Eternal rest for Fr Gurien Jacquier

KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m (Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ

22) Om{H$`a~mdm§Zm {Ma{dlm§Vr

dmT>Ë`m d`mo_mZm_wio \$mXa Om{H$`a~mdm§Zm nydugmaIo qhS>Uo AeŠ` Pmbo. {_eZH$m`m©{df`r Ë`m§Mm CËgmh H$m`_ am{hbm hmoVm Var WH$bobo eara Ë`m§À`m `m gigiË`m CËgmhmbm gmW XoÊ`mg AmVm ZH$ma XoV hmoVo. 1935 À`m Owb¡V KmoJaJmdmV Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo gmhmæ`H$ åhUyZ \$mXa AmPm[aAg {S>_obmo `m§Mr Zo_UyH$ Pmbr. d¥ÕËdmH$S>o PwH$boë`m Om{H$`a~m~m§H$Sy>Z ào{fVH$m`mªMo YS>o {eH$V \$mXa {S>_obmo `m§Zr Z§Va KmoJaJmd {_eZH$m_mMr gyÌo Amnë`m hmVmV KoVbr. 1944 _Ü`o Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr {_eZH$m_mVyZ {Zd¥Îmr ñdrH$mabr. _mÌ Ë`mZ§Vahr Ë`m§Zr \$mÝg `m Amnë`m _mV¥^y_rH$S>o Ymd KoVbr Zmhr dm ZmJnya `m Ë`m§À`m Y_©àm§VmÀ`m _w»` ehamV {dlm§VrgmR>r Vo Jobo Zmhr. Amnbr H$_©^y_r Agboë`m KmoJaJmd `m N>moQ>çmem IoS>oJmdmVM Ë`m§Zr Amnbo AIoaMo {Xdg Kmb{dUo ng§V Ho$bo.

Amnbm A§V Odi Ambm ho Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr AmoiIbo Voìhm Ë`m§Mo _Z H¥$VmW© hmoVo. Amnë`m ào{fVH$m`m©~m~VrV Vo {ZpíMVM g_mYmZr hmoVo. gZ 1947 gmbr KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmÀ`m hÔrVrb Jmdm§Vrb H°$Wmo{bH$m§Mr g§»`m 6 hOma 700 hmoVr Va ~moaga {_eZ H|$ÐmV 4 hOma 500 OUm§Zm ~m{áñ_m XoÊ`mV Ambm hmoVm. gÎmmdÞ dfmªÀ`m {_eZH$m`mªV Ë`m§Zr eoH$S>mo bmoH$m§Zm {¼ñVr Y_m©V AmUbo hmoVo. eoH$S>mo ~mbH$m§da n{dÌ nmUr qenSy>Z Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§Mm ~m{áñ_m Ho$bm hmoVm. Ë`mn¡H$s AZoH$ Vê$U-VéUtMr Am{U Z§Va Ë`m§À`mhr _wbm-_wbtMr XodimV b½Zo bmdÊ`mMm `moJhr Ë`m§Zm bm^bm. XmoZ-VrZ {nT>çm§Vrb bmoH$m§Mm Ago ñZmZg§ñH$ma H$aÊ`mMm `moJ Hw$Um Y_©Jwê$À`m Am`wî`mV ghgm `oV Zmhr. H$maU nmMghm qH$dm Xhm dfmªZ§Va Ë`m§Mr doJdoJù`m {_eZ H|$ÐmV ~Xbr hmoV AgVoM. ZmJnya Y_©àm§VmVrb BVa gd© Y_©Jwê§$À`mhr gmVË`mZo doJdoJù`m {_eZ H|$ÐmV ~Xë`m hmoV AgV. _mÌ `m H$mimV {~en Agboë`m Ë`m§À`m Hw$Urhr Y_m©{YH$mè`m§Zr amhmVm `oWrb H$mhr dfm©§Mm AndmX dJiVm Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm KmoJaJmdmVyZ XwgarH$S>o hb{dbo Zmhr, ho {deof åhUmdo bmJob. Amnë`m XrKm©`wî`mVrb Mma XeH$m§hÿZ A{YH$ H$mi Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr KmoJaJmdmVM {_eZar åhUyZ H$m_ Ho$bo hmoVo. Ë`m_wio AmnU bmdbobr AZoH$ amonQ>o _hmd¥jo Pmbobr nmhÊ`mMo ^m½` `m _hmËå`mbm bm^bo.

gZ 1947 À`m \o$~«wdmarÀ`m AIoarg Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm Aeº$nUm_wio {¼ñVamOm _§{XamV n{dÌ {_ñgm gmOar H$aUo AeŠ` Pmbo. _mM©AIoarg Ë`m§Mo {b{hUo Am{U {\$aUogwÜXm ~§X Pmbo, Amnë`m Imobr~mhoa nS>Uo Ë`m§Zm AeŠ` Pmbo. Ë`mdfu BñQ>a gUmÀ`m {Xder Ë`m§Zr AmOmar ì`º$s¨gmR>r, _¥Ë`weæ`oda Agboë`m ì`º$s§gmR>r {Xë`m OmUmè`m A§Ë`ä`§J åhUOo eodQ>À`m ñZmZg§ñH$mamMr _mJUr Ho$br. nmñH$m qH$dm BñQ>a gUm{Z{_Îm AmgnmgÀ`m IoS>çm§VyZ KmoJaJmdmV Amboë`m bmoH$m§Mm Ë`m§Zr H$m`_Mm {Zamon KoVbm. Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo ho ~hþYm eodQ>MoM Xe©Z `mMr OmUrd Ë`mn¡H$s AZoH$ bmoH$m§Zm Pmbrhr Agob. Ë`mZ§Va OdiOdi XmoZ _{hÝ`m§Z§Va åhUOo 20 _o 1947 amoOr Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {ZYZ Pmbo.

Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {Zdm©U Pmbo Voìhm _mPo AmB©-d{S>b KmoJaJmdmVM hmoVo. _mÂ`m AmB©À`m YmH$Q>çm ~{hUrÀ`m åhUOo AZwg`m_mderÀ`m Am{U H$m{eZmWH$mH$m ^mboamd `m§À`m b½Zm{Z{_Îm Vo _mÂ`m AmOmoimg Ambo hmoVo. Ë`mH$mimV b½Zg_ma§^ Mma-nmM {Xdg MmbV Ago. n{hë`m {Xder hiX bmdÊ`mMm H$m`©H«$_ Ago. Ë`mZ§Va JS>m§JUoamgmR>r ^mdr dYy Am{U da ZmVodmB©H$m§H$S>o Am{U eoOmamnmOmè`m§H$S>o eod`m ImÊ`mgmR>r Amnë`m bdmOå`mgh {\$aV Ago. _mderMo b½Z bmJë`mZ§Va Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {ZYZ Pmbo. Ë`m_wio Ë`m{Xder hmoUmam Hw$§H$dmMm qH$dm \$i ^aÊ`mMm b½Zg_ma§^mMm eodQ>Mm H$m`©H«$_ aÔ H$aÊ`mV Ambm hmoVm, ho _r _mÂ`m AmB©-d{S>bm§H$Sy>Z AZoH$Xm EoH$bo Amho. b¾g_ma§^mgmR>r JmdmoJmdm§hÿZ Ambobr nmhþUo_§S>ir _J Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m A§Ë`g§ñH$mamÀ`m {dYrV gh^mJr Pmbr. {¼ñVamOm Xodimnmer, XodimVrb doXrÀ`m g_m§Va ~mOybm Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm {Ma{ZÐm XoÊ`mV Ambr. KmoJaJmd n[agamVrb AZoH$ {¼ñVr, AmOy~mOyÀ`m JmdMr nmQ>rb_§S>ir Am{U BVa {~Ja{¼ñVr bmoH$ _moR>çm g§»`oZo A§Ë``mÌog hOa hmoVo. Ago åhUVmV H$s Om{H$`a~m~m AË`dñW Agë`m_wio JmoXmdarÀ`m nbrH$S>rb Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb haoJmd `m `oeyg§Kr` {_eZ H|$ÐmVyZ Ë`m§À`m X\$Z{dYrgmR>r ednoQ>r Ë`m§À`m {ZYZmAmYrM KmoJaJmdmV AmUyZ R>odÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr.

Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m {Zdm©UmZ§Va MmaM _{hÝ`mZ§Va KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmVrb XmoZ VéUm§Zr Y_©Jwê$ åhUyZ {Xjm ñdrH$mabr. \$mXa Omogo\$ ~ZgmoS>o Am{U \$mXa \$mpÝgg Po{d`a Jm`H$dmS> `m§Mm Jwé{Xjm{dYr ZmJnyamV 29 gßQ>|~a 1947 amoOr nma nS>bm. Ë`mAmYr XrS> _{hZo AmYr ^maVmbm ñdmV§Í` {_imbo hmoVo Am{U _amR>dmS>çmV ào{fV H$m`© H$aÊ`mgmR>r n{hë`m§XmM ho XmoZ ^y{_nwÌ nwT>o Ambo hmoVo. KmoJaJmd {_eZmVrb n{hë`m ñWm{ZH$ Vê$Um§À`m Jwê${XjoMm g{dñVa d¥Îmm§V Ë`mdoir '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$mZo à{gÜX Ho$bm hmoVm.

gZ 1997bm \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m nÞmgmì`m nwÊ`{VWr{Z{_Îm `m _hmËå`mÀ`m H$~arda Ë`m§Mm nyUm©H¥$Vr nwVim C^maÊ`mV Ambm. Ë`m§À`m Am{U \$mXa _moÝVoamo§À`m g_mYrda N>V C^maÊ`mV Ambo, AmOy~mOy§Zr bmoI§S>r JOm§Mo ~m§YH$m_ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. Om{H$`a~m~m dmnaV Agbobr KmoS>mJmS>rhr `m ñ_maH$mV R>odÊ`mV Ambr Amho. `m n[agamVrb H$moUVrhr ì`º$s KmoJaJmd `m VrW©joÌr Ambr Va `m ñ_maH$mbm AmdOy©Z ^oQ> XoVo. VoWo jU^a ñVãY amhÿZ H«w$gmMr IyU H$ê$Z Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm AmXam§Obr dmhVoM. Ë`m{Z{_Îm \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo EH$ V¡b{MÌ N>mnÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. `m n[agamVrb AZoH$ {¼ñVr Kam§V hm a§JrV \$moQ>mo q^Vrda bmdbobm Amho ho _r nm{hbo Amho. `mMdfu eoOmaÀ`m dmhoJmdmVrb XodimÀ`m n[agamVhr Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m AYm©H¥$Vr nwVù`mMo AZmdaU H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo.

Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb bmoH$m§_Ü`o Om{H$`a~m~m§~Ôb AZoH$ Am»`m{`H$m àM{bV AmhoV. ho Y_©Jwê$ JmdmoJmdÀ`m ^oQ>rda OmV AgV, Ë`mdoir amÌr PmonÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm Imobr Zgm`Mr. Ë`mdoir JmdmVrb bmoH$m§Zm Amnë`m_wio Hw$R>bmhr Ìmg hmoD$ Z`o åhUyZ Vo ñ_emZmV _w¸$m_ H$aV AgV, Ago OwZo AZoH$ bmoH$ gm§JV AgVmV.

KmoJaJmdMo Y_©Jwê$ \$mXa ñQ>r\$Z Aë_oS>m {¼ñVamOm _§{Xa n°[aeÀ`m ' {M§VZ' `m _wInÌmV nwT>rb AmdmhZ Ho$bo hmoVo: ''gH$b {¼ñVr ~m§Ydm§Zm {dZ§Vr H$aÊ`mV `oVo H$s _mirKmoJaJmd n°[ae_YyZ \$m. Om{H$`a~m~m `m§À`m OrdZmda nwñVH$ àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mMm Am_Mm _mZg Amho. `mgmR>r Á`m§À`m OrdZmV \$m. Om{H$`a `m§À`m _Ü`ñWrZo H$mhr M_ËH$ma KS>bo Amho, Zdg nyU© Pmbo Amho qH$dm AmOma ~ao Pmbo Amho, Ë`mMr gmj boIr ñdê$nmV qH$dm àË`j `oD$Z _m{hVr H$WZ H$amdr VgoM Om{H$`a \$mXam§À`m OrdZmVrb H$mhr KQ>Zm, àg§J AmnUmg _mhrV Agë`mg g§X^m©gh g§nmXH$mg H$idmdo.''

`m AmdmhZmg à{VgmX åhUyZ H$mhr ì`º$s§Zr Amnbo AZw^d gm§{JVbo. `mn¡H$s _w§~B©Vrb A§Yoar `oWrb Eg. E_. nmaIo `m§Mm nwT>rb boI 'qMVZ' _m{gH$mÀ`m E{àb 2004À`m A§H$mV à{gÜX Pmbm hmoVm:

^{dî`dmUr

nnm gm§JV AgV _mirKmoJaJmd `oWrb MM© ~m§YÊ`mMo AWH$ n[al_ \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr Ho$bo. MM©Mm OwZm _Zmoam nmSy>Z Zdm _Zmoam ~m§Ymd`mMm hmoVm. Vmo OwZm _Zmoam EH$m ~«Xam§Zr KUmÀ`m XmoZ Q>moë`m§_Ü`o nmS>bm hmoVm, Zdm C§M _Zmoam ~m§YyZ Ë`mda AdmT>ì` ~ob (K§Q>m) MT>dm`Mr hmoVr. Vr AdmT>ì` K§Q>m \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr EH$Q>çmZo da MT>{dbr hmoVr. Vr da MT>{dV AgVmZm Ë`m§Zm Iyn Ìmg Pmbm. Vo Iyn AmOmar nS>bo åhUyZ BÀN>m ZgVmZm Ë`m§Zm _m`Xoer naV Omdo bmJbo. VoWo AmVS>çmMo Am°naoeZ `eñdr Pmë`mZ§Va nyU© ~ao hmoD$Z Vo _mirKmoJaJmd `oWo naV Ambo. naXoemVyZ naV `oVmZm Ë`m§Zr EH$ J«m_mo\$moZ AmUbm hmoVm. Ë`mdarb JmUo EoH$m`bm JmdmVrb gd© bhmZWmoa _§S>ir O_m hmoV AgV. \$mXa KmoS>çmdê$Z amoO JmdmV \o$a\$Q>H$m _marV. Aem ~è`mMem AmR>dUr nnm Amåhmbm gm§JV AgV. na§Vw `m gdm©hÿZ doJir d gX¡d bjmV am{hbobr AmR>dU Ë`m§Zr Ho$bobr ^{dî`dmUr.

