Amho. {ejU, Amamo½`godm `m joÌm§V _moR>m {dñVma Pmbm Amho. _mirKmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmVyZ AmO ~moaga, d¡Omnya, dmhoJmd, J§Jmnya Am{U H$ÞS> hr ñdV§Ì Y_©J«m_o C^r am{hbr AmhoV. `m gd© Y_©J«m_m§Mr nm`m^aUr \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m `m§ZrM Ho$br Amho. Ë`m§Zr Anma lÕoZo Am{U H$ï>mZo Ho$boë`m noaUrVyZ AmO hm _im \w$bbm Amho.

nÌH$ma H$m{_b nmaIo `m§Zr \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§da ho nwñVH$ {bhÿZ \$ma _moR>o H$m`© Ho$bo Amho. Zì`m {nT>rbm Om{H$`a~m~m§Mm AJXr OdiyZ n[aM` `m nwñVH$m_wio hmoV amhrb. Aem àH$maMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {_eZ H$m`© gm§JUmam M[aÌdOm hm n{hbmM J«§W Amho. Am¡a§Jm~mX Y_©àm§VmÀ`m B{VhmgmÀ`m Ñï>rZohr hm J«§W EH$ _mobmMm Eo{Vhm{gH$ XñVEodO R>aUma Amho.

`m J«§WmMo AmUIr EH$ AmJiodoJio _hÎd Amho, Vo åhUOo `m M[aÌmVyZ Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m µH$mimVrb VgoM ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimVrb gm_m{OH$ n[apñWVrMo Xe©Z KS>Vo. VgoM H°$Wmo{bH$ MM©Zo `m n[agamV nm`m^yV ñdê$nmMo \$ma _moR>o H$m`© Ho$bo Amho ho bjmV `oVo. Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr VËH$mbrZ Añn¥í`Vobm AmìhmZ {Xbo hmoVo, ho Va \$maM {MÎmdoYH$ Amho. boIH$ ZwgVo Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo M[aÌboIH$ Pmbo ZgyZ MM©À`m B{VhmgmMoM boIH$ Pmbo AmhoV. ho nwñVH$ Aä`mgë`mIoarO Am¡a§Jm~mX Y_©àm§VmMm B{Vhmg g_OyZ KoVm `oUma Zmhr. boIH$ nmaIo `m§Zr \$maM _mobmMo H$m_ Ho$bo Amho. `m _m¡{bH$ nwñVH$mbm àñVmdZm {b{hÊ`mMr g§Yr _bm {_imbr ho _r _mPo ^m½` g_OVmo. `mMo H$maU H$s, _mirKmoJaJmd `oWrb à_wI Y_©Jwê$ åhUOoM \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Mm CÎmam{YH$mar `m ZmË`mZo hr àñVmdZm _r {b{hV Amho.

ho nwñVH$ AË`§V dmMZr` Amho, Ë`mhÿZ Vo A{YH$ _ZZr` Am{U qMVZr` Pmbo Amho. `m nwñVH$mÀ`m AZwH«$_{UHo$da ZOa Q>mH$br Varhr boIH$mZo ho nwñVH$ {bhm`bm {H$Vr H$ï> KoVbo AmhoV Am{U _moR>çm ì`mg§JmZo, Aä`mg H$ê$Z Vo {b{hbo Amho ho bjmV `oVo. à^y `oey {¼ñVmdarb lÕoÀ`m gm_Ï`m©da Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr AZoH$ g§H$Q>m§Zm Vm|S> {Xbo, gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$ g_ñ`m§VyZ _mJ© H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r bmoH$m§Zm Ë`m§Zr _XV Ho$br. hgè`m Mohoè`mZo KmoS>mJmS>rVyZ Yra Úm`bm, _XVrMm hmV Úm`bm `oUmè`m Om{H$`a~m~m§Mr AmoiI `m nwñVH$mVyZ hmoVo.

Jwê$XrjoÀ`m nÝZmgmì`m dYm©nZm{Z{_Îm `m n[agamVrb JmdH$è`m§Zr Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm _mZnÌ {Xbo Ë`m KQ>ZoMo ^mdnyU© dU©Z `m nwñVH$mV Amho. Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m _hm{Zdm©UmMr KQ>Zm dmMVmZm _Z hobmdyZ OmVo, à^ynwT>o lÕoZo _mZ bdVo. boIH$mZo AË`§V AmoKdË`m e¡brV ho nwñVH$ {b{hbo Amho.

M[aÌboIH$mZo EH$m {R>H$mUr åhQ>bo Amho H$s bmoH$m§À`m Ñï>rZo _mirKmoJaJmdMo ào{fV Agboë`m Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr g§VnX H$YrM àmá Ho$bo Amho. hOmamo ^m{dH$m§À`m _ZmV Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo ñWmZ ho AmXaUr` g§VmMoM Amho. g§H$Q>H$mir ho bmoH$ `m 'g§Vm'Mr AmR>dU H$aVmV. `oWrb `mÌoV _moR>çm g§»`oZo gh^mJr hmoVmV.

{¼ñVr ^m{dH$ VgoM {¼ñVrVa dmMH$hr _mirKmoJaJmdÀ`m `m ào{fVmÀ`m M[aÌmMo ñdmJV H$aVrb Agm _mPm {dídmg Amho. ho nwñVH$ dmMVmZm AmnU MM©_Ü`o {_ñgmÀ`m doir JmVmo Vo JrV AmR>dVo, ''à^yMo Pmbo ~hþ CnH$ma, hmoD$ H$gm _r CVamB©?''

AZwH«$_{UH$m

àñVmdZm-  
i)  {~en ES>{dZ Hw$bmgmo, Am¡a§Jm~mX Y_©àm§V
ii) \$mXa _m[a`mo {S>gmoPm- E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoÀ`m nwUo àm§VmMo à_wI
iii) \$mXa pñQ>\$Z Aë_oS>m, KmoJaJmdÀ`m {¼ñVamOm _§{XamMo Y_©Jwê$

1)) Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ñ_¥VtZm COmim
2) \$mÝg_YyZ KmoJaJmdmV 
3) noaUrMm H$mi
4) JmdHw$gmVrb, JmdHw$gm~mhoaMo OJ
5) h¡Xam~mXÀ`m {ZOm_ g§ñWmZmV {¼ñVr Y_m©Mo AmJ_Z
6) \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo ì`{º$_Îd
7) {_eZH$m_mV, IoSw>Vm§_Ü`o a_bobo \$mXa Om{H$`a 
8) nrH$ \$ma, eoV_Oya H$_r - bmohJmd- {~S>{H$Z Y_©J«m_
9) ~moaga {_eZ H|$ÐmMr C^maUr
10) _hm`wÕH$mimV µJmoXmdar Amobm§Sy>Z Ah_XZJa {OëømV
11) amhmVm `oWrb ào{fVH$m`©
12) amhmVm, g§J_Zoa, H|$Xi `oWrb gm_m{OH$ pñWVr
13) XwîH$mim_wio bmoH$m§Mo hmb
14) \$m.Om{H$`a, \$m. ~oO} `m§À`m _XVr~Ôb \$m. ew{~Ja `m§Mr H¥$VkVm 15) KmoJaJmdmVrb {¼ñVamOm _§{XamMo ~m§YH$m_
16) Añn¥í`VoÀ`m àWog Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo AmìhmZ
17) V_mg{Jam§Mo b¡{µJH$, gm_m{OH$ emofU Am{U Om{H$`a~m~m
18) Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {eî`, n{hbo _hmamï´>r`Z Y_©Jwê$, \$m. _moÝVoamo
19)) {dX^m©Vrb n{hbo Ym{_©H$ nmMmaU - ~«Xa n°{Q´>H$ Vm`S>o
20) CVmad`mVrb {_eZ H$m`©
21) Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm JmdH$è`m§H$Sy>Z _mZnÌ 
22) {Ma{dlm§Vr 
23) KmoJaJmdÀ`m XmoZ gwnwÌm§Mr Jwê${Xjm 
24) KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmMm {dñVma, {d^mOZ Am{U AmOMr pñWVr

Fr Jacquier's arrival in Ghogargaon

KmoJaJmdMo Om{H$`a~m~m (‘amR>dmS>çmVrb {¼ñVr {_eZH$m`m©Mm B{Vhmg )

boIH$: H$m{_b nmaIo

àH$meH$: {_eZarO Am°\$ g|Q> ’«$mpÝgg S>r goëg (E_EgE\$Eg),

nwUo

gwJmdm àH$meZ

2) Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo ’«$mÝg‘YyZ KmoJaJmdmV AmJ‘Z

KmoJaJmd ho Zmd Cƒmabo H$s Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo ñ‘aU hmoVo. _amR>dmS>çmVrb `m N>moQ>çmem IoS>oJmdmVrb C§M {eIam§À`m {¼ñVamOm ‘§{XamMo {MÌ S>moù`mg‘moa C^o amhVo. `m JmdmV Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr Vã~b Mma XeHo$ Y‘©Jwê$ åhUyZ godm Ho$br, Ë`m‘wio KmoJaJmdMo Om{H$`a~m~m åhUyZM Ë`m§Zm AmoiIbo OmVo. Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr Am{U {~Ja{¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`mhr OS>UKS>UrV `m ‘hmËå`mMo _hÎdmMo `moJXmZ Amho. .

Joë`m XrS>XmoZeo dfm©§V ‘hmamï´>mV AZoH$ naXoer {¼ñVr {‘eZar§Zr gm‘m{OH$, Ym{‘©H$ Am{U e¡j{UH$ joÌm§V nm`m^yV ñdê$nmMo H$m‘ Ho$bo Amho. EH$mo{Ugmì`m Am{U {dgmì`m eVH$m§V ‘m`Xoe gmoS>yZ Ë`m§Zr {h§XwñWmZbmM Amnbr H$‘©^y‘r ‘mZbr. `mn¡H$s H$mhr {‘eZatZm Am`wî`mMr ZìdXr nma H$ê$Z Amnë`m H$m`m©Mo ’${bVhr nmhÊ`mMo ^m½` bm^bo.

"{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$mMo g§ñWmnH$-g§nmXH$ AmM©{~en hoÝar S>mo[a¨J, g§J‘ZoaMo ’$mXa ’«$mpÝgg ew{~Ja, haoJmd Am{U KmoS>oJmdmV CÎmw§J {eIam§Mr Xodio ~m§YUmao ’$mXa Om°Z hmëXZa, haoJmdmV ‘V‘mD$brMr `mÌm gwê$ H$aUmao ’$mXa OoamëS> ~mXa Aer {H$VrVar {‘eZar§Mr Zmdo AmOhr bmoH$m§À`m ñ‘aUmV AmhoV. ’$mXa Jw[aEZ Om{H$`a hohr AgoM EH$ F${fVwë`, AmXaUr` ì`{º$‘Îd.

‘hmamï´>mV {¼ñVr Y‘mªVa H$mhr {d{eï> {Oëøm§VM Pmbobo AmT>iyZ `oVo. R>mUo {OëømV dgB© VmbwŠ`mV ‘Ü``wJrZ H$mimV nmoVw©{JOm§À`m amOdQ>rV Y‘mªVa Pmbo. Ah‘XZJa {OëømV 1831 gmbr àmoQ>oñQ>§Q>n§{W`m§Zr ào[fVH$m`© gwê$ Ho$bo. 1878 ‘Ü`o àW‘V:M H°$Wmo{bH$n§{W` `oeyg§{K`m§Mo ào{fVH$m`© `m {OëømV gwê$ Pmbo. ‘mÌ H$mhr AndmX dJiVm ho gd© Y‘mªVa Ë`mH$mir Añn¥í` AgUmè`m ‘hma OmVrVM Pmbo. gZ 1892 n`ªV H|Xi, diU Am{U g§J‘Zoa `oWrb H°$Wmo{bH$m§Mr g§»`m EH$ hOma Pmbr hmoVr. Ah‘XZJa {Oëømbm bmJyZM Agboë`m Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømÀ`m d¡Omnya Am{U J§Jmnya VmbwŠ`m§Vhr `mMH$mimV