_mPo nnm _mirKmoJaJmd `oWo {eH$bo d Ë`m§À`m ghdmgmV ~aoM {Xdg hmoVo. \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m {eH$dUrMm _wbm§da ~amM à^md nS>V Ago. Ë`m_wioM EH$ {Xdg gm`§H$mir Mma _wbo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ê$_da Jobr d Ë`m§Zr Y_©Jwê$ hmoD$Z XodmMr godm H$aÊ`mMr BÀN>m àJQ> Ho$br. Ë`mda \$mXam§Zr Ho$di Ë`m§À`mH$S>o nmhÿZ pñ_V Ho$bo. Xwgè`m {Xder \$mXa dJm©V Jobo. gd© _wbm§Zr CRy>Z \$mXam§Zm A{^dmXZ Ho$bo. Z§Va \$mXa J§^ra AmdmOmV ~moby bmJbo. ''_wbm§Zmo, Vw_À`mVrb Mma _wbo Y_©Jwê$ hmoD$ BÀN>rV AmhoV.'' Z§Va Ë`m§Zr Mmahr _wbm§Zm C^o amhÊ`mg gm§{JVbo d àË`oH$mH$S>o diyZ åhUmbo, ''JmoqdX, Vy \$mXa hmoUma Zmhrg d b¾gwÜXm H$aUma Zmhrg. WmoamV, Vy {ddmh H$ê$Z gwIr g§gma H$aerb. AmZ§X (_mPo nnm), VwPo XmoZ {ddmh hmoVrb d ~ZgmoS>o, Vy \$mXa hmoerb.'' Am{U _moR>onUr Mm¡Km§À`mhr ~m~VrV \$mXam§Zr Ho$bobr ^{dî`dmUr V§VmoV§V Iar R>abr Amho.''

H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©g§ñWoZo Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm g§V åhUyZ _mÝ`Vm {Xbobr Zmhr. _Xa Voaogm§À`m g§VnXmMm ~hþ_mZ XoÊ`mMr à{H$`m h„r Mmby Amho. g§VnUmMm hm ~hþ_mZ \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Zmhr XoÊ`mV `mdm Aer _mJUrhr Hw$Ur Ho$bobr Zmhr. BWë`m J«m_rU n[agamVrb bmoH$m§Zm Aem Am¡nMm[aH$ à{H«$`oMr Iao nm{hbo Va _m{hVrhr Zmhr qH$dm JaOhr ^mgV Zmhr. Jobr AZoH$ df} Amnë`m dmS>d{S>bm§H$Sy>Z Am{U BVam§H$Sy>Z ho bmoH$ Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m H$m_m{df`r, _hmZVog§~Yr AZoH$ H$Wm, X§VH$Wm EoH$V Ambo AmhoV. `m n[agamVrb bmoH$m§Zr Va KmoJaJmdÀ`m `m ào{fVmbm Ë`m§À`m h`mVrVM g§VnX ~hmb Ho$bo hmoVo.

Fr Joseph Montero, first Maharshtrian Catholic priest

KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m (Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ

20) Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {eî`, n{hbo _amR>r {¼ñVr Y_©Jwê$ \$m. _moÝVoamo

_wŸ§~B© Am{U dgB© n[aga dJiVm Cd©[aV _hmamï´>mVrb ñWm{ZH$ Vê$Um§Zm ào{fV H$m`m©gmR>r AmH${f©V H$aUmao, Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm nmR>~i XoUmao \$mXa Om{H$`a ho n{hboM Y_©Jwê$ åhUmdo bmJob. Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb Omogo\$ _moÝVoamo ho \$mXa Om{H$`a Am{U \$mXa ~oO} `m§À`m H$m`m©Zo à^m{dV hmoD$Z Y_©Jwê$ ~Zbo. {dX^m©Vrb A_amdVrOdirb AmMbnya `oWrb n°{Q´>H$ Vm`S>o`m§ZrgwÜXm Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ghdmgmV amhÿZ nwT>o ñdV:bm Ym{_©H$ godog dmhÿZ KoÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVbm.

Ah_XZJa {OëømV `oeyg§Kr` Y_©Jwê§$Mo ào{fV H$m`© 1878 gmbr gwê$ Pmbo Va E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoMo H$m`© _amR>dmS>çmV KmoJaJmd `oWo 1892 gmbr gwê$ Pmbo. `oeyg§Kr`m§À`m VwbZoZo \$mÝg{bAZ g§ñWoV Y_©Jwê$ dm ~«Xa hmoÊ`mgmR>r ñWm{ZH$ Vê$U A{YH$ bdH$a AmH${f©V Pmbo qH$dm `m g§ñWoZo Ë`m§Zm Ver g§Yr bdH$a {Xbr Ago åhUmdo bmJob. Xoembm ñdmV§Í` {_imë`mZ§Va 1953 gmbr Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb EH$ Vê$U, Wm°_g ^mboamd, `m§Zr `oeyg§KmV C_oXdma åhUyZ àdoe Ho$bm Am{U 1965 gmbr Jwé{Xjm Pmë`mZ§Va Vo n{hbo ñWm{ZH$ `oeyg§Kr` Y_©Jwê$ R>abo. `m {OëømV ào{fV H$m`© gwê$ Pmë`mZ§Va OdiOdi e§^a dfm©Z§Va `oeyg§KmVrb n{hbo ñWm{ZH$ Y_©Jwê$ hmoÊ`mMm gÝ_mZ Ë`m§Zm {_imbm. _wÝVmoS>o Am{U Vm`S>o `m XmoZ ñWm{ZH$ Vê$Um§Zr _mÌ E_EgE\$Eg `m g§ñWoV ñdmV§Í`mnyduM åhUOo 1930À`m Amgnmg Y_©H$m`© H$aÊ`mgmR>r {Xjm ñdrH$mabr hmoVr.

\$mXa _moÝVoamo `m§À`mZ§Va _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb Y_©Jwê$ hmoÊ`mMm gÝ_mZ \$mpÝgg Jm`H$dmS> Am{U OmoOo\$ ~ZgmoS>o `m§Zm {_imbm. Jm`H$dmS> Am{U ~ZgmoS>o ho XmoKo _mdg^mD$ hmoVo. 29 gßQ>|~a 1948 aomOr ZmJnwamV Ë`m§Zm E_EgE\$Eg `m g§ñWoMo Y_©Jwê$ åhUyZ {Xjm {_imbr. `m g_ma§^mMm d¥Vm§V '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$mZo Ë`mdoir à{gÜX Ho$bm hmoVm.

_amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb n{hbo Y_©Jwê$ åhUyZ `m g_mOmÀ`m e¡j{UH$ Am{U gm_m{OH$ àJVrgmR>r H$m`© H$aUmè`m _moÝVoamo~m~m qH$dm \$mXa Omogo\$ _wÝVmoS>o `m§Mm C„oI H$amdm bmJob. \$m _moÝVoamo ho `wamonmVrb AZoH$ Xoem§Mm Xm¡am H$aUmao Cno{jV _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb n{hbrM ì`º$s. `m naXoe Xm¡è`mVrb AZw^dm§Mm Amnë`m {_eZH$m`m©V dmna H$ê$Z Amnë`m g_mOmÀ`m àJVrgmR>r Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ ZdZdo à`moJ Ho$bo. naXoer {_eZatZr `oWrb eham§Vhr _amR>r _mÜ`_mÀ`m emim CKS>Ê`mda ^a {Xbm. Ë`mH$mimV Am¡a§Jm~mXgma»`m {R>H$mUr B§J«Or emim gwê$ H$aÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm {ZU©` Z¸$sM YmS>gr åhUmdm bmJob. Am¡a§Jm~mX ehamVrb AmVm Zmdménmbm Ambobr B§J«Or _mÜ`_mVrb {bQ>b âbm°da ñHy$b gwê$ H$aÊ`mV Ë`m§Zr nwT>mH$ma KoVbm. _hmamï´>mVrb {_eZHo$ÝÐmVrb hr n{hbr B§J«Or _mÜ`_mMr emim. Ë`mZ§Va _amR>r {¼ñVr bmoH$m§gmR>r d ~hþg§»` g_mOmgmR>r BVa {_eZ H|$Ðm§V åhUOo lram_nya, amhmVm dJ¡ao {R>H$mUr B§J«Or _mÜ`_mÀ`m emim gwê$ H$aÊ`mg OdiOdi Mma XeHo$ Amobm§S>mdr bmJbr. `mdê$Z _moÝVoamo~m~m§Mm XyaXeunUm {XgyZ `oVmo. Am¡a§Jm~mXÀ`m J«m_rU n[agamV Ë`m§Zr ñdmV§Í`mZ§VaÀ`m H$mimV AZoH$ emim gwê$ Ho$ë`m.

\$mXa Omogo\$ _wÝVmoS>o `m§Mm OÝ_ Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb amhþar VmbwŠ`mVrb qMMmoio Jmdr 29 gßQ>|~a 1902 amoOr Pmbm. {J[aOm~mB© Am{U JUnVamd `m§Mo Vo Xwgao AnË`. Vo gmV dfmªMo AgVmZm Ë`m§À`m AmB©Mo - {JarOm~mB©Mo- {ZYZ Pmbo Am{U Ë`m§À`m d{S>bm§Zr doUy~mB© ZmdmÀ`m _{hboer Xwgao b½Z Ho$bo. Ë`m§À`m d{S>bm§Mohr bdH$aM {ZYZ Pmbo. nmoaH$m Pmboë`m bhmZ Omogo\$bm Ë`mMm Wmoabm ^mD$ Om°Z `mZo VoWyZ OdiM Agboë`m H|$Xi JmdmVrb \$mXam§À`m ~mo{S>ªJ_Ü`o R>odbo.

\$mXa ~°pßQ>ñQ> _w„a Ë`mdoir H|$Xi {_eZMo à_wI hmoVo. hþema Agboë`m Omogo\$da \$mXa _w„a Iye hmoVo. _mÌ `mM H$mimV n{hbo _hm`wÕ gwê$ Pmbo. B§½b§S> Am{U O_©ZrMo d¡a Agë`mZo {~«{Q>em§Zr Ë`mH$mimV qhXwñWmZmV Agboë`m O_©Z {_eZatZm AQ>H$ Ho$br Am{U Ë`mn¡H$s H$mhtZm XoemVyZ hmH$byZ {Xbo. O_©Z ZmJ[aH$ Agboë`m \$mXa _w„a `m§Zmhr Ë`m_wio Ho$§Xi gmoS>mdo bmJbo. H|$XiMr {_eZ ~mo{SªJ H$mhr H$mi ~§X nS>br AZ Omogo\$ nwÝhm Amnë`m Kar naVbm. nwT>o OÝ_mZo \$§M Agbobo \$mXa Om°Z _oar ~oO} `m§Mr KmoJaJmdmVyZ H|$Xi `oWo ~Xbr Pmbr Am{U VoWrb ~mo{S>ªJ_Ü`o Omogo\$Mo {ejU nwÝhm gwê$ Pmbo. {_eZatÀ`m OrdZmMm Ë`mÀ`m _Zmda à^md nS>bm Am{U AmnUhr Y_©Jwê$ hmoD$Z g_mOmMr godm H$amdr Ago Ë`mbm dmQy> bmJbo.

amhmË`mVrb `oeyg§Kr` O_©Z Y_©Jwê$ \$mXa hoZ«r {S>~oëg `m§ZmgwÜXm _hm`wÕm_wio AQ>H$ Pmbr hmoVr. Ë`m_wio Ë`mdoir ~moaga `oWo Agbobo \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mr amhmVm {_eZ H|$ÐmV ~Xbr Pmbr hmoVr. gZ 1917 _Ü`o \$mXa ~oO} `m§Zr Omogo\$bm amhmVm `oWo {eH$m`bm nmR>dbo. nwT>o \$mXa ~oO]À`mM {dZ§Vr_wio \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Omogo\$bm Ah_XZJaÀ`m {_{bQ>ar ñHy$b_Ü`o B§J«OrÀ`m Aä`mgmgmR>r nmR>dbo. Ah_XZJa `oWo \$mXa S>çw~Q>© `m§Zr Ë`mbm B§J«Or {eH${dbo. \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Z§Va Omogo\$bm `oeyg§Kr` Y_©Jwê$§À`m nwÊ`mVrb g|Q> {dÝg|Q> hm`ñHy$b_Ü`o XmIb Ho$bo.

Omogo\$bm Y_©Jwê$nXmMr Xrjm XoÊ`mg E_EgE\$Eg `m g§ñWoVrb H$mhr Y_©Jwê$§Mm {damoY hmoVm. Omogo\$ `m§Mo dS>rb qhXy hmoVo. Omogo\$ EH$ _hma hmoVm Am{U Vmon`ªV _hma g_mOmVrb EH$mhr ì`º$sbm Y_©Jwê$Mr {Xjm XoÊ`mV Ambr ZìhVr. Ë`m{edm` Zì`mZoM {¼ñVr Pmboë`m VéUmbm Jwé{Xjm XoUo `mo½` Zmhr Ago H$mhr Y_©Jwê§$Mo åhUUo hmoVo. _mÌ Omogo\$bm Amnë`m E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoV àdoe Úmdm `m~m~V \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m AJXr R>m_ hmoVo. `m VéUmg Y_©Jwê$nXmMo {ejU XoÊ`mM H$mhrM dmdJo Zmhr Ago Ë`m§Mo _V hmoVo.

\$mXa Om{H$`a ho KmoJaJmdmgma»`m J«m_rU ^mJmV H$m`©aV Agbo Var Ë`m§À`m \$mÝg{bAZ g§ñWoV Vo EH$ Á`oð> Y_©Jwê$ hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m eãXmg `m g§ñWoV _mZ hmoVm. Ë`m_wio AIoarg E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoÀ`m A{YH$mè`m§Zr Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo EoH$bo Am{U Omogo\$À`m Y_©Jwê$nXmMo {ejU KoÊ`mMm _mJ© _moH$im Pmbm. ZmJnyaMo {~en H$m°nob `m§Zr Amnë`m Y_©àm§VmgmR>r Y_©Jwê$nXmMo C_oXdma åhUyZ Omogo\$Mr {ZdS> Ho$br. Omogo\$Zo {ÌMZmnëbr `oWrb g|Q> nm°b go{_ZarV Y_©Jwê$ hmoÊ`mMo à{ejU KoÊ`mgmR>r àdoe KoVbm. Ë`mÀ`m CÀM {ejUmMm IM© H$aÊ`mgmR>r \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Amnë`m _m`XoemVrb åhUOo \$mÝg_Yrb g°ìhmo` `oWrb g|Q>-Owbr`ZÀ`m XmoZ _{hbm§H$Sy>Z Am{W©H$ _XV {_i{dbr hmoVr. go{_ZarVM Omogo\$Zo Amnbo _wÝVmoS>o ho AmS>Zmd ~XbyZ _moÝVoaom ho AmS>Zmd KoVbo hmoVo.

ZmJnya `oWo 8 {S>g|~a 1930 amoOr Omogo\$ `m§Zm Y_©Jwê$nXmMr {Xjm {_imbr. \$mXa _moÝVoamo `m§Mr ZmJnyaÀ`m g|Q> Om°Z hm`ñHy$b_Ü`o {ejH$ åhUyZ {Z`wº$s Pmbr. emioV Vo B§J«Or, b°{Q>Z Am{U B{Vhmg {df` {eH$dy bmJbo. `mM H$mimV Ë`§mMm \$mXa doQ>o{b`a `m§À`mer n[aM` Pmbm Am{U Ë`m§Zm naXoe Xm¡è`mMr g§Yr {_imbr. amo_, BQ>br Am{U `oey {¼ñVmMr OÝ_^y_r Agboë`m n°boñQ>mB©Zbm Ë`m§Zr ^oQ> {Xbr.

naXoe Xm¡è`mZ§Va naVë`mZ§Va ZmJnyaÀ`m {~enm§Z§r Ë`m§Mr KmoJaJmd `oWo Zo_UyH Ho$br. n{hë`m _hm`wÕmMm H$mi g§në`mZ§Va O_©Z Y_©Jwê$ nwÝhm qhXwñWmZmV naVbo hmoVo. \$mXa _moÝVoam|Mo _mJ©Xe©H$ Am{U Jwé Agbobo \$mXa Om{H$`ahr amhmË`mhÿZ Amnbr H$_©^y_r Agboë`m _mirKmoJaJmdmV naV Ambo hmoVo. Amnë`m JwéÀ`mM hmVmImbr H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr \$mXa _moÝVoam|Zm {_imbr. Ë`mZ§Va \$mXa _moÝVoamo `m§Zr ~moaga `oWo Am{U A_amdVr `oWohr H$m`© Hobo.

`mM H$mimV Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb Am{U _amR>dmS>çmVrb nydm©l_rMm Añn¥í` Agbobm _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mO g§KQ>rV hmoD$Z amIrd OmJm Am{U BVa gdbVr§Mr _mJUr H$é bmJbm hmoVm. gZ 1952 _Ü`o d¡Omnya VmbwŠ`mVrb dmhoJmd _m§Oar `oWo \$mXa _moÝVoamo `m§À`m nwT>mH$mamZo Zì`mZoM ñWmnZ Pmboë`m H°Wmo{bH$ g§KmMo A{YdoeZ ^adÊ`mV Ambo. _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m àJVrgmR>r {_eZè`m§Zr B§JOr _mÜ`_mÀ`m emim gwê$ H$amì`mV Aerhr _mJUr `m A{YdoeZmV H$aÊ`mV Ambr. Ë`mH$mimV _amR>dmS>çmVrb {_eZH|$ÝÐo ZmJnyaÀ`m {~enm§À`m AIË`marV hmoVr. Ë`m§Mr nadmZJr KoD$Z \$mXa _moÝVoamo `m§À`m à`ËZm§Zr Am¡a§Jm~mX `oWo {bQ>b âbm°da ñHy$b hr emim gwê$ Pmbr. AemàH$mao _hmamï´>mVrb X{bV g_mOmVyZ Amboë`m Zd{¼ñVr g_mOmgmR>r n{hë`md{hë`m B§J«Or _mÜ`_mÀ`m emioMr _whÿV©_oT> amodbr Jobr. Am¡a§Jm~mXbm ~Xbr Pmë`mZ§Va `m emioMm ^¸$_ nm`m Ë`m§Zr V`ma Ho$bm. ZmJnya `oWrb g|Q> \$mpÝgg S>r goëg AnmoñVmo{bH$ ñHy$bMo aoŠQ>a åhUyZ H$mhr H$mi H$m_ Ho$ë`mZ§Va nwÝhm åhUOo 27 Owb¡ 1954 amoOr Vo nwÝhm KmoJaJmd `oWo naVbo. VoWrb {_eZ H|$ÐmMo à_wI \$mXa nrQ>a nm°b `m§À`mH$Sy>Z Ë`m§Zr `m J«m_rU ^mJmMr O~m~Xmar ñdrH$mabr.

_moÝVoamo \$mXam§Zr KmoJaJmdmV {_eZ H§$nmD§$S> ~m§Ybo. VoWo H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> Q´>oqZJ g|Q>a gwê$ Ho$bo. `m g|Q>a_YyZ à{ejU KoD$Z `m n[agam§Vrb bmoH$m§Mo gm_m{OH$ Am{U AmÜ`mpË_H$ à~moYZ H$aUmao AZoH$ {ejH$ V`ma Pmbo. _mñVa `m nXdrZo AmoiIbo OmUmè`m `m {e{jV _§S>itZr Amnë`m AS>mUr, AmVmn`ªV nyU©V: Cno{jV Agboë`m g_mOmMo ZoV¥Ëd Ho$bo. ~wdmOr nR>mao, _mñVa, _Zmoha {eZJmao _mñVa dJ¡ao Zmdo `m n[agam§Vrb n§MH«$moerV bmoH$m§Zm AmOhr n[aM`mMr AmhoV Vo Ë`m§Zr Ho$boë`m H$m_m_wioM. KmoJaJmdmVrb {_eZÀ`m g§V Omogo\$ àemioV {eHy$Z nwT>o AZoH$ Vê$U Y_©Jwê$ Pmbo. Am¡a§Jm~mX Y_©àm§VmÀ`m {d{dY Y_©J«m_m§Vrb Xodim§V Vo Y_©Jwê$ Am{U emim§Mo àmMm`©, {ejH$ dJ¡ao O~m~Xmè`m Vo gm§^miV AmhoV.

\$mXa _moÝVoamo `m§Zm 29 OmZodmar 1970 amoOr njKmVmÀ`m AmOmamZo {Iibo. `m amoJmer gmS>oZD$ df} gm_Zm Ho$ë`mZ§Va 18 OyZ 1979 aomOr _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb `m n{hë`m {_eZarMo {ZYZ Pmbo. Ë`m§À`m BÀN>oZwgma Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m Jwé§À`m åhUOo Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m H$~aonmerM {Ma{ZÐm XoÊ`mV Ambr. Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m g_mYrbm ^oQ> XoUmao ^m{dH$ `m _hmZ ào{fVmÀ`m na_{eî`mbmhr AmXam§Obr dmhVmV.

g§X^©:

1) Eg `y ~«m÷Uo, 'n{hbo \$i - ~m~m _w§ÝVoamo' '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, 1979 (nmZo 195 Vo 197) )

{dX^m©Vrb n{hbo nmMmaU - ~«Xa n°{Q´>H$ Vm`S>o

n°{Q´>H$ Vm`S>o `m§Mm {dX^m©V AMbnya `oWo 1894 gmbr OÝ_ Pmbm. nwVm~mB© Am{U ~{iam_ ho Ë`m§Mo AmB©d{S>b. µ\$mXa AZ}ñQ> WoìhZoQ> (E_EgE\$Eg) `m§Zr Ë`m§Mm 4 E{àb 1904 amoOr ~m{áñ_m Ho$bm hmoVm. AMbnya `oWrb H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> emioV {eH$ë`mZ§Va VoWrb {_eZ H|$ÐmV Ë`m§Zr H$mhr H$mi H$m_ Ho$bo. KmoJaJmd `oWo \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m hmVmImbr 1918 Vo 1925 `m H$mimV Ë`m§Zr {_eZ H$m`© Ho$bo. VoWo H$m_ H$aV AgVmZm Om{H$`a~m~m§à_mUo AmnUhr Y_©Jwê$ hmoD$Z bmoH$m§Mr godm H$amdr Ago Ë`m§Zm dmQ>bo. Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m CÎmoOZm_wio Ë`m§Zr 1924 gmbr E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoV XmIb hmoÊ`mgmR>r AO© Ho$bm.

n°{Q´>H$ `m§Zr ~«Xa hmoÊ`mMr BÀN>m ì`º$ Ho$br Voìhm Ë`mdoir E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoMo àm§Vm{YH$mar Agboë`m \$mXa Aë\$m°Ýg bm[admP `m§Zr g§ñWoMo gw{n[a`a OZab \$mXa Owëg H$mo_agZ `m§Zm `m g§X^m©V 27 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1924 amoOr nwT>rb nÌ {b{hbo hmoVo.:

''EH$m Vê$UmZo Amnë`m g§ñWoV ~«Xa åhUyZ {Xjm ñdrH$maÊ`mMr BÀN>m ì`º$ Ho$br Amho. \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Ë`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho. hm Vê$U _hma OmVrMm Amho. Vmo A§JmV YmoVa KmbVmo, _amR>r ~mobVmo Am{U H$mhr dmŠ` B§J«OrV ~moby eH$Vmo. Jobr AZoH$ df} Vmo KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmV H$m_ H$aVmo Amho. Ë`mÀ`m H$m_m{df`r gd©M OU g_mYmZr AmhoV.

_mÌ n°{Q´>H$ `m§Zm Amnë`m g§ñWoV ~«Xa hmoÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mdoirM àdoe XoÊ`m~m~V {~en H$m°nob `m§Mm {damoY Amho. ~«Xa hmoD$ BpÀN>Umè`m ñWm{ZH$ Vê$Um§Mr EH$ ñdV§Ì g§ñWm ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm EH$ g§H$ën hmoVm. `m g§ñWoVrb d«Xam§Zr qhXwñWmZr na§naoZwgma Amnbr OrdZe¡br Mmby R>odmdr, Amnë`m g§ñWoVrb BVa ~«Xam§À`m nmíVmË` OrdZe¡brMo Ë`m§Zr AZwH$aU H$ê$ Z`o Ago Ë`m§Mo _V Amho. _mÌ {~enm§Mo ho ñdßZ gmH$ma hmoUo AdKS> Amho, Ë`mMo H$maU åhUOo ~«Xa hmoÊ`mgmR>r CËgwH$ AgUmè`m `mo½` Am{U nmÌ C_oXdmam§Mr g§»`m IynM H$_r Amho. qhXwñWmZr ~«Xam§Mr g§ñWm ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ë`m§À`m `m g§H$ënmg Aem àH$mao hmoUmè`m {damoYm_wio {~enm§Mm n°{Q´>H$bm Amnë`m g§ñWoV XmIb H$aÊ`m~m~VMm {damoY H$_r Pmbm Amho. ''Vwåhmbm H$m` H$am`Mo Agob Vo H$am", Ago Ë`m§Zr _bm åhQ>bo Amho. Aem n[apñWVrV Amåhr n°{Q´>H$bm Amnë`m \$mÝg{bAZ g§ñWoV àdoe {Xbm Va Mmbob H$m?"'

`m nÌmMm AZwHy$b n[aUm_ Pmbm. à{VHy$b n[apñWVrMr AS>Wù`m§Mr hr e`ªV nma Ho$ë`mZ§Va n°{Q´>H$ E_EgE\$Eg `m g§ñWoV XmIb Pmbm. _hmamï´>mVrb Ë`mdoiÀ`m Añn¥í` g_mOmV gdm©V A{YH$ g§»`oZo Agboë`m _hma OmVrVrb EH$ Vê$U amo_Z H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©_hm_§S>imÀ`m Y_©Jwê§$À`m g§ñWoMm EH$ ^mJ Pmbm. Ë`mnydu, Mma df} AmYr `m g_mOmÀ`mM Omogo\$ _moÝVoamo `m§Zr 1922 gmbr E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoV Y_©Jwê$ hmoÊ`mgmR>r àdoe KoVbm hmoVm.

_moÝVoamo Am{U Vm`S>o `m§Mm \$mÝg{bAZ g§ñWoV g_mdoe hr EH$ AË`§V _moR>r _hÎdmMr gm_m{OH$ KQ>Zm åhUmdr bmJob. Cƒd{U©`m§Zr {PS>H$maboë`m, JmdHw$gm~mhoa hmH$bboë`m Am{U Xodim§Vhr àdoe ZmH$maboë`m ñWm{ZH$ Añn¥í` g_mOmÀ`m VgoM OmJ{VH$ {¼ñVr Y_©g§ñWoÀ`m B{VhmgmVrb hr Z¸$sM EH$ _moR>r Eo{Vhm{gH$ KQ>Zm hmoVr. Jmoè`m dUm©Mo OmJ{VH$ nmVirda à^wËd AgVmZm H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©_hm_§S>imV H$mù`m dUm©À`m ì`º$sMr Y_©Jwê$nXmgmR>r dm {~ennXmgmR>r {ZdS> Pmbr `mbm {OVHo$ _hÎd Amho, {VVHo$M `m KQ>Zoghr _hÎd Amho. Ë`mH$mimV àM{bV Agbobr dU©ì`dñWm dm d§edmX PwH$mê$Z XoUo OdiOdi AeŠ` hmoVo.

nwT>rb H$mhr XeH$m§À`m H$mimV _hmamï´>mVrb Añn¥í` g_mOmVrb AZoH$ bmoH$m§Zr Ë`m§À`mda bmXbobo X{bVËd PwS>H$mdyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r {¼ñVr Y_m©Mm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm. AmO `mM g_mOmVrb AZoH$OU {¼ñVr Y_©Jwê$ åhUyZ _Ü` _hmamï´>mV, _amR>dmS>çmV Am{U {dX^m©V H$m_ H$aV AmhoV.