g‘m§Va nmVirda ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV {¼ñVr Y‘mªVa Pmbo, `m‘mJo EH$ J‘VrXma KQ>Zm Amho. KmoJaJmdmVrb ZmWy {eZJmao `m VéU ‘hmamMo amhþarOdirb diU JmdÀ`m ‘wbrer b¾ Pmbo hmoVo. Amnë`m gmgyadmS>rV ZmWy Ambm Voìhm VoWrb AZoH$ ‘hmam§Zr {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm Amho ho Ë`mZo nm{hbo. ~hþXm Ë`mÀ`m gmgaMo Hw$Qw>§~hr {¼ñVr Pmbobo AgVrb. ZmWyZohr ‘J ~m{áñ‘m ñdrH$mabm Am{U ’$mXa dmB©ghm¡ßQ>H$S>o H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> åhUyZ Vmo H$m‘ H$ê$ bmJbm. KmoJaJmdmV naVë`mZ§Va Ë`mZo Amnë`m ZmVodmB©H$m§H$S>o Am{U Omè`m-nmOmè`m§H$S>o diU {‘eZH|$Ðm{df`r VgoM VoWo ’$mXam§Zr bmoH$m§Zm Ho$boë`m ‘XVrMo ~aoM H$m¡VwH$ Ho$bo. Ë`mZ§Va KmoJaJmdmVrb H$mhr bmoH$ diUbm OmD$Z VoWrb {‘eZatZm ^oQ>bo. Amnë`m JmdmVhr {‘eZH|$Ð Am{U emim gwê$ H$am Aer Ë`m§Zr VoWrb ’$mXam§Zm {dZ§Vr Ho$br. ‘mÌ JmoXmdarÀ`m nbrH$S>À`m H$mR>mda Agbobo KmoJaJmd ‘moJbmB©V åhUOo h¡Xam~mXÀ`m {ZOm_ g§ñWmZmV Am{U ZmJnya Y‘©àm§VmÀ`m hÔrV hmoVo. (Ë`mdoiÀ`m àM§S> AmH$mamÀ`m ZmJnya Y‘©àm§VmMr AmO ZmJnya, O~bnya, Im§S>dm, A‘amdVr, am`nya, Mm§Xm, ^monmi Am[U Am¡a§Jm~mX Y‘©àm§Vm§V {d^mJUr Pmbr Amho.) diUMo ‘w»` ’$mXa H«$mB©P `m§Zr ‘J KmoJaJmdbm ^oQ> {Xbr Am{U Z§Va Am¡a§Jm~mXMo M°ßboZ ’$mXa ‘m±Q>¾m°Šg `m§Zm VoWrb bmoH$m§À`m {dZ§VrMr H$ënZm {Xbr. `m KS>m‘moS>rZ§Va ZmJnya Y‘©àm§Vr` àemgH$ ’$mXa Mmëg© ’o${bŠg nobdoQ> `m§Zr 1892 À`m Zmoìh|~amV ’$mXa ‘m[a`Z Wm°‘g `m§Mr KmoJaJmdbm Zdo {‘eZH|$Ð gwê$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r Zo‘UyH$ Ho$br. ZmJnyaMo n{hbo {~en AbopŠgg [aH$mP `m§Mr Amnë`m Y‘©àm§VmV {~Ja{¼ñVr g‘mOmV ào{fVr` H$m`© H$aÊ`mMr n«~i BÀN>m hmoVr. Ë`m§À`m {ZYZmZ§Va XmoZ ‘{hÝ`m§Zr ’$mXa _m[a`mZ Wm°_g `m§Zr KmoJaJmdmV nmD$b R>odbo Voìhm Ë`m§Mr hr ‘ZmoH$m‘Zm nyU© Pmbr.

KmoJaJmd {‘eZH|$ÐmÀ`m `m g§ñWmnH$-Y‘©Jwê$Mm Am¡a§Jm~mX `oWo 1851 gmbr OÝ‘ Pmbm hmoVm. ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Mo dS>rb h¡Xam~mXÀ`m g¡Ý`mV g¡{ZH$ hmoVo. Wm°‘g `m§À`m d{S>bm§Mr Am¡a§Jm~mXhÿZ AMbnya Am{U Ë`mZ§Va qhJmobr `oWo ~Xbr Pmbr. ‘amR>dmS>çmV qhJmobr `oWo Amboë`m ’$mXa ~o{ZñQ´>m§S> `m§Zr AH$am dfm©§À`m ‘m[a`mZbm nm{hbo Am{U Ë`m§Zr Ë`mbm Amnë`m ~¡bJmS>rVyZ H$m‘R>r `oWo AmUbo. VoWrb g|Q> Omogo’$ ñH$yb‘Ü`o ‘m[a`ZMo {ejU gwê$ Pmbo. gZ 1870 ‘Ü`o ZmJnyaÀ`m EgE’$Eg ñH$yb‘Ü`o Ë`m§Zr àdoe KoVbm. gZ 1886 bm Ë`m§Mm Y‘©JwénXmMm Xrjm{dYr Pmbm.KmoJaJmdbm `oÊ`mAmYr Ë`m§Zr ZmJnya `oWo Y‘©Jwê$ åhUyZ H$m‘ Ho$bo hmoVo. {ZPm‘mÀ`m amOdQ>rVrb {¼íMZm§gmR>r Ë`m§Zr CXy© H°$Wo{H$P‘hr V`ma Ho$bo hmoVo. Z‘mo ‘m[a`m `m àmW©ZoMr nwT>rb CXy© Amd¥Îmr `m H°$Q>o{H$P‘Mm (Y‘©{gjUmMm) Z‘wZm Amho.

''gbm‘ E ‘[a`m, na’$Pb IwXmdmZ Voao gmW h¡ & ‘w~maH$ Vw Am¡aVm| ‘|, Am¡a ‘w~maH$ Voao noQ> H$m ’w$b, `ogy & E APaV ‘[a`‘, IwXm {H$, ‘m, XdmH$a AZ JwÝhmJmamoZ| Ho$ {b`o, A~ Am¡a A‘mar ‘m¡V Ho$ dº$ & Am‘oZ &''

KmoJaJmdmV n{hbr XmoZ df©o ’$mXa ‘m{a`mZ ho EH$m PmonS>rV amhmV hmoVo. JmdmVrb AË`§V Jar~ Agbobo Añn¥í` bmoH$ Ë`m§Mo eoOmar hmoVo. Hw$R>ë`mhr àmW{‘H$ gw{dYm Zgboë`m `m J«m‘rU ^mJmV H$m‘ H$aUo A{Ve` AdKS> hmoVo. AS>rAS>MUrg Vmo§S> XoV ’$mXam§Zr Amnbo H$m‘ Mmby R>odbo. ‘amR>dmS>çmVrb n{hë`md{hë`m H$°Wmo{bH$ {‘eZHo$§ÐmMm AemàH$mao nm`m aMbm OmV hmoVm. ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Zr KmoJaJmdmV gwê$ Hoo$bobo {‘eZH|$Ð ho Ho$di EVÔoer` bmoH$m§gmR>r Agbobo ‘amR>dmS>çmVrb n[hboM {‘eZH|$X«. Ë`mAmYr {~«{Q>e g¡Ý`mVrb doJdoJù`m H$°ånm§V H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> {~«{Q>e g¡{ZH$ Am{U A{YH$mè`m§gmR>r {¼ñVr Y‘©Jwê§$Mr åhUOo {‘{bQ>ar M°ßboZMr Zo‘UyH$ hmoV Ago. ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Mr `m Zì`m {‘eZH|Ðmda Zo‘UyH$ H$aÊ`m‘mJo {deof H$maU hmoVo. ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Mo CXy© Am{U ‘amR>r ^mfm§da Mm§Jbo à^wËd hmoVo. ñWm{ZH$ gÎmmYmar {ZPm‘mÀ`m àOon¡H$s EH$ Agboë`m ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Zm {‘eZH$m`m©gmR>r VoWo O‘rZOw‘bm {dH$V KoUo VwbZoZo gmono hmoVo. Ë`mdoir O‘rZOw‘bm IaoXr H$aÊ`mgmR>r {OëhmnmVirdarb gaH$mar A{YH$mè`mMr nyd©nadmZJr KoUo Amdí`H$ Ago.

EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mÀ`m AIoarg KmoJaJmd Vgo AJXr Xwb©{jV IoS>oJmd hmoVo. (EH${dgmì`m eVH$mVhr `m pñWVrV ~Xb Pmbobm Zmhr, AmO åhUOo gZ 2008 ‘Ü`ohr VoWo S>m§~ar añVm Zmhr Am{U Ë`m‘wio `m JmdmH$S>o gmYr EgQ>r ~ggwÕm {’$aH$V Zmhr.) Ë`mdoir VoWo nmM-ghm XJS>m§Mr Am{U {dQ>m§Mr n¸$s Kao hmoVr. e§^aÀ`m Amgnmg nm§T>è`m ‘mVrMr Kao hmoVr. JmdmÀ`m doer~mhoa Añn¥í` ‘hmam§Mr dñVr hmoVr. `m ‘hmam§‘Ü`o ào{fVH$m`© H$aÊ`mgmR>r ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Mr Zo‘UyH$ Pmbr hmoVr.

Zdo {‘eZH|$Ð gwê$ Pmë`mZ§Va Mma dfmªZr ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Mo ghm`H$ åhUyZ ’$mXa Om{H$`a VoWo ê$Oy Pmbo. ’$mXa Om{H$`a ho ‘yiMo ’o«|$M. ’«$mÝg‘Ü`o ~oZ}Šg `oWo 14 ’o$~«wdmar 1867 `m {Xder Ë`m§Mm OÝ‘ Pmbm. Y‘©Jwê$ åhUyZ 21 {S>g|~a 1890 amoOr Ë`m§Zm Xrjm {‘imbr. VrZ df} ~obr Y‘©àm§VmV Y‘©àm§Vr` Y‘©Jwê$ åhUyZ H$m‘ Ho$ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr Owb¡ 1894 ‘Ü`o {‘eZarO Am°\$ g|Q> ’«$m{Ýgg S>r goëg (E‘EgE’$Eg) `m g§ñWoV àdoe Ho$bm. ^maVmV H$m`© H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Mo ‘w§~B© ~§XamV 3 {S>g|~a 1895 bm AmJ‘Z Pmbo. `oeyg§KmÀ`m O‘©Zàm§Vr` Y‘©Jwê§$Zr Ë`mH$mimV Ah‘XZJa {OëømV ào{fVH$m`© gwê$ Ho$bo hmoVo, Va E‘EgE’$Eg `m g§ñWoZo ZmJnya `m VoìhmÀ`m àM§S> AmH$mamÀ`m Y‘©àm§VmV Amnbo H$m`© gwê$ Ho$bo hmoVo. H$mhr ‘{hZo ZmJnwamVrb hm`ñHy$b‘Ü`o H$m‘ Ho$ë`mZ§Va Om{H$`a `m§Mr Zì`mZoM gwê$ Pmboë`m {‘eZH|$ÐmgmR>r Zo‘UyH$ Pmbr.

`wamonmV OÝ‘boë`m, VoWë`m dmVmdaUmMr gd` Pmboë`m ì`º$sbm Ë`mdoiÀ`m qhXwñWmZmVrb J«m‘rU n[agamV amhUo {VVHo$ gmono ZìhVo. `oWrb CîU Vmn‘mZ, AmhmamÀ`m gd`ter OwidyZ KoUo Vgo AdKS>M hmoVo. Ah‘XZJa {OëømV Amë`mZ§Va EH$-XmoZ dfm©VM A{Vgma Am{U BVa AmOmam§Zr H$mhr VéU {‘eZatMm ~ir KoVbm hmoVm. Ë`m‘wio `oWrb H$S>H$ CÝhmV dmdaVmZm H$m` H$miOr ¿`mdr, Ádmar-~mOarÀ`m ^mH$ar, {VIQ> MQ>Ê`m, bmb-{haì`m {‘aÀ`m§Mm ^anya dmna H$ê$Z Ho$bobo H$mbdU dJ¡ao Amhma H$gm nMdmdm `m~m~V ~wOwJ© {‘eZatH$Sy>Z YS>o KoUo OéarMo hmoVo. OyZ 1896 ‘Ü`o g§J‘Zoa `oWo \$mXa AmoQ>mo dmB©ghm¡ßQ> `m§À`mH$S>o `m~m~V Am{U {‘eZH$m`m©Mo YS>o KoÊ`mgmR>r ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm nmR>{dÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo.