\$mÝg{bAZ g§ñWoÀ`m {demImnÅ>U_ `oWrb _R>mV C_oXdma åhUyZ n°{Q´>H$ `m§Zr 31 _mM© 1926 amoOr àdoe Ho$bm. ~«Xa åhUyZ d«V~§Y ñdrH$maë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m Jwê§$~amo~a, Om{H$`a~m~m§~amo~a KmoJaJmdmV 1943 n`ªV `m {_eZ H|$ÐmV H$m_ Ho$bo. nwT>o ZmJnwamVrb g|Q> Om°Z hm`ñHy$b_Ü`o Am{U Q>opŠZH$b ñHy$b_Ü`o Amnë`m Am`wî`mÀ`m AIoan`ªV ~«Xa n°{Q´>H$ Vm`S>o `m§Zr godm Ho$br. d`mÀ`m 91ì`m dfu åhUOo 1985 gmbr Ë`m§Mo {ZYZ Pmbo.

g§X^©:

1) Eg `w ~«m÷Uo, 'n{hbo \$i - ~m~m _w§ÝVoamo' '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, 1979 (nmZo 195 Vo 197)

Fr Jacquierbaba presented a scroll of honour

KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m (Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ

19) Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm JmdH$è`m§H$Sy>Z _mZnÌ

Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m Jwé{XjoÀ`m nÝZmgmì`m dYm©nZm{Z{_Îm `m n[agamVrb bmoH$m§Zr 3 {S>g|~a 1940 amoOr _moR>m gU gmOam H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm _mZnÌ XoD$Z Ë`m§À`m `moJXmZm~Ôb H¥$VkVm ì`º$ Ho$br hmoVr. `m àg§JmMm d¥Îmm§V '{Zamoß`m'À`m 1941 À`m \o$~«wdmarÀ`m A§H$mV à{gÕ Pmbm hmoVm.

Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m Jwé{XjoMm nÞmgmdm dYm©nZ{XZ

KmoJaJmd `oWo Joë`m {Sg|~a Vm. 3 , EH$ bjmV dmQ>Ê`mOmoJm g_ma§^ Pmbm. Var ho Jmd Hw$R>o Amho ho nwîH$i dmMH$m§Zm R>mD$H$ Zgë`m_wio Ë`mMo WmoS>ogo dU©Z H$amdo bmJVo. Ah_XZJanmgyZ gw_mao nÝZmg _¡bm§À`m A§Vamda, CÎmaoH$S>rb {ZOm_À`m g§ñWmZm_Ü`o EH$ bhmZ Jmd Amho. nÝZmg dfmªnydu Ë`mMo Zmd XoIrb _mhrV ZìhVo, Ë`mbm Ë`m doir H$moëøm§Mr dñVr åhQ>bo Var Ë`m§V H$mhrM An_mZ dmQ>V Zmhr. nU AmVm Ah_XZJa d Zm{eH$ `m XmoZ {Oëøm§_Ü`o gd© H$°Wmo{bH$ {¼ñVr bmoH$m§Zm ho Jm§d _mhrV Amho. ZmJnya Am{U nwUo `m XmoZ _moR>çm eham§n`ªV Ë`mMr H$sVu Ambobr Amho. H$moUr ZJanmgyZ `oD$Z JmoXmdar ZXrVyZ nma Jobo Va Ë`mbm bm§~yZ EH$ \$ma C§M XoD$i {XgVo. `wamo{n`Z Agbo Va Ë`mbm AmnmoAmn g_mYmZ dmQ>ob, H$maU Ë`mbm Amnë`m OÝ_JmdmMr AmR>dU `oB©b d {dbm`Vr {¼ñVr Jmd EH$mEH$s Ë`mÀ`m Ñï>rnwT>o CËnÝZ Pmbobo Amho Ago Ë`mbm dmQ>ob.

`mM KmoJaJmdm§_Ü`o EH$ _moR>r Á`w{~br hmoUma hmoVr. Á`m{H$`o \$mXa Jwéñdm_r Pmbo, Ë`m§Mm nÞmgmdm dmT>{Xdg Odi Ambm hmoVm. åhUyZ gd© {_eZm§_Ü`o gd© bmoH$ bhmZ Wmoa `m Á`w{~brMr V`mar H$aV am{hbo. \$mXadmS>rV {deofH$ê$Z _moR>r hmbMmb CS>mbr. \$mXa {S>_obmo am̧{Xdg OmJo am{hbo. bmoH$m§Zm Am_§ÌU H$aUo, Á`w{~brg§~§Yr _mñVa bmoH$m§Zm Amnmnbo H$m`© dmQ>{dUo, emioÀ`m _wbm§g doJdoJù`m gyMZm XoUo, ZmQ>H$ V`ma H$aUo ho gd© H$moUr Ho$bo, {S>_obmo \$mXaZo.

gm_m{OH$ OodUm§dmMyZ qhXwñWmZmV _moR>m g_ma§^ hmoVmo H$m`? ZmhrM. H$maU XwX£dmZo _mZd AmËå`mbm EH$ OS> , AZoH$ ì`º$s¨_Ü`o EH$ OmS> d ImXmS> eara OmoS>bobo AgVo. Ë`mÀ`m JaOm ^anya Va H$moU nwadUma Amho, nm{ÌH$ ~«Xa. nm{ÌH$ H$moU, Vmo KmoJaJmd {_eZMm haH$m_r, emioMm hoS>_mñVa, b½Zdmë`m§Mm {ejH$, ñd`§nmŠ`m§Mm XoIaoI H$aUmam, KmoS>çmdmbm, JmS>rdmbm `m§Mm _mbH$, {_eZ-eoVH$è`m§Mm MmbH$, Ë`m§À`m{edm` KmoJaJmd {_eZ H$pënVm `oV Zmhr. Ë`m§Zm n{hë`m doiog nm{hë`m~amo~a gwê$ Pmboë`m _moQ>ma-BÝOrZmMr H$ënZm _mÂ`m _ZmV Ambr. hoM ~«Xa nm{ÌH$. Ë`m§À`m hþHw$_mZo JmoS>JmoS> AmoPo dmhUmè`m JmS>çm§Mm g_wXm` \$mXam§À`m ~§Jë`mg_moa C^m hmoVmo. nm{ÌH$ ~«XaMo ImobrV JwimMm S>m|Ja {Z_m©U hmoV Amho, Ë`m§À`mnwT>o Ë`mMo amoS>Ho$ ê$n Odi Zmhrgo hmoVo. `m JmoS>rMr {dnwbVm n§Yam {_{ZQ>m§V nmoQ>mÀ`m gmJamV ~wSy>Z OmB©b. Á`m{H$`o \$mXa _m`miy AmËå`mà_mUo àH$m{eV Vm|S>mZo d em§V _ZmZo Amnë`m boH$am§Mr JS>~S> nmhVmV.

Á`w{~brÀ`m AmXë`m {Xder \$mXadmS>r gUmMm nmoemI YmaU H$aVo. MmohmoH$Sy>Z H$mnS>r d H$mJXr {ZemUo dmè`mZo \$S>H$VmV. hiyhiy ~mhoaJmdm§À`m _§S>ù`m dmS>r_Ü`o nmohmoMVmV. XodimV XwnmanmgyZ g§Ü`mH$min`ªV ~arM _§S>ir àm`píMÎm gmH«$m_|V KoVo. hr gdmªH$Sy>Z g_ma§^mMr CÎm_ V`mar Amho. {VOH$Sy>Z nwîH$i AmpË_H$ \$m`Xm {_iVmo. 6 dmOVm g§Ü`mH$mir {VKo \$mXa `oVmV. Ë`mnoH$s XmoZ nydu Á`m{H$`o \$mXaMo A{gñQ>§Q> hmoVo åhUyZ Vo nmhÿZ Ë`m§Zm A{VAmZ§X dmQ>Vmo. 9 dmOVm g_ma§^mMr gwê$dmV hmoVo. gd© \$mXa Am{U bmoH$ _¥X§Jm§À`m AmdmOm_Ü`o XodimnwT>o O_m hmoVmV. n{hbr ~m~ åhUOo A{Zdm`© _mZnÌ. gd© bmoH$ Amnë`m JwéMr ñVwVr EoH$m`bm _moR>çm CËH§$Q>oZo dmQ> nmhÿZ ~gVmV. _¥Xw§JmMm d Q>mim§Mm AmdmO gwê$ Pmë`m~amo~a Jßnm ~§X H$ê$Z gd© bmoH$ Amnbo S>moio H$mZ Ë`mH$S>o bm{dVmV. ^OZmV EdT>o AmíM`©H$maH$ gm_Ï`© AgVo. _mZnÌ, Oa EImÚm _moR>çm n§{S>VmZo Vo Eo{H$bo AgVo Va Ë`mbm _moR>o g_mYmZ Pmbo AgVo H$s _amR>r ^mfoV gmYmaU Jmoï>r AgmYmaU, _moR>çm Am{U C§M eãXm§Zr {H$Vr CÎm_ arVrZo ñnï> H$aVm `oVmV. \$mXaMo CÎma gmÜ`m ^mfoV AgyZ gdmªbm EH$X_ H$iyZ MwH$bo. Ë`m§Zr gd© AmXa B©ídamH$S>o bm{dbm Am{U Amnë`m Ym{_©H$ {ejUm_Ü`o bhmZnUmnmgyZ Amnë`m AmB©Zo _w»` ^mJ KoVbm ho H¥$VkVoZo H$~yb H$obo. _hmamï´>mV ~m`m Amnë`m boH$am§Mo Ym{_©H$ {ejU H$arV ZmhrV Vmon`ªV {¼ñVrnUm Imob OmUma Zmhr. ho bmoH$m§À`m _ZmV R>gdyZ R>odyZ Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m _wbrÀ`m {ejUmH$S>o A{YH$ bj bmdmd`mg Ë`m§Zr gwM{dbo. Z§Va ES>_§X H°$på``Z `m§Mo ZmQ>H$ gwê$ Pmbo. nU nmdgmMo WmoS>o W§o~ Amë`m_wio Oam JS>~S> CËnÝZ Pmbr Am{U ZmQ>H$dmë`m§À`m l_mg `mo½` _mob {_imbo Zmhr.

Vm. 3 Á`m{H$`o \$mXam§Zr _moR>r {_ñgm An©U Ho$br Am{U gdmªMr àmW©Zm d ñdV:Mo CnH$ma B©ídamnwT>o R>o{dbo. \$mXa Jo~Q>© Amnë`m _§S>it~amo~a {_ñgoMr Jm`Zo H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr ghO EH$m _moR>çm XodimÀ`m Jm`Z_§S>ir~amo~a MT>mAmoT> Ho$br AgVr. Jm°Zgmëdog \$mXaZo CnXoe H$ê$Z bmoH$m§da Á`m{H$`o \$mXaH$Sy>Z B©ídamZo Ho$dT>o _moR>o CnH$ma Ho$bo ho ñnï>nUo gdmªZm XmI{dbo. {_ñgo_Ü`o gw. 600 bmoH$m§Zr {¼ñVeara gmH«$_|V KoVbo.

`m Á`w{~brH$Sy>Z {¼ñVr Am{U \$mXa bmoH$m§Mm A{YH$ {ZH$Q> g§~§Y OS>bm d gdmªMm AmÜ`mpË_H$ bm^ Pmbm hr Va AmZ§XmMr ~mV_r Amho.''

g§X^©:

1) {Zamoß`m _m{gH$, \o$~«wdmar 1941 (nmZ 170, 171) 

Fr Jacquierbaba in his old age

KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m (Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ

18) CVmad`mVrb {_eZ H$m`©

\$mXa Om{H$`a \$mÝghÿZ qhXwñWmZmV naVë`mZ§Va E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoÀ`m A{YH$mè`m§Zr Ë`m§Mr nwÝhm EH$Xm KmoJaJmdmV Zo_UyH$ Ho$br. gZ 1929 À`m \o$~«wdmarV Amnë`m KmoJaJmdr Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr 'nwZ:íM har Amo_' åhUV _moR>çm CËgmhmZo Amnbo {_eZ H$m`© gwê$ Ho$bo. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§À`m Am`wî`mÀ`m AIoan`ªV Ë`m§À`m g§ñWoÀ`m A{YH$mè`m§Zr Ë`m§Mr BVaÌ Hw$R>ohr ~Xbr Ho$br Zmhr. Omon`©§V Ë`m§À`m earamZo Ë`m§Zm gmW {Xbr Vmon`ªV Om{H$`a~m~m H$ï> H$aV amhrbo. KmoJaJmdmV Ë`m§Zr amodboë`m ~rOmMo amonQ>çmV Am{U Z§Va dQ>d¥jmV ê$nm§Va Pmë`mMo nmhÊ`mMo ^m½` Ë`m§Zm bm^bo. `m dQ>d¥jmMm ngmam Ë`m§À`m h`mVrV KmoJaJmd, dmhoJmd, J§Jmnya, ~moaga, H$ÞS>, d¡Omnya Am{U bmohJmd-{~S>H$sZ dJ¡ao n[agamn`ªV ngabm hmoVm.