\$mXa dmB©ghm¡ßQ> `m§À`mH$Sy>Z VéU d`mÀ`m Jw[aEZZo _amR>r ì`mH$aUmMo YS>o {eHy$Z KoVbo. VoWoM Ë`m§Zr n{hë`m§XmM {_eZ H|$ÐmV ~m{áñ_m XoD$Z Amnë`m {_eZar H$m`m©Mr gwédmV Ho$br. Ë`mZ§Va Amnë`m XrK© Am`wî`mV Ë`m§Zr eoH$S>mo ~mbH$m§Zm Am{U àm¡T> ì`º$s§Zm {¼ñVr Y_m©Mr Xrjm {Xbr. g§J_ZoaÀ`m `m nmM _{hÝ`m§À`m dmñVì`mV Ë`m§Zm {_eZatÀ`m OrdZe¡brMr Am{U H$m`©nÜXVrMr gd` Pmbr.

{dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwédmVrg Ah_XZJa Am{U Am¡a§Jm~mX {Oëøm§V {¼ñVr Y_© éO{dÊ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV \$mXa dmB©ghm¡ßQ> Am{U \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo _hÎdmMo `moJXmZ Amho. \$mXa dmB©ghm¡ßQ> `m§Zr àdam ZXrÀ`m H$mR>mda gwdmVm© gm§{JVbr Va \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr JmoXmdarÀ`m µH$mR>mda {ZPm_mÀ`m _moJbmB© hÔrVrb Jmdm§V ào{fVH$m`© Ho$bo. àdaoÀ`m Am{U JmoXmdarÀ`m H$mR>m§darb JmdmoJmdm§V AmO AZoH$ {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~o AmT>iVmV. Ë`m§À`m AmYrÀ`m XmoZ-VrZ {nT>çm§Zm `m {_eZatZrM {¼ñVr Y_m©Mr Xrjm {Xbr hmoVr.

{_eZar åhUyZ C_oXdmarMo H$m`© nyU© H$ê$Z 19 Zmoìh|~a 1896 amoOr \$mXa Om{H$`a KmoJaJmdmV Ambo. g§J_ZoaÀ`m \$mXa H«$mB©P `m `oeyg§Kr` Y_©Jwê§$Zr Q>m§½`mVyZ Ë`m§Zm VoWo nmohmoM{dbo. ho XmoÝhr Y_©Jwê$ VoWo nmohmoMbo Voìhm KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa _m[a`mZ Wm°_g EH$m AË`§V _hÎdmÀ`m H$m_m{Z{_Îm ~mhoaJmdr Jobo hmoVo. g§Ü`mH$mir Vo naVbo Vo EH$ Mm§Jbr ~mV_r KoD$ZM. Am¡a§Jm~mX {_eZH|ÐmgmR>r OmJm {dH$V KoÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm nadmZJr {_imbr hmoVr. Ë`mZ§Va 9 {S>g|~a 1896 amoOr ~«Xa Omogo\$ S>r g±Vmoghr `m XmoZ Y_©Jwê§$À`m _XVrgmR>r KmoJaJmdmV hOa Pmbo. Ë`mZ§Va nwT>À`mM dfu KmoJaJmd {_eZMr nyU© O~m~Xmar \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m Im§Úmda Q>mHy$Z \$mXa _m[a`mZ Wm°_g ho ZmJnyabm admZm Pmbo. _moJbmB©Vrb n{hë`md{hë`m {_eZH|$ÐmÀ`m `m g§ñWmnH$m§Mr ~Xbr Pmbr hmoVr. Ë`m§Zr bmdboë`m amonQ>çmMr H$miOr KoÊ`mMo, g§JmonZ H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ AmVm \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo hmoVo. ho ZmOyH$ amonQ>o `m ^y_rda VJob H$m` Am{U Ë`mMo dQ>d¥jmV ê$nm§Va hmoB©b H$m`, `m àíZmMo CÎma AZZw^dr \$mXa Jw[aEZ `m§À`mH$S>o ZìhVo. Amnë`mda gmon{dÊ`mV Amboë`m O~m~XmarMo AmoPo nobUo gmono Zmhr, `mMr `m naŠ`m _wbImV nm` R>odUmè`m `m Y_©Jwê$bm OmUrd AgUmaM. _mÌ Ë`m§Zr ho AmìhmZ ñdrH$mabo Am{U 'ew^:ñVo erK«_' Ago åhUV Ë`m§Zr ñdV:bm ào{fVH$m`m©V PmoHy$Z {Xbo. Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©Vrb `emMo dm An`emMo _moO_mn Z§VaÀ`m H$mimVM Ho$bo OmUma hmoVo.

Ghogargaon's Fr Jacquier (Christianity in Marathwada)

KmoJaJmdMo Om{H$`a~m~m (‘amR>dmS>çmVrb {¼ñVr {_eZH$m`m©Mm B{Vhmg - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

boIH$: H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ,

562, gXm{ed noR>, nwUo - 411 030

1) Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ñ‘¥VtZm COmim

Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m KmoJaJmdmbm ^oQ> Úm`MrM Ago AJXr R>m‘ R>adyZ VoWo ‘r Joë`m ‘{hÝ`mV OmD$Z Ambmo. 'Jmd VoWo añVm Am{U añVm VoWo ~g' hr KmofUm KmoJaJmdÀ`m ~m~VrV bmJy Zmhr, åhUyZ eoOmaÀ`m Hw$R>ë`mhr VmbwŠ`mÀ`m {R>H$mUmhÿZ VoWo nmohmoMÊ`mgmR>r Img n«`ËZ H$amdm bmJVmo. XmoZ-Mma H$mog nm`r MmbÊ`mMr ‘mZ{gH$ V`marhr R>odmdr bmJVo. ‘amR>dmS>çmÀ`m {dH$mgmÀ`m AZweofmMr hr EH$ PbH$. Vgo nm{hbo Va lram‘nyahÿZ KmoJaJmd Agob {VgoH$ {H$bmo‘rQ>a A§Vamda. åhUOo ~gZo Ho$di EH$ VmgmMm àdmg. nU WoQ> ~g Zgë`mZo d¡¡Omnyabm OmD$Z VoWyZ ‘mbdmhVwH$s~amo~aM àdmgr dmhVyH$ H$aUmè`m Q>|nmoZo EH$XmMo KmoJaJmdbm nmohmoMbmo Am{U hþíe H$obo.