gZ 1931 _Ü`o \$mXa nrQ>a E_ \$ZmªS>rg ho Zì`mZoM {Xjm ñdrH$mabobo Y_©Jwê$ \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo ghm`H$ åhUyZ éOy Pmbo. am\$m`b ZmWy {eZJmao `m KmoJaJmdmVrb Am{U _amR>dmS>çmVrb n{hë`m H°$Wmo{bH$ ì`º$sMo 12 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1931 amoOr {ZYZ Pmbo. Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb diU JmdMo OmdB© Agboë`m am\$m`b `m§À`mM nwT>mH$mam_wio diU `oWo ê$Oboë`m {¼ñVr Y_m©À`m amonQ>çmMo ~rO _amR>dmS>çmV AmUÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m_wioM {ZOm_ amOdQ>rVrb _amR>dmS>çmVrb n{hbo H°$Wmo{bH$ {_eZ H|$Ð KmoJaJmdmV 1892 _Ü`o gwê$ Pmbo hmoVo. Ë`mZ§Va KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmVrb _w»` H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> åhUyZ \$mXa Om{H$`a Am{U BVa Y_©Jwê$§À`m hmVmImbr Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ df} H$m_ Ho$bo hmoVo.

nwÊ`mMo AmM©{~en hoZ«r S>mo[a¨J `m§Zr 8 OmZodmar 1933 amoOr KmoJaJmdbm ^oQ> {Xbr. ZmJnyaMo {~en H$m°nob AmOmar Agë`mZo ÑT>rH$aU gm§H«$m_|V XoÊ`mgmR>r nwÊ`mÀ`m AmM©{~enm§Zm ~mobmdÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. JmdmÀ`m doernmerM AmM©{~en S>mo[a¨J `m§Mo \$mXa \$m°aob, \$mXa Á`mo \$ZmªS>rg, H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> emioÀ`m à{ejUmWvZr Am{U O_boë`m {¼íMZm§Zr CËgmhmZo ñdmJV Ho$bo. Ë`m g§Ü`mH$mir {~enm§À`m CnpñWVrV _amR>r ZmQ>H$ gmXa H$aÊ`mV Ambo. nwÊ`mVrb 'ñZohgXZ' `oWyZ `oeyg§Kr`m§V\}$ AmOhr à{gÜX hmoUmè`m '{Zamoß`m' `m _amR>r _m{gH$mMo AmM©{~en ho g§ñWmnH$-g§nmXH$. ho _m{gH$ Ë`m§Zr 1903 À`m E{àb _{hÝ`mV amhþarOdirb H|$Xi-diU `oWo gwê$ Ho$bo hmoVo. diU `oWo 12 df} {_eZ H$m`© Ho$boë`m AmM©{~en S>mo[a¨J `m§Mo _amR>r ^mfoda Mm§JboM à^wËd hmoVo.<sup>1</sup> Xwgè`m {Xder gH$mir Pmboë`m _moR>çm {_ñgoV 200 ì`º$s¨Zm ÑT>rH$aU gm§H«$m_}Îm XoÊ`mV Ambo. Z§Va 10 OmZodmarbm ~moaga `oWo OmD$Z AmM©{~enm§Zr 180 OUm§Zm ÔT>rH$aU {Xbo. Ë`mdoir 74 df} d` Agbobo AmM©{~en S>mo[a¨J Voìhmhr Mm§JboM g{H«$` hmoVo.

\$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr gZ 1933 AmUIr VrZ Jmdm§V {_eZ H$m`© gwê$ H$obo. Vmon`ªV KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmÀ`m AIË`m[aV 60 Jmdm§Mm g_mdoe Pmbm hmoVm. `m Jmdm§Vrb bmoH$m§Mr AmÜ`mpË_H$ Am{U e¡j{UH$ O~m~Xmar 21 _mñVa Am{U ghm H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> gm§^miV hmoVo.

H$m°bè`mÀ`m gmWr_wio 1933 gmbr \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm KmoJaJmdmVrb H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> emim H$mhr _{hZo ~§X H$aUo ^mJ nS>bo. KmoJaJmd Am{U ~moaga `oWrb H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> emim Ë`m H$mimVrb `m n[agamVrb CÀM {ejUmMr H|$Ðo hmoVr Ago {XgVo. AmOy~mOyÀ`m JmdmVrb hþema _wbm§Zr `m emim§V {eH$mdo Aer nmbH$m§Mr Anojm Ago. 1933 À`m _o _{hÝ`mV \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Amnë`m {_eZ H|$ÐmVrb 1015 do b½Z bmdbo Ago Ë`m§Zr ñdV: {bhÿZ R>odbo Amho. ñWm{ZH$ _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb n{hbo Y_©Jwê$ \$mXa Omogo\$ _m|Voamo Am{U ~«Xa n°{Q´>H$ Vm`S>o Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m _XVrbm hmoVo.

gZ 1935 gmbr \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr {b{hbo : ''28 Am°ŠQ>mo~a Vo 2 Zmoìh|~a `m H$mimV KmoJaJmdmV Vn Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Ambo. {_eZmVrb H°$Q>o{H$ñQ>, Ë`m§À`m nËZr, H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> emioMo [dÚmWu Am{U BVa {¼íMZm§Zr VnmV ^mJ KoVbm. `mdoir 300 OUm§Zr n{dÌ H$å`w{Z`Z ñdrH$mabo. {¼ñVamOm _§{XamV AmVm g|Q> [\$bmo{_Zm Am{U ~mi `oeyMr g§V VoaoOm `m§Mo nwVio C^maÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV. Vn Mmby AgVmZm OmoaXma nmdgm_wio XodimÀ`m N>VmVyZ nmÊ`mMr JiVr hmoV hmoVr. Ë`m_wio 335 én`o IM© H$ê$Z _bm qPH$ nÍ`m§Mo N>V C^mamdo bmJbo. {~enm§Mr {VOmoar AmVm nyU© [aH$m_r Pmbr Amho Am{U _bm Va n¡em§Mr IynM JaO Amho.''

Am°JñQ> 1936 _Ü`o Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr {b{hbo Amho : nmdgmMr AOyZhr H$mhr {MÝho {XgV ZmhrV. nmD$g Zmhr Va {nHo$hr ZmhrV. {H$VrVar Hw$Qw>§~m§Zr XwgarH$S>o ñWbm§Va H$aÊ`mAmYr _mPr ^oQ> KoD$Z Amerdm©X KoVbm Amho. amoOJmamgmR>r Jmd gmoS>VmZm Amnbr _wbo~mio ^wHo$_wio _ê$ Z`oV åhUyZ `m _wbm§Zm _r Amnë`m ~mo{S>ªJ_Ü`o R>odmdo Aer Vo _bm {dZ§Vr H$aVmV. Ë`m§Mr hr {dZ§Vr YwS>H$mdyZ bmdUo _bm Va eŠ`M Zmhr. nU Ë`m_wio _mÂ`m X¡Z§{XZ IMm©V àM§S> dmT> hmoUma Amho. Am_À`m eoVmMr AË`§V dmB©Q> AdñWm Pmbr Amho. `mdfu nmdgmA^mdr Amåhm§bm noaUr H$aUogwÕm eŠ` Pmbo Zmhr. gZ 1936 _Ü`o KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmV 448 ~m{áñ_o H$aÊ`mV Ambo Am{U 94 b½Zo bmdÊ`mV Ambr. Am_À`m `oWrb ñQ>m\$_Ü`o VrZ Y_©Jwê$, EH$ ~«Xa, 24 _mñVa Am{U 11 H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> AmhoV.''

gZ 1937 À`m OmZodmarV Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr J§Jmnya JmdmV 125 OUm§Zm ~m{áñ_m ñZmZg§ñH$ma {Xbm. J§Jmnya `oWo 200 én`o IM©yZ M°nob ~m§YÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm BamXm hmoVm.

Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr {_eZ H$m`© gwê$ H$ê$Z nmM XeH$m§Mm H$mbmdYr Amobm§S>bm hmoVm. AmVm Ë`m§Zr d`mMr gÎmar nma Ho$br hmoVr. earamZo Vo WH$V Mmbbo hmoVo Var H$m_ H$aÊ`mMm, Zdo àH$ën Am{U g§H$ën hmVr KoÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm CËgmh _mÌ AOyZhr H$m`_ hmoVm. gÎmar Amobm§S>ë`mZ§Va 1938 gmbr Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr {b{hbo hmoVo: ''KmoJaJmd {_eZmÀ`m nyd© ^mJmÀ`m AmR> {Xdgm§À`m Xm¡è`mdéZ _r ZwH$VmM naVbmo Amho. gwaio Am{U nwaUJmd `oWo _r nwÝhm EH$Xm emim gwê$ Ho$ë`m AmhoV. `m XmoÝhr Jmdm§V H°$Wmo{bH$m§Mr g§»`m àË`oH$s nÞmg Amho. Jobr drg df} `m XmoÝhr Jmdm§Vrb emim ~§X nS>ë`m hmoË`m. AbrH$S>À`m H$mimV _oW{S>ñQ> {_eZatZr VoWo `oD$Z emim gwê$ H$aÊ`mMo AmídmgZ {Xbo hmoVo. Ë`m{edm` EH$ S>PZmda _wbm§Mm Vo ~m{áñ_mhr H$aUma hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m `m hmbMmbtMr bmoH$m§Zr _bm AJXr doioV H$ënZm {Xbr Am{U {_eZmnmgyZ Xwamdboë`m `m bmoH$m§Zm nwÝhm Amnë`m H$inmV amIÊ`mgmR>r _r YmdyZ Jobmo. gwaio `oWo _r 19 OUm§Zm ~m{áñ_m {Xbm. emioÀ`m _mñVam§gmR>r XmoZ Imoë`m ~m§YÊ`mgmR>r 100 én`o XoÊ`mMo {~enm§Zr _bm AmídmgZ {Xbo Amho. _mÌ `m _mñVam§À`m _m{gH$ nJmamgmR>r AmVm _bm {ZYr C^mamdm bmJUma Amho.''

Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo H$m`© Ho$di AmÜ`mpË_H$ joÌmnwaVo _`m©{XV ZìhVo. ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimV J«m_rU ^mJmVrb bmoH$m§À`m OrdZe¡brV gwYmaUm ìhmdr, Ë`m§À`m gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$ Am{U e¡j{UH$ {ñWVrMm XOm© C§Mmdm `mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ nmdbo CMbbr. Amnë`m {_eZ H|$ÐmÀ`m hÔrVrb AZoH$ Jmd§mV emim CKSy>Z Ë`m§Zr VoWrb {¼ñVr Am{U {~Ja{¼ñVr bmoH$m§Zm àJVrMr Xmao Iwbr H$ê$Z {Xbr. gmdH$mar_wio IoSy>Vm§Mr Am{W©H$ pñWVr ~a~mX hmoVo ho AmoiIyZ Ë`m§Zr bmoH$m§Zm gmdH$mamÀ`m nmemnmgyZ Xya R>odÊ`mgmR>r H$mhr Cnm` Ho$bo. `oeyg§Kr` Y_©Jwê§$V\}$ Mmb{dë`m OmUmè`m '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$mÀ`m 1940 À`m Zmoìh|~a A§H$mV à{gÕ Pmbobr nwT>rb ~mV_r à{gÜX Pmbr. hr ~mV_r Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m gm_m{OH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ joÌm§Vrb H$m_{Jar~Õb ~aoM H$mhr g§mJyZ OmVo.

dmhoJmdÀ`m n[afXoVrb R>amd

(KmoJaJmdÀ`m ~mV_rXmamH$Sy>Z)

'' _mJrb A§H$mV '{¼ñVr arV' `m _Wù`mImbr àË`oH$ JmdÀ`m _Zwî`m§Zr Amnbm Jmd H$moUË`mhr n{dÌmÀ`m Aml`mV XoD$Z Ë`màrË`W© gmH«$m_|V| d n.{_ñgm An©U H$ê$Z gU gmOam H$amdm, Aer gyMZm XoÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr. `m Jmoï>rbm AZwgê$Z KmoJaJmd hÔrVrb _m¡Oo dmhoJm§d øm {R>H$mUr Vm. 27 AmJñQ> 1940 Bgdr amoOr n. noÌwgmÀ`m Aml`mg XoD$Z _moR>çm g_ma§^mZo gU H$aÊ`mV Ambm, ho H$i{dÊ`mg _bm AË`mZ§X hmoV Amho.

hm Jmd BVa {¼ñVr Jmdm§nojm n{hë`m àVrMm AgyZ {¼ñVr Y_u Jmdm§V Vmo AJ«JÊ` Amho. bmoH$g§»`m Am{U Ym{_©H$ {ejUàVrÀ`m _mZmZo øm JmdmMr ~amo~ar Xwgè`mÀ`mZo H$adUma Zmhr Ago dmQ>Vo.

øm àg§JmH$[aVm JmdJmdm§Mr à_wI _§S>ir H$_r OmñV gw_mamZo 900, 1,000 O_br hmoVr. _m§Oar, ~JS>r, Om§~Jmd, am§OUJmd, A_iZoa, ^|S>mim, daIoS>, KmoJaJmd, _hmbJmd, qnniJmd, ZodaJmd, M§oSy>\$i, H$m`Jmd, J§Jmnya, KmUoJmd dJ¡ao dJ¡ao. gXa àg§Jr {¼ñVr n[afX ^a{dÊ`mV Ambr d øm n[afXoV Imbrb R>amd ~hþ_VmZo g§_V H$aÊ`mV Ambo.

VmbwH$m J§Jmnya Am{U VmbwH$m {dOmnya `mVrb àË`oH$ _m¡Á`mVrb _§S>irZo XmoZ én`on`ªV dJ©Ur H$amdr d Vr ao. ao. Or. Om{H$`a nmÐrgmho~ `m§À`m ñdmYrZ H$amdr. Ë`m gm§Mboë`m {ZYrVyZ Jar~ {dÚmÏ`mªZm _XV H$aÊ`mV `mdr. {edm` Or Jar~ _mUgo gmdH$mam§H$Sy>Z gdmB© {XT>rÀ`m ì`mOmZo H$O© H$mT>VmV, Ë`m§Zm `m n¡emVyZ Aën ì`mOmda EodO nmhÿZ H$O© {Xbo OmB©b. Z§Va n[afX {dgO©Z nmdbr. WmoS>çmM doimZo _§S>irbm OodUmg ~g{dbo. nmaIo _§S>irZo OodUmMr ì`dñWm Ho$br. \$maM CÎm_ àH$mao Ho$br. OodUImdU AmQ>monë`mda VoWrb JmdÀ`m VéUm§Zr _§S>itÀ`m H$a_UwH$sH$aVm '_moem g§{JV ZmQ>H$ OÝ_mnmgyZ Vo BñÌmEbm§Mr gwQ>H$m' `oWn`ªV H$ê$Z AmnUgwÕm g¡VmZmÀ`m Xmñ`mVyZ _wº$ ìhmdo Ago {eH${dbo. Z§Va amÌr 10/11 À`m gw_mamg JmdJmdÀ`m {¼ñVr _§S>irZo nmirnmirà_mUo {¼ñVr ^OZo åhUÊ`mg gwê$dmV Ho$br. Vr ^OZo _§S>irbm \ ma AmdS>br. ^OZo n. _mar`mMo J^©YmaU, {¼ñVmMm OÝ_, _aU, nwZéËWmZ, àm`píMÎm d {¼ñVeara gmH«$m_|Vo `m {df`mda hmoVr.

Xwgè`m {Xder n.{_ñgm EoHy$Z _§S>ir JmdmoJmd nm§Jbr. '' ²

g§X^© :

1) H$m{_b nmaIo, '{¼ñVr {_eZè`m§Mo `moJXmZ', àH$meH$, gw{ZVr àH$meZ, {dVaH$: gwJmdm àH$meZ, gXm{ed noR>, nwUo-30 (2003), ('{Zamoß`m'H$ma AmM©{~en hoZ«r S>mo[a¨J', nmZo 116 Vo 123)

2) '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, Zmoìh|~a 1940 ( nmZo 113 Am{U 114)

Jacquierbaba seeks an end to exploitation of tamasha artistes

KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m (Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ

17) V_mg{Jam§Mo b¢{JH$, gm_m{OH$ emofU Am{U Om{H$`a~m~m

EHo$H$mir _amR>r {MÌnQ>g¥ï>rV V_memàYmZ {MÌnQ>m§Mr bmQ> Ambr hmoVr. ìhr. em§Vmam_ `m§Zr {X½X{e©V Ho$boë`m 'qnOam' `m {MÌnQ>mMm Zm`H$ Agbobm AmXe© {ejH$ JmdmV Ambobm V_memMm Ioi ~§X nmS>Ê`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmo. S>m°. lram_ bmJy `m§Zr gmH$mabobm hm emim_mñVa V_memem¡{H$Zm§À`m {damoYmMr {\${H$a Z H$aVm Amnë`m Z¡{VH$ ~imda EH$Q>çmZo V_memMm a§JmV Ambobm Ioi ~§X nmS>Ê`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmo. _wimV V_mem hm EH$ AZ¡{VH$ àH$ma Amho Am{U Amnë`m JmdÀ`m bmoH$m§Zm Ë`mnmgyZ Xya R>odUo ho Amnbo Z¡{VH$ H$V©ì` Amho, `m g_OmnmoQ>r ho _mñVa V_mem ~§X nmS>Ê`mMr YS>nS> H$aV AgVmV. V_memVrb ZV©H$sÀ`m ào_mV nSy>Z `m _mñVam§Mo Z§Va Z¡{VH$ AY:nVZ hmoVo hr Jmoï> {Zamir. _mÌ V_mem{df`r g_mOmV H$m` à{V_m hmoVr ho 'qnOam'Vrb AmXe© _mñVam§À`m ^y{_Ho$VyZ ñnîQ> hmoVo.

Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb KmoJaJmdmV Am{U AmgnmgÀ`m n[agamVrb Añn¥í` bmoH$m§Zr V_memV H$m_ H$ê$ Z`o, V_memÀ`m \$S>mbm hOoar bmdy Z`o Agm \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mm AmJ«h hmoVm. Ë`m§À`m {damoYmg Z Ow_mZVm AmgnmgÀ`m EImÚm JmdmV V_memMm \$S> ^abm Va EoZ a§JmV Ambobm à`moJ Vo ~§X nmS>V AgV. V_mem `m bmoH$H$boMo OVZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r AmO {d{dY g§ñWm§V\}$ Am{U emgZmV\}$ à`ËZ Ho$bo OmV AmhoV. Joë`m eVH$mV `m {¼ñVr Y_©Jwê$Zo `m bmoH$H$bo{déÕ ^y{_H$m H$m KoVbr ho OmUyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r V_mem `m bmoH$H$boMo ñdê$n _m{hVr H$ê$Z KoVbo nm{hOo.

_mÂ`m bhmZnUr lram_nwamV AmR>dS>çmÀ`m ~mOmamÀ`m {Xder åhUOo ewH«$dmar ~mOmaVimnmerM V_memMo \$S> ^aV AgV. Am_À`m KamnmgyZ nmMeo _rQ>a A§Vamdarb _¡XmZmV V_memMo V§~y C^mabo OmV AgV. Á`oð> V_memH$bmd§V {dR>m~mB© ^mD$ _m§J Zmam`UJmdH$a, H$m§Vm~mB© gmVmaH$a Am{U Jwbm~~mB© g§J_ZoaH$a dJ¡a|À`m V_memÀ`m \$S>m§Mr {Xdg^a Mmbbobr Om{hamV Amåhr _wbo nmhmV Agy. _mÌ KamVrb dm eoOmanmOmamVrb Hw$Ur àm¡T>_§S>ir `m V_memÀ`m Ioimbm OmV ZgV. AmR>dS>çmÀ`m ~mOmambm `oUmao AmgnmgÀ`m IoS>çmnmS>çmVrb bmoH$M àm_w»`mZo `m bmoH$H$boMo Aml`XmVo AgV. Amåhm _wbm§Zm {gZo_mbm OmÊ`mg nadmZJr Ago. _mÌ EH$Xm Var V_mem hm H$m` àH$ma Agmdm `mMm AZw^d ¿`mdm Agm {dMmahr H$Yr _ZmV Ambm Zmhr, `mMo H$maU V_mem åhUOo EH$ Aíbrb H$m`©H«$_ Am{U Am§~Q>em¡H$sZ a{gH$m§Mo H$a_UwH$sMo gmYZ Agm gdmªMmM g_O hmoVm.

''V_mem H$boV Mmoanmdbm§Zr `oUmar AZ¡{VH$Vm hm Va qMVoMm {df` Amho. _hma, _m§J, Am{U H$moëhmQ>çmMr ~mB© ZmMdU§ Am{U n¡gm \o$Hy$Z {Vbm ZmJdU§ hr CÀMdUu` ga§Om_r _mZ{gH$Vm ~Xbbr Zmhr Va na§nam åhUyZ V_mem H$m {Q>H$dm`Mm, hmhr àíZ Amho,'' Ago V_mem H$boMo EH$ Aä`mgH$ S>m°. {_qbX H$g~o `m§Zr Amnë`m 'V_mem: H$bm Am{U H$bmd§V' `m nwñVH$mV {b{hbo Amho.¹

darb nwñVH$mÀ`m àñVmdZoVM V_mem joÌmMr AJXr OdiyZ AmoiI Agbobo A{^ZoVo {Ziy \w$bo `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho H$s ''_mJmg, Añn¥í` g_Oë`m OmUmè`m _hma, _m§J ,H$moëhmQ>r, Jmonmi AmXr OmVrMo H$bmH$ma V_memV OmñV AmhoV. Ë`m§ZrM hr H$bm {Q>H$dbr Amho. V_mem joÌmV H$O© hm EH$ _moR>m àíZ Amho. \$S>_mbH$ gmdH$mamH$Sy>Z H$O© KoVmV. V_memVbm H$bmH$ma \$S>_mbH$mH$Sy>Z H$O© KoVmV. AemàH$mao \$S>_mbH$ H$O©~mOmar, H$bmH$ma-H$m_Jma H$O©~mOmar, H$Om©da MmbUmam hm ì`dgm` Amho. H$Om©_wio H$moUrhr gwIr Zmhr. V_membm n¡go nwa{dUmao ~hþVoH$ gdU© AgVmV. V_memVrb ñÌr H$bmH$ma H$O©~mOmar Agob Am{U H$O© {\$Q>bo Zmhr Va {Vbm ^m§S>dbXmamÀ`m ñdmYrZ ìhmdo bmJVo. gVV Xm[aÐ`mV amhÿZhr ho H$bmH$ma V_membm H$m {MH$Qy>Z am{hbo Agm àíZ Zoho_r _mÂ`m _ZmV `oV Ago.'' H$Xm{MV V_mem H$bodarb ào_mnmoQ>rM hm dgm Ë`m§Zr ñdrH$mabm Agmdm, Ago Ë`m§Zr nwT>o åhQ>bo Amho.

ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va V_memda AíbrbVoMm Amamon Pmbm. Ë`m_wio _w§~B© amÁ`mMo _w»`_§Ìr ~mimgmho~ Ioa `m§Zr 1948 gmbr V_memda ~§Xr KmVbr Jobr. hr ~§Xr CR>mdr åhUyZ V_mem H$bmd§Vm§Zr à`ËZ Ho$bo. Ë`mdoir Ioa `§mZr _hm_hmonmÜ`m` XÎmmo dm_Z nmoVXma `m§À`m AÜ`jVoImbr V_mem gwYma g{_Vr Zo_br hmoVr. `m g{_VrZo V_memMo g§{H$Vm boIZ Am{U gmXarH$aUm~m~VrV H$mhr AQ>r KmVë`mZ§Va V_memdarb hr ~§Xr CR>dÊ`mV Ambr. V_memV Aíbrb g§dmX ZgmdoV, Xm¡bVOmXm H$aVmZm V_mgJra ZQ>rbm hmV bmdy Z`o dJ¡ao AQ>r bmdÊ`mV Amë`m.

nwUo {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m ndim nÇ>oamd~mnyamd gm{hË`, g§JrV, bmoH$H$bm AH°$S>o_r Am{U nmW\$mB§S>a B§Q>aZ°eZb `m g§ñWm§À`m dVrZo nwÊ`mV 2007 À`m Am°ŠQ>mo~amV V_mem _hmoËgd d H$m`©emim Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr.Ë`m{Z{_Îm àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m H$m`©H«$_n{ÌHo$V V_mem~Ôb _m{hVr {Xbr Amho. Ë`mZwgma V_mem eãX hm \$maerVyZ CXy©V Am{U CXy©VyZ _amR>rV Ambm Amho Ago {XgVo. V_mem hm àH$ma Á`m em{ham§Zr ê$T> Ho$bm Vmo emhra (emB©a hm _yi eãX) Aa~r ^mfoVyZ _amR>rV Ambm Amho. Ë`m_wio V_mem hm H$bmàH$ma _wgb_mZm§À`m à^mdmVyZ CX`mg Ambm Agmdm Ago H$mhr g§emoYH$m§Mo _V Amho. _hmamï´>mVrb OmJaU, Jm|Yi, ^méS>, b{iVo Am{U XemdVma `m bmoH$H$bm§Mmhr AWm©VM V_memda à^md Amho. gmYmaUV: V_mem hr bmoH$H$bm _hmamï´>mV _hma, _m§J, Jm|Yir, H$moëhmQ>r, S>m|~mar `m§À`mM hmVr am{hbr Ago `m n{ÌHo$Vhr ñnï> åhQ>bo Amho. C„oI Ho$boë`m `m gd© OmVr Añn¥í`, JmdHw$gm~mhoaÀ`m OmVrO_mVr. AWm©V `m bmoH$H$boMm AmñdmX KoUmao d n`m©`mZo `m H$bmH$mam§Mo {d{dY àH$mao b¢{JH$ emofU H$aUmao a{gH$OZ AWm©VM CƒdUu` hmoVo. V_memVrb órH$bmH$mam§Mo b¡{JH$ emofU H$aVmZm _mÌ `m H$bmdVm§Mr Añn¥í`Vm VodT>çmnwaVr ZOaoAmS> Ho$br OmV Ago ho {deof.

Amnë`m Xoem§V gd©M nma§n[aH$ ì`dgm` OmVtda AmYm[aV AmhoV Am{U gd© bmoH$H$bm§À`m ~m~VrVhr AerM n[apñWVr Amho. V_mem hr bmoH$H$bm àm_w»`mZo _hma Am{U _mV§J OmVrVrb bmoH$m§Zr {dH${gV Ho$br. `m Añn¥í` OmVrVrb _{hbm V_memV ZmMV Am{U JmV AgV Va nwéf_§S>ir T>mobH$r, VwUVwUo, _§{Oam, S>\$, hbJr, H$S> Am{U noQ>r hr g§JrVdmÚo dmO{dV AgV. Ë`mdê$Z `m bmoH$H$bobm Am{U {VÀ`mer g§~§{YV Agboë`m H$bmH$mam§Zm CÀMdUu`m§V H$m` à{Vð>m Ago `mMr H$ënZm H$aVm `oVo. V_memMm h§Jm_ nmdgmim Am{U eoVrMo H$m_o g§në`mZ§Va Xgam Vo Aj`V¥Vr`m `m H$mimV AgVmo. b½ZgamB©V dmO§Ìr H$m_, `mÌoÀ`m h§Jm_mV V_meo BË`mXrVhr _hma àm_w»`mZo AmT>iVmV.<sup>3</sup> _r bhmZ AgVmZm KmoJaJmdmV _mPo _m_o^mD$ b½ZgamB©V {nnmUr, T>mobH$s dJ¡ao dmÚo dmOdV AgV ho _bm AmR>dVo. `m_mJMr H$maU_r_m§gm darb g§X^© dmMë`mZ§VaM _bm g_Obr. `mMm AW© dmÚoo dmO{dÊ`mMr H$bm Vo KamVrb Hw$UmH$Sy>Z qH$dm ZmVodmB©H$m§H$Sy>Z {eH$bo AgUma. Hw$Ur gm§Jmdo, H$Xm{MV _mÂ`m AmOmoimVrb _mPo H$mhr ZmVodmB©H$hr Ë`m§À`m VéUnUmV åhUOo \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m H$mimV V_memVhr PrbH$ar dm BVa H$m_o H$aV AgVrb.