lram‘nyahÿZ gH$mir AH$ambm {ZKyZ VoWo nmohmoMm`bm g§Ü`mH$mi Pmbr. nU AIoarg `m VrW©joÌr nm` Q>oH$bo `mMo g‘mYmZ hmoVo. Ë`m‘wio àdmgmZo eara Am§~yZ Jobo hmoVo Var Ë`m~Ôb ‘Z H$gbrhr VH«$ma H$aV ZìhVo. {eIamMo n{hë`m§Xm Xe©Z KS>bo. KmoJaJmd ho _mPo AmOmoi. lram‘nyahÿZ ‘m‘mÀ`m Jmdr ~¡bJmS>rVyZ OmÊ`mMm AZw^d _r Am{U _mÂ`m ^md§S>m§Zr bhmZnUr AZoH$Xm AZw^dbm hmoVm. gH$mir àdmgmbm {ZKmë`mda Xwnmar ~mamÀ`m gw‘mamg Amåhr ^m‘mQ>mUbm nmohmoMV Agy. WmoS>o’$ma nmUr Agboë`m J§JoV Am‘Mr ~¡bJmS>r CVabr H$s Am‘Mm àdmg H$mhr H$mi

Wm§~o. {edam‘ ‘m‘m JmS>rMo ~¡b gmoS>yZ Ë`m§Zm JmoXmdarMo nmUr XmIdyZ AmUë`mZ§Va Ë`m§À`mg‘moa H$S>~m Q>mH$s. ''J§Jm Amobm§S>br åhÝOo AmnwZ Ambmo

AmVm ‘moJbmB©V, AmVm H$m` {Zå‘mM nadmg!'' Ago Amåhmbm JmdmV {eaÊ`mAmYrM VoWrb {¼ñVamOm ‘§{XamÀ`m C§M gm§JV _mPr AmB© - ~mB© - Amnë`m ‘mhoaÀ`m {XeoZo ZOa Q>mH$V Ago. Ah_XZJa {OëømV Am{U Z{OH$À`m n[agamV AmB©bm '~mB©' åhUyZ g§~moYbo OmVo.

''BW§ J§JoÀ`m C§M Vramda C^§ am{hb§ H$s KmoJaJmdÀ`m XodimM§ C§M {eIa {XgV§,"" Ago Vr Amåhmbm gm§Jo. gH$mir, Xwnmar Am{U g§Ü`mH$mir XodXyVmÀ`m {ZamonmÀ`m àmW©ZogmR>r `m XodimMr K§Q>m dmOVo Voìhm {VMm AmdmO `oWn`ªV EoHy$ `oVmo ho ‘r {VÀ`m Vmo§S>yZ AZoH$Xm EoH$V Ambmo Amho. ‘mÌ Vramda Q>mMm C§M H$ê$Z C^m amhÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$ê$Zhr ‘bm Zm H$Yr Ë`m XodimMo {eIa {Xgbo Zm Xwnmar ~mambm Ë`m K§Q>oMm AmdmO EoHy$ Ambm. ‘mÌ XodimMo Vo ^ì`nU Am[U Ë`m C§M {eIamVrb XmoZ hmVm§À`m H$dioV Z gm‘mdUmar Vr K§Q>m ‘mÂ`m ‘Zmda H$m`‘Mr H$moabr

‘amR>dmS>çmVrb Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømV J§Jmnya Am{U d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`m§V {¼ñVr bmoH$ ‘moR>çm g§»`oZo AmT>iVmV.

nydm©l‘rÀ`m Añn¥í` g‘mOmVrb bmoH$m§Zm {¼ñVr Y‘m©H$S>o di{dÊ`mMo ‘moR>o lo` Om{H$`a~m~m§H$S>o OmVo. KmoJaJmd hr `m Om{H$`a~m~m§Mr H$‘©^y‘r. OdiOdi Mma XeHo$ Ë`m§Zr `m n[agamV Y‘©H$m`© Ho$bo. Zd{¼ñVr g‘mOmÀ`m gm_m{OH$, e¡j{UH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ àJVrgmR>r Ë`m§Zr ‘moR>o H$m`© Ho$bo.

Ë`m‘wio AmOhr `m ’«|$M Y‘©Jwê$~Ôb `m n[agamVrb bmoH$m§‘Ü`o H¥$VkVoMr Am{U AmXamMr ^mdZm AmT>iVo.

d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`mVrb Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo KmoJaJmd ho ‘mPo AmOmoi. BWbo ‘yiMo ñWm{ZH$ Agboë`m {¼ñVr bmoH$m§Mr AmS>Zmdo {eZJmao AmhoV. KmoJaJmdmnmgyZ Xhm-~mam {H$bmo_rQ>a A§Vamda Agbobo J§Jmnya VmbwŠ`mVrb dmhoJmd ho Amåhm nmaIo ‘§S>itMo ‘yiJmd. Ë`m_wio Om{H$`a~m~m§er g§~§{YV Agboë`m AZoH$ KQ>Zm§À`m MMm© ‘r bhmZnUmnmgyZ gVV EoH$V Ambmo Amho. OdiOdi Vrg dfmªZr ‘mÂ`m AmB©bm KoD$Z ‘r AmVm `oWo nmohmoMbmo

hmoVmo Vo Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ñ‘¥Vrbm COiUr XoÊ`mgmR>r.