Á`oð> H$dr Zmam`U gwd} `m§Zr AÊUm^mD$ gmR>o `m§À`mdarb 1969 gmbr {b{hboë`m EH$m boImV V_mem{df`r Ho$bobr {Q>nÊUrhr `m g§X^m©V nmhVm `oB©b. gwdo© åhUVmV : ''n§Mdrg dfm©§nydu V_mem hm eãX EImÚm Añn¥í`mgmaIm dmnabm OmB©. V_mem åhUOo gä` bmoH$m§Zr, {eï> bmoH$m§Zr, AJa nmoir~mitZr Z nmhmdm, Agm ZmQ>H$mMm EH$ àH$ma. Ë`mV ZmÀ`mnmoè`m AgVmo, Vmo KmUoaS>o d Aíbrb hmd^md H$aVmo. e¥§Jm[aH$ d MmdQ> JmUr åhUVmo, Ë`mZo gwg§ñH¥$V _mUgm§Mr A{^éMr {~KS>Vo. V_mem H$aUmao Añn¥í` AgVmV d Vmo nmhmUo nmn Amho hr àMbrV ^mdZm Ë`m H$mimV hmoVr.''

V_mem `m bmoH$H$boMo bmoH$ZmQ>çmV ê$nm§Va hmoÊ`mAmYr nma§n[aH$ V_memVrb H$bmH$mam§Mr OmVr{df`H$ nmíd©^y_r, pñÌH$bmH$mam§Mo b¢{JH$ emofU Am{U `m bmoH$H$boVrb à`moJm§Vrb g§dmX Am{U ZmMJmÊ`m§Vrb AíbrbVm dJ¡ao g§X^© Ü`mZmV KoVbo åhUOo Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr V_membm H$m {damoY Ho$bm ho g_OVo. '[n§Oam' {MÌnQ>mVrb AmXe© _mñVahr Z¡{VH$ Ñï>rH$moZmVyZM V_memÀ`m Ioimg {damoY H$aV AgVmV. _hmamï´>mMo {dÚ_mZ Cn_w»`_§Ìr Ama. Ama. nmQ>rb `m§Zr nwT>mH$ma KoD$Z _hmamï´> amÁ`mV {~`a~ma_Ü`o _{hbm§À`m ZmMJmÊ`m§da ~§Xr KmVbr Amho. Ë`m_mJohr pñÌ`m§À`m b¢{JH$ emofUmg Am{U AíbrbVog {damoY AerM Ë`m§Mr ^y{_H$m Amho.

\$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m g§X^m©V à{gÕ Pmboë`m Hw$R>ë`mhr {bImUmV Ë`m§Zr V_membm Ho$boë`m {damoYmMm C„oI _mÂ`m dmMÊ`mV H$Yr Ambm Zmhr. _mÂ`m AmB©-d{S>bm§Zr Am{U KmoJaJmdmVrb _mÂ`m _m_m§À`m g§^mfUmV _mÌ `m~m~VMr MMm© _r AZoH$Xm EoH$br Amho. em§ËdZ Am{U dm_Z {eZJmao `m _mÂ`m XmoZ _m_m§Zr Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m N>H$S>çmda JmS>rdmZ åhUyZ H$m_ Ho$bo hmoVo, Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr gm§{JVbobr _m{hVr `m~m~V {dídmgmh© _mZVm `oB©b.

\$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§{df`r KmoJaJmd n[agamV Añn¥í` {¼ñVr g_mOmV VgoM CÀMdUu` dJ¡ao _§S>irV _moR>m AmXa hmoVm. gaH$maXa~mar H$boŠQ>a Am{U VhgrbXma `m gma»`m A{YH$mè`m§er Am{U eoOmanmOmaÀ`m Jmdm§À`m nmQ>rb dJ¡ao _§S>iter Ë`m§Mo Iyn Mm§Jbo g§~§Y hmoVo. Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb d¡Omnya Am{U J§Jmnya VmbwŠ`m§Vrb AZoH$ Jmdm§Vrb Ë`m§À`m H$m_m§_wio, Ë`m§À`m {eñV{à` ñd^mdm_wio Ë`m§À`m {df`rMm EH$ àH$maMm Xamamhr Ago. CÀM{e{jV Am{U `wamo{n`Z Agë`mZo {~«{Q>e O_mÝ`mV gaH$maXa~margwÕm Ë`m§Mm dMH$ Ago. Ë`m_wio Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr Añn¥í`VmnmbZmgma»`m EImÚm A{Zï> dm AZ¡{VH$ gm_m{OH$ éT>rg {damoY Ho$bm Va Aemàg§Jr Ë`m§À`m {damoYmg OmÊ`mMr Hw$UmMr qh_V Zgm`Mr. Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr V_memÀ`m àWog {damoY Ho$bm Voìhmhr AgoM Pmbo AgUma.

KmoJaJmd Am{U AmgnmgÀ`m n[agamVrb _hma g_mOmVrb AZoH$ {¼ñVr ñÌr-nwéfhr Ë`mH$mimV V_memV H$bmH$ma åhUyZ H$m_ H$aV AgVrb `m{df`r e§H$mM Zmhr. V_memV ZmÀ`m qH$dm _mderMr ^y{_H$m H$aUmè`m nwéf ZQ>mbm bm§~ Ho$g amImdo bmJV Ago. `m J«m_rU ^mJmV AZoH$ df} amhÿZ `m bmoH$H$boMo EHy$U ñdê$n g_Oë`mZ§Va Hw$R>ë`mhr {¼ñVr Y_©Jwê$Zo Amnë`m Y_©J«m_mVrb {¼ñVr _{hbm§g V_memV ZmMÊ`mJmÊ`mnmgyZ namd¥Îm Ho$bo AgVo. {¼ñVr nwéf _§S>itZr V_memV Aíbrb ñdê$nmMr ZmMJmUr åhUy Z`o, ZmÀ`mMo H$m_ H$é Z`o `mgmR>r Ë`m§À`mdahr X~md AmUbm AgVm.Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr Va KmoJaJmd n[agamV Amnë`m Am`wî`mMr Mma XeHo$ Kmb{dbr. `m \o«§$M Y_©Jwê$Zo KmoJaJmdmV Amë`mZ§Va B§J«Or Am{U _amR>r ^mfm§da Mm§Jbo à^wËd {_idbo hmoVo. KmoJaJmdmVrb {¼ñVamOm _§{XamV Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ df} Zd{¼ñVr bmoH$m§Zm Vo _amR>r ^OZo, Jm`Zo {eH$dV AgV. V_membm Ë`m§Zr {damoY H$aÊ`mAmYr Ë`m§Zr `m bmoH$H$boÀ`m {d{dY A§Jm§Mm Aä`mg ZŠH$sM Ho$bm AgUma. KmoJaJmdÀ`m n§MH«$moerVrb JmdmVrb ~hþVoH$ Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gd© ì`º$s¨Zm Vo Mm§Jbo AmoiIV hmoVo. Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s AZoH$m§Zm Ë`m§Zr H$Yr Zm H$Yr _XV Ho$br hmoVr. Ë`m_wio EH$ ehmUr, OwUrOmUVr ì`º$s åhUyZ Amnë`m Y_©J«m_mVrb bmoH$m§Zm ehmUnUmMo H$mhr IS>o ~mob gwZmdÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm h¸$ gdmªZmM _mÝ` hmoVm.

\$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mm V_membm Agbobm H$S>dm {damoY nmhVm Vo KmoJaJmdmV AgVmZm `m bmoH$H$boMo à`moJ `m JmdmV Pmbo AgVrb `m{df`r XmQ> e§H$mM Amho. _mÌ AmgnmgÀ`m IoS>çm§V V_memMo Ioi hmoVM AgV. `mÌoÀ`m dm BVa Hw$R>ë`mhr {Z{_ÎmmZo V_memMo à`moJ Agbo åhUOo Ë`m JmdmVrb Am{U AmOy~mOyÀ`m n[agamVrb nwéf_§S>ir VoWo AmdOy©Z hOa amhmV AgV. V_memMo ho à`moJ amÌrM a§JV AgV. T>mobH$sÀ`m Am{U BVa nma§n[aH$ dmÚm§À`m Vmbmda V_mgJra _{hbm Am{U nwéf JmV Am{U ZmMV AgV. Aemdoir \$mXa Om{H$`a Amnbr KmoS>mJmS>r ~mhoa H$mTy>Z Ë`m AmdmOmÀ`m {XeoZo {ZKV. amÌrÀ`m doir ZXr qH$dm AmoT>o Amobm§Sy>Z V_memÀ`m OmJr Vo nmohmoMV AgV. Ë`m Añn¥í` ñÌr-nwéf H$bmH$mam§Zr V_memÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ hmoUmao Ë`m§Mo ñdV:Mo b¢{JH$ emofU amoImdo åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm CnXoe H$aV AgV. AZoH$Xm CnXoemEodOr Ë`m bmoH$m§Mr H$mZCKmS>UrM Ho$br OmV AgUma. V_memnWH$ _moJbmB© n[agamVrb Agbo Va Ë`mVrb ~hþVoH$ V_mgJra Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m Y_©J«m_mVrb {¼ñVr bmoH$M AgV.

V_memMm EoZ a§JmV Ambobm à`moJ AemàH$mao ~§X nmS>ë`mZ§Vahr ho V_mgJra XwgarH$S>o Hw$R>oVar V_memMo Ioi MmbyM R>odVrb åhUyZ \$mXa Om{H$`a Ë`m§Mr T>mobH$s, VwUVwUr, S>\$ dJ¡ao dmÚo Amnë`m Vmã`mV KoV AgV. H$bmd§{VUrÀ`m nm`mVrb Mma-nmM {H$bmo dOZmMo Kw§Jê$hr H$mTy>Z KoV. Ë`m{edm` nwéf H$bmH$mam§Zr ZmÀ`mMr qH$dm _mderMr ^y{_H$m H$é Z`o åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr bm§~ dmTdboë`m Ho$gm§Zmhr H$mÌr bmdV AgV.

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_hma-_m§J `m Añn¥í` OmVrVrb bmoH$m§gmR>r V_mem hr bmoH$H$bm Va CXa{Zdm©hmMo _w»` gmYZ hmoVo. g_mOmVrb `m gdm©{YH$ Cno{jV KQ>H$m§Mm Vm|S>Mm Kmg {hamdyZ KoÊ`mMm \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mm _wirM CÔoe ZìhVm. V_mem~m~V Om{H$`a~m~m§Mr ^y{_H$m g_mOgwYmaH$mMr hmoVr. Amnë`m Y_©J«m_mVrb Añn¥í` bmoH$m§À`m Am{W©H$ Am{U CÞVrgmR>r \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Am{U _moJbmB©Vrb qH$dm Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb BVa {_eZatZr AZoH$ àH$ën am~dbo hmoVo. bmoH$m§À`m AS>rAS>MUrÀ`m àg§Jr Vo YmdyZ OmV AgV. Amnë`m Y_©J«m_mVrb IoS>çm§Vrb _wbm§Zr gmja ìhmdo åhUyZ Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr AZoH$ Jmdm§V emim gwê$ Ho$ë`m hmoË`m. `m emim§V gd© OmVr-Y_mªÀ`m _wbm§Zm \w$H$Q> {ejU {Xbo OmV Ago. `m emim§À`m _mñVam§À`m {ZdmgñWmZm§Mm Am{U nJmamMm IM©hr \$mXa ñdV: CMbV AgV. V_memVrb H$m_ gmoS>bo Va `m bmoH$m§gmR>r CXa{Zdm©hmMr Xwgao n`m©`hr Ë`m§Zr CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbo hmoVo. KmoJaJmdmV gÜ`m Cä`m Agboë`m C§M {eIadOm {¼ñVamOm _§{XamMo H$m_ EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwê$dmVrÀ`m H$mimV drg df} Mmby hmoVo. `m ~m§YH$m_m_wio AmgnmgÀ`m AZoH$ gwVma, Jd§S>r Aem Hw$eb H$mam{Jam§Zm VgoM BVa AZoH$ AHw$eb H$m_Jmam§Zm AZoH$ df} amoOJma CnbãY Pmbm hmoVm. Om{H$`a~m~m§Mm V_membm Agbobm {damoY Am{U `m bmoH$H$boMo à`moJ ~§X nmS>Ê`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr Ho$bobm AmQ>m{nQ>m `mbm AWm©VM e§^a dfm©nyduÀ`m H$mimMm g§X^© Amho. Ë`mH$mimV pñÌ`m§Zr ZmQ>H$m§V dm {MÌnQ>m§V H$m_ H$aUogwÕm AZ¡{VH$ g_Obo OmB© Am{U Ë`m_wio AJXr ~mbJ§YdmªÀ`m H$mimn`ªV nwéfM pñÌ`m§À`m ^y{_H$m H$aV AgV. AmO emgZ Am{U {d{dY g§ñWm-g§KQ>Zm V_memgma»`m bmoH$H$bm§Mo OVZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$aV AmhoV. V_mem `m bmoH$H$boZo gmVmg_wÐmnma, nmpíM_mË` Xoemn`ªV _Ob _mabr Amho. _mÌ AOyZhr `m bmoH$H$boMm OmVr` g§X^© Zmhrgm Pmbobm Zmhr. ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va gmR> dfmªZ§Va, Añn¥í`Vm H$m`ÚmZo ~§X Pmë`mZ§Va AmOhr gaH$mar, {Z_gaH$mar Am{U ImgJr H$m`m©b`m§V g\$mB© H$m_Jma, ^§Jr, {enmB© dJ¡ao H$m_o nydm©l_rÀ`m Añn¥í` g_mOmVrbM bmoH$ H$aVmV. VgoM IoS>çmnmS>çm§V hmoUmè`m V_memVrb ~hþg§»` ñÌr-nwéf H$bmH$ma AmOhr _hma, _m§J, H$moëhmQ>r `m g_mOmVrbM AmhoV. 'AmOhr V_memV Jm`H$ åhUyZ _hma H$bmd§VmMr g§»`m OmñV à_mUmV Amho' Ago S>m°. H$g~o `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho.⁴ '`m bmoH$H$boer {ZJ{S>V Agbobo X{bV OmVt{df`H$ g§X^© AOyZhr nwgbo Jobobo ZmhrV. '~«m÷UmKar {bìhZ§, _hmamKar JmU Am{U _m§JmKar dmOdU§' Am{U '_hmamM§ JmU§ Am{U _m§JmM§ S>\$S>§' Aem åhUr àM{bV AmhoV. X{bV OmVt{df`H$ `m g§X^mª_wio Am{U BVahr H$mhr H$maUm§_wio {MÌnQ>g¥ï>rVrb Am{U a§J^y_rdarb ñÌr-nwéf H$bmH$mam§Zm h„r {_iUmar à{Vð>m, YZàmár Am{U ½b°_aMo db` V_mg{Jam§À`m Z{e~r AOyZVar Zmhr.