`oeyg§Kr` O_©Z Y_©Jwê§$Mo H°$Wmo{bH$ {‘eZMo H$m`© gwê$ Pmbo Vgo ‘amR>dmS>çmV Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømV KmoJaJmd Am{U ~moaga `m Jmdm§V {_eZarO Am°\$ g|Q> \$mpÝgg S>r goëg (E_EgE\$Eg) `m g§ñWoÀ`m \$§M Y_©Jwê§$Zr ào{fVH$m`© gwê$ H$obo. `m n[agamVrb AZoH$ Jmdm§V åhUOo dmhoJmd, J§Jmnya,

d¡Omnya, daIoS> `oWrb AZoH$ bmoH$m§Zm Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr ~m{áñ_m XoD$Z {¼ñVr Y‘m©V AmUbo. AmO `mn¡H$s AZoH$ {R>H$mUr Xodio C^o amhÿZ ñdV§Ì Y‘©J«m‘hr Pmbo AmhoV.

Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm {¼ñVdmgr hmoD$Z AmO gmR> df Pmbr Var Ë`m§Mo H$m`© `oWrb bmoH$ AOyZhr {dgabo ZmhrV. Ë`m§Zr ~§mYbobo `oWrb {¼ñVamOm ‘§{Xa Ë`m§Mo EH$ ñ‘maH$M Amho. `m XodimnmerM Ë`m§Mr Am{U Ë`m§Mo {eî` Am{U _amR>r g_mOmVrb n{hbo Y‘©Jwê$ Omogo’$ ‘moÝVoamo `m§À`m H$~ar AmhoV. Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m nÞmgmì`m nwÊ`{VWr{Z{‘Îm Ë`m§À`m g_mYrda Ë`m§Mm nyUm©H¥$Vr nwVim C^maÊ`mV Ambm. XmoÝhr H$~at^modVr EH$ N>moQ>ogo ~m§YH$m‘ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. ’$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m Á`m KmoS>mJmS>rV ~gyZ

`m ‘moJbmB©À`m n[agamV {’$aV Vo dmhZhr `m ñ‘maH$mV R>odÊ`mV Ambo Amho.

~mhoaJmdMo ^m{dH$ `m XodimV àmW©ZogmR>r `oVmV, Voìhm Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m `m ñ‘maH$mbm AmdO©yZ ^oQ> XoVmV. ~mB©~amo~a ‘r VoWo nmohmoMbmo Voìhm Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m H$~arMo {VZo AmXamZo Mw§~Z KoVbo. Ë`m§À`m nwVù`mg‘moa hmV OmoSy>Z {VZo àmW©Zm Ho$br Am{U VoWyZ ~mhoa OmÊ`mAmYr Ë`m H$~arbm EH$ nyU© àX{jUmhr KmVbr. {Vbm Om{H$`a~m~m§{df`r {H$Vr AmXa Amho ho ‘bm ‘mhrV Amho. nmgï> dfmªnydu `mM XodimV Om{H$`a~m~m§ZrM _mÂ`m AmB©-d{S>bm§Mo b½Z bmdbo hmoVo. AmO Eo§erÀ`m Amgnmg Agboë`m ~mB©Mm ~m{áñ_mhr H$Xm{MV Om{H$`a~m~m§ZrM Ho$bobm AgUma.

~mB©Mo XmoZ ^mD$ åhUOo ‘mPo ‘m‘m VéUnUmV Om{H$`a~m~m§Mm N>H$S>m hmH$V AgV. Ë`m‘wio Om{H$`a~m~m§Mr {‘eZar d¥Îmr, Ë`m§Mo H$m‘ `m {df`rÀ`m AZoH$ H$Wm {VÀ`mH$Sy>Z Am{U ‘mÂ`m d{S>bm§H$Sy>Z ‘r AZoH$Xm EoH$V Ambmo Amho. V‘mem‘wio bmoH$m§Mr Z¡{VH$Vm {~KS>Vo, Ë`m‘wio V‘mem EoZ a§JmV Amë`mZ§Va Om{H$`a~m~m VoWo KmoS>mJmS>rZo H$go nmohmoMV, VoWrb ZmMJmUo ~§X nmS>rV Am{U V‘mg{Jam§Mr T>mobH$s, Kw§Jê$ Am{U BVa gm{hË` KoD$Z KmoJaJmdr naVV AgV ho ‘r Ë`m XmoKm§H$Sy>Z Am{U _mÂ`m _m_m§H$Sy>Z AZoH$Xm EoH$bo Amho. V‘mg{Jam§À`m `m Oá Ho$boë`m g§JrVgmYZm§Zr KmoJaJmdmVrb ’$mXadmS>rVrb XmoZ Imoë`m ^aë`m hmoË`m Ago åhUVmV.

KmoJaJmdMo à‘wI Y‘©Jwê$ ’$mXa ñQ>r’$Z Aë‘oS>m `m§Zr Ë`mdoir VoWrb OwÝ`m H$m¡bmar emioÀ`m Imoë`m nmSy>Z Xw‘Obr B‘maV ~m§YÊ`mMo H$m‘ hmVr KoVbo hmoVo. ’$mXam§Mo OwZo {ZdmgñWmZhr nmSy>Z VoWo ZdrZ B‘maV ~m§YÊ`mV `oUma Amho. ‘mÌ ho ~m§YH$m‘ nmS>Ê`mAmYr Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m `m {ZdmgñWmZmMo Am{U Ë`m§À`m H$mimVrb emim§À`m ~m§YH$m‘mMo Ë`m§Zr pìh[S>Amo {MÌU H$ê$Z KoVbo. Om{H$`a~m~m§Mr ñ‘¥Vr OnÊ`mÀ`m Ë`§mÀ`m `m à`ËZmMo ‘bm Iyn

H$m¡VwH$ dmQ>bo.

‘r VoWo nmohmoMbmo Voìhm VoWrb g|Q> Omogo’$ emioÀ`m B‘maVrÀ`m {dñVmarH$aUmgmR>r OwZo ~m§YH$m‘ O‘rZXmoñV H$aÊ`mMr à{H«$`m gwê$ Pmbr ZìhVr. EH$ eVH$mnyduMo Vo ~m§YH$m‘ Voìhmhr AJXr ‘O~yV ñdê$nmV C^o hmoVo. Xe©Zr ^mJ Agboë`m Imobrda H«y$g hmoVm, Ë`mAWu Ë`m ImobrMmM nmD$U eVH$mnydu MM© åhUyZ dmna H$obm OmV AgUma. Ë`m ~m§YH$m‘mÀ`m nwT>o EH$m H$monè`mbm {¼ñVamOm ‘§{Xa Ago {b{hboë`m nÍ`mMm OwZmQ> \$bH$ hmoVm.

’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo H$m`m©b` Agbobr Imobr, Ë`m§Mo Q>o~b, Ë`m§À`m IwMu Am{U BVa ~aoM OwZo ’${Z©Ma ‘amR>dmS>çmVrb Ë`m gdm©V OwÝ`m {‘eZH$o§ÐmÀ`m e§^a dfmªÀ`m B{VhmgmMr gmj XoV hmoVo. H$mhr {Xdgm§Z§Va Vr dmñVyhr O_rZXmoñV hmoUma hmoVr. ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m Mma XeH$m§À`m dmñVì`mZo nmdZ Pmboë`m, Ë`m§À`m AmJù`mdoJù`m OrdZe¡brÀ`m IwUm Amnë`m gdmªJmda dmdaUmè`m Ë`m n{dÌ dmñVybm ‘J ‘r ‘mÂ`m H°$‘oè`mV doJdoJù`m H$moZm§VyZ {Q>nyZ KoVbo.

Ah‘XZJa {OëømVrb diU-H$o§Xi Am{U g§J‘Zoa `oWo } ào{fVH$m`m©V ’$mXa AmoQ>mo dmB©ghm¡ßQ> Am{U \$mXa ’«$mpÝgg ew{~Ja `m§Mo Ogo ‘hÎdmMo ñWmZ Amho VgoM Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb ào{fVH$m`m©V ‘hÎdmMo ñWmZ Amho. `mVrb n{hë`m XmoZ {‘eZatZr Ah‘XZJa {OëømÀ`m àdaoH$mR>r Va Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb JmoXmdarH$mR>r {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mm nm`m amodbm. hOmamo OUm§Zm Ë`m§Zr {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mr {Xjm {Xbr. ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm H°$Wmo{bH$ MM©Zo g§VmMm ‘mZ Úmdm, Aer ‘mJUr AmVmn`ªV H$moUr Ho$bobr Zmhr. g§VnXmMr Aer H$mhr Am¡nMm[aH$ à{H«$`m AgVo `mMr H$Xm{MV `m IoS>çm§Vrb bmoH$m§Zm H$ënZmhr Zgob. `oWrb bmoH$m§Zr Om{H$`a~m~m h`mV AgVmZmM Ë`m§Zm g§V ‘mZbo. AmOhr Ë`m§À`m H$~abm ^oQ> XoUmao ^m{dH$ Ë`m§Zm g§V ‘mZyZM Ë`m§À`mH$S>o ‘Ü`ñWrgmR>r àmW©Zm H$aVmV.

bhmZnUmnmgyZ `m _hmËå`m{df`r AZoH$ Jmoï>r _mÂ`m H$mZmda nS>V hmoË`m. _amR>dmS>çmÀ`m J«m_rU ^mJm§V bmoH$m§_Ü`o AË`§V AmXamMo ñWmZ Agboë`m `m g_mOgwYmaH$mMr BVam§Zmhr AmoiI H$ê$Z XoÊ`mgmR>r `m nwñVH$mMr {Z{_©Vr Pmbr Amho.

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boIH$-nÌH$ma H$m{_b nmaIo `m§Mm n[aM`

boIH$-nÌH$ma H$m{_b nmaIo ho B§J«Or d¥ÎmnÌr` joÌmV AZoH$ df} H$m`©aV AmhoV. Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`mVrb dmhoJmd ho Ë`m§Mo _yiJmd. lram_nya `oWo OÝ_.  _w§~B© {dÚmnrR>mVyZ ~rE Am{U E_ E(VÎdkmZ) {ejU KoVboë`m nmaIo `m§Zr Jmoì`mVrb 'Xr ZdqhX Q>mBåg' `m B§J«Or d¥ÎmnÌmV Amnë`m nÌH$m[aVoÀ`m ì`dgm`mMr gwê$dmV Ho$br. {X B§{S>`Z \o$S>aoeZ Am°µ\$ d{Hª$J OZm©{bñQ>g `m g§ñWoÀ`m  _mÜ`_mVyZ Ë`m§Zr `wamonmVrb ~ëJo[a`mMr amOYmZr gmo{\$`m `oWo nÌH$m[aVoMm nX{dH$m Aä`mgH«$_ nyU© Ho$bm, Ë`mM Xaå`mZ gmopìhEV a{e`mMm Xm¡am H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr Ë`m§Zm bm^br. lram_nya `oWrb gmd©_V, Am¡a§Jm~mX `oWrb Xr bmoH$_V Q>mBåg, nwÊ`mVrb B§{S>`Z EŠñàog Am{U Xr Q>mBåg Am°\$ B§{S>`m `m X¡{ZH$m§V Ë`m§Zr ~mV_rXma Am{U Cng§nmXH$ åhUyZ H$m_ Ho$bobo Amho. nËZr O°ŠbrZ Am{U _wbJr Am{XVr `m§À`mgh Ë`m§Mo dmñVì` nwÊ`mOdirb qMMdS> `oWo AgVo. gÜ`m Vo 'gH$mi' d¥ËVnÌg_yhmÀ`m 'gH$mi Q>mBåg' `m nwÊ`mVyZ à{gÜX hmoUmè`m X¡{ZH$mV Vo H$m`© H$aV AmhoV.   


H$m{_b nmaIo  `m§Mr BVa  _amR>r-B§J«Or nwñVHo$

 'CÎmw§J'  (ì`{º${MÌg§J«h), B§p½be-_amR>r {_{S>Am {S>ŠeZar, '_hmamï´> M[aÌH$moe' (B.g. 1800 Vo B. g. 2000), '{¼ñVr {_eZè`m§Mo `moJXmZ',  'X{bV  {¼íMZm§Mm AmajUmÀ`m h¸$mgmR>r bT>m', 'JmdHw$gm~mhoaMm {¼ñVr g_mO', 'X{bV {¼íMÝg: amB©Q> Qy> [aPìh}eÝg'  Am{U 'H$m±{Q´>ã`weZ Am°\$ {¼íMZ {_eZarO BZ B§{S>`m'.