V_mgJra H$bmd§Vm§Mo hmoUmao b¡§{JH$, Am{W©H$ Am{U gm_m{OH$ emofU AmOhr nyU©V: ~§X Pmbobo Zmhr. ho emofU ~§X H$aÊ`mgmR>r V_memMo à`moJ ~§X H$aÊ`mMr _wirM Oéar Zmhr. _mÌ Vm|S>mbm a§J \$mgyZ a§J_§MmdéZ, N>moQ>çm dm _moR>çm nS>Úm§dê$Z àojH$m§Mo _Zmoa§OZ H$aUmè`m H$bmH$mam§À`m dmQ>çmbm `oUmao Am{W©H$ Am{U BVa bm^ X{bV g_mOmVrb `m bmoH$H$bmH$mam§Zmhr {_imdoV Aer _m\$H$ Anojm ~miJm`bm haH$V Zmhr.Amnë`m _wbm§Zr Amnbm ì`dgm` nwT>o Mmby R>odmdm Ago à{VW`e S>m°ŠQ>am§Zm, amOH$s` nwT>mè`m§Zm Am{U BVa H$mhr joÌm§Vrb bmoH$m§Zm dmQ>V AgVo. V_mem hr bmoH$H$bm åhUyZ {Q>Hy$Z amhm`bm hdr, Ago åhUUmè`m Am{U Ë`mÑï>rZo à`ËZ H$aUmè`m bmoH$m§Zmhr Amnë`m _wbm~mim§Zr `m joÌmV n¡gm Am{U Zmd H$_dmdo Ago _ZmnmgyZ dmQ>bo VaM `m bmoH$H$bobm IaoM g_mO_mÝ`Vm Am{U à{Vð>m àmßV Pmbr Ago åhUVm `oB©b. Z{OH$À`m H$mimV V_mg{Jam§À`m Z{e~r hr à{Vð>m Am{U gwI {_iÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Zgob Va ho H$bmH$ma V_membm H$m {MH$Qy>Z am{hbo Agm A{^ZoVo {Ziy \w$bo `m§Zm nS>bobm àíZ BVa Hw$Umbmhr nSy> eHo$b. Aem n[apñWVrV _J eVH$mnyduMo Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo Vo dV©Z IaoM g_W©Zr` hmoVo H$s H$m` Aerhr e§H$m EImÚmÀ`m S>moŠ`mV S>moH$mdy eHo$b.

g§X^© :

1) S>m°. {_qbX H$g~o, 'V_mem : H$bm Am{U H$bmd§V', gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo (2007 ) (nmZ 9)

2) darbà_mUo nmZ 29

3) {d. _. Xm§S>oH$a Am{U _. ^m OJVmn, '_hmamï´>mMr J«m_rU g_mOaMZm', àH$meH$: Y. am. JmS>Jri, JmoIbo AW©emó g§emoYZ g§ñWm, nwUo - 411 004 (1957), nmZ 20

4) Zmam`U gwd}, '_mUyg, H$bmd§V Am{U g_mO', nm°ß`wba àH$meZ, 35 gr, n§._mbdr` _mJ©, VmS>Xod, _w§~B© 400 034, (1992) (nmZ 68)

5) S>m°. {_qbX H$g~o, V_mem : H$bm Am{U H$bmd§V, (nmZ 51)

(nyd©à{gÜXr: 'gwJmdm' _m{gH$, nwUo, OmZodmar 2008 Am{U '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$ Owb¡ 2008)

Fr Jacquierbaba challenges untouchability custom

KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m

(Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ

16) Añn¥í`VoÀ`m àWog Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo AmìhmZ

{_eZatÀ`m gm{ÞÜ`mV Amë`mZo Am{U [¼ñVr Y_© ñdrH$maë`mZo X{bV g_mOmMr _mZ{gH$VmM ~XbyZ Jobr. gX¡d Ý`yZJ§S>mZo {nS>boë`m Am{U g_mOmV Zoho_rM Imb_mZoZo dmdaUmè`m `m Añn¥í` bmoH$m§V àW_M AmnU CÀMdUu` g_mOmMr Jwbm_{Jar PwS>H$mdyZ bmdy eH$Vmo Agm AmË_{dídmg {Z_m©U Pmbm. eVH$mZweVHo$ MmbV Ambobr hr Jwbm_{Jar ZmH$maÊ`mMo _mZ{gH$ ~i Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m _mJo I§~ranUo C^o Agboë`m Jmoè`m gmho~m§_wio Ambo hmoVo. Ah_XZJa, OmbZm Am{U Am¡a§Jm~mX {Oëøm§V H$m_ H$aUmao ~hþg§»` H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> {_eZar ho O_©Z, pñdËPbªS>, A_o[aH$m, \$mÝg dJ¡ao Xoem§VyZ Ambo hmoVo. Ë`m_Ü`o {~«Q>re ZmJ[aH$m§Mr g§»`m AË`§V ZJÊ` hmoVr. BVHo$M Zìho Va _hm`wÕmÀ`m H$mimV `mn¡H$s O_©Z ZmJ[aH$ Agboë`m {_eZatZm {~«{Q>e gaH$maZo Vwé§JmVhr Q>mH$bo hmoVo. Ago Agbo Var `oWrb bmoH$ `m gd© Jmoè`m H$mVS>rÀ`m naXoer {_eZatZm amÁ`H$V} {~«{Q>e bmoH$m§n¡H$sM g_OV AgV. `m gmho~m§À`m {déÕ OmÊ`mMr ghgm Hw$UmMr qh_V hmoV Zgo. H$maU X{bVm§da Pmboë`m Hw$R>ë`mhr gm_m{OH$ AÝ`m`m{déÕ hr {_eZar _§S>ir WoQ> gaH$ma Xa~mar XmX _mJyZ hm AÝ`m` Xya H$aV AgV.

{¼ñVr Pmë`mZ§Vahr ~hþg§»` Añn¥í`m§Mm _yiMm OrdZH«$_ ~Xbbm Zmhr. JmdmVbr _obobr T>moao CMbyZ Ý`m`Mr, `m T>moam§Mo _m§g Im`Mo, hmSw>bH$sMr O_rZ H$gm`Mr, JmdmVrb CÀMdUu`m§Zr gm§{JVbobr H$m_o H$am`Mr Am{U Ë`m~Xë`mV {_iob Ë`mda JwOamU H$am`Mr Agm Ë`m§Mm {XZH«$_ hmoVm. JmdmVrb daÀ`m OmVrMr _§S>ir Hw$R>ë`mhr jw„H$ H$maUmdê$Z Ë`m§Zm {edrJmi, _mahmU H$am`Mo. Agë`m AÝ`m`r dmJUwH$sMr Ë`m§Zm Zoho_rMrM gd` Agë`mZo Ë`m{déÕ CR>md H$amdm Ago Ë`m§À`m H$Yr _ZmVhr Ambo ZgVo. Hw$Ur Agm CR>md Ho$bm AgVm Va gJù`m JmdH$è`m§H$S>o Agboë`m ~{hîH$mamÀ`m AñÌm_wio Ë`m§Zm OJUo _wpîH$b Pmbo AgVo. {_eZatÀ`m AmJ_Zm_wio gX¡d Imbr _mZ KmbyZ Am{U Amnbo Vm|S> bndyZ MmbUmè`m `m _hma-_m§J JS>çm§À`m Am{U ~m`m§À`m nmR>rÀ`m H$Um§V hiyhiy ~i `oD$ bmJbo. H$m`_ Or gaH$ma, ìh` gaH$ma, Agm Kmof bmdUmar Ë`m§Mr Or^ _mÌ AmìhmZmMr ^mfm {eH$br Zmhr. \$mXa~mS>r dm {_eZ H§$nmD§$S>À`m n[agamV amhUmè`m `m g_mOmZo Hw$R>ë`mhr ñdê$nmÀ`m AmìhmZmV, g§Kfm©V dm MidirV ñdV:bm PmoHy$Z {Xbo Zmhr. {_eZatMo ~moQ> Yê$Z eŠ` hmoB©b Vr àJVr gmYÊ`mMm _mÌ `m g_mOmZo à`ËZ Ho$bm.

`wamonmVrb bmoH$m§Zm Jwbm_ Am{U Jwbm_{Jar ho eãX n[a{MV Agbo Var OmV Am{U Añn¥í`Vm `m g§H$ënZm g_OUo Vgo AdKS>M hmoVo. OÝ_V: Añn¥í`Vm Am{U Om{Vì`dñWm `m g§H$ënZm Am{U Ë`mMr eVH$mZweVHo$ H$mQ>oH$moa A§_b~OmdUr `m OJmÀ`m nmR>rda ^maVm{edm` BVaÌ Hw$R>ohr AmT>iV Zmhr. Ë`m_wio EImXr ì`º$s OÝ_V:M 'AZQ>Mo~b' Agy eH$Vo `mMo AmH$bZ H$aUo Ë`m§Zm {H$Vr AdKS> Jobo Agob `mMr AmnU Ho$di H$ënZmM H$ê$ eH$Vmo. g_mOmVrb AJXr ImbÀ`m nmVirdarb g_mOKQ>H$m§Zm _m`oZo Odi H$aUmè`m `m {_eZatZr `m bmoH$m§Zm _mZ{gH$, e¡j{UH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ ~i {_idyZ {Xbo. `m Añn¥í` bmoH$m§À`m _wbm§gmR>r g§J_Zoa, amhmVm, H|$Xi, KmoJaJmd, Am¡a§Jm~mX dJ¡ao n[agamV emim CKS>ë`m.

\$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m H$mimV _mÂ`m _m_mÀ`m ~m~VrV åhUOo gmYmaUV: 1930 À`m gw_mamg KS>boë`m `m KQ>ZoMo dU©Z _r _mÂ`m AmB©-d{S>bm§H$Sy>Z Am{U BVam§H$Sy>Z AZoH$Xm EoH$bo Amho. {_eZatZr Añn¥í` g_mOmg {H$Vr _mZ{gH$ ~i nwadbo `mMo ho EH$ AË`§V ~mobHo$ CXmhaU. EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mV naXoer {_eZatZr Añn¥í`VoÀ`m àWobm Aem àH$mao AZoH$Xm AmìhmZ {Xbo AgUma. Amnë`m VéUnUmV dm_Z_m_m \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mr KmoS>mJmS>r - N>H$S>m - MmbdV Ago. KmoJaJmd ho Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb d¡Omnya Am{U J§Jmnya VmbwŠ`m§À`m AJXr {edoda Agbobo Jmd. `m XmoZ VmbwŠ`m§Vrb _hmbJmd, dmhoJmd, daIoS> Am{U ~moaga `mgma»`m {d{dY IoS>çm§Zm ^oQ>r XoÊ`mgmR>r Om{H$`a~m~m OmV AgV, Voìhm Pw~Ho$Xma {_em§Mm VaUm~m§S> dm_Z {eZJmao hr KmoS>mJmS>r `m Jmdm§À`m doetVyZ _moR>çm PmoH$mV Xm¡S>drV ZoV Ago.

Ë`mH$mimV _hmamï´>mÀ`m BVa n[agam§à_mUoM _amR>dmS>çmVrb _hma-_mV§Jm§Zmhr gdUm©§er Hw$R>ë`mhr àH$mao ~amo~ar H$aÊ`mMr nadmZJr ZìhVr. Añn¥í`m§Zr Mm§Jbr H$nS>o Kmby Z`o, nm`VmU dmné Z`o, nm`VmU Agë`mg gdUm©§g_moa Vr H$mTy>Z ¿`mdrV Ago A{b{IV {Z`_ hmoVo. _hmam§Mm ZdaXod JmdmVyZ dm JmdÀ`m doerImbyZ KmoS>çmda ~gyZ dm dmOVJmOV ZoÊ`mg ~§Xr hmoVr. _hmamMo àoVhr JmdmVyZ ZoVm-AmUVm `oV Zgo.<sup>1</sup> ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimV Añn¥í` {¼ñVr bmoH$m§À`m gm_m{OH$ n[apñWVrda nwÊ`mÀ`m B½ZmVr gmido _mñVa `m§Zr '{Zamoß`m' `m _m{gH$mV 1944 gmbr EH$ boI_m{bH$m {b{hbr hmoVr. Añn¥í` g_mOmbm Odi H$aUmè`m `wamo{n`Z {¼ñVr Y_©Jwê$§Zmhr g_mOmVrb CÀMdUu` H$_©R> bmoH$m§À`m N>im§g Vm|S> Úmdo bmJo, Ago Ë`m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho. `m boImV EH$ dmŠ` Ago Amho :

''Am_Mo JmdmV Am_Mo _wbrMo b½ZmMo doir Vw_Mm Zdam Jmdm§VyZ KmoS>çmda ~gdyZ ZoD$ ZH$m, nm`r MmbV Ý`m. Am_Mo A{VH«$_U hmoVo `m g~~rda JmdH$è`m§Zr Am_Mm d Am_À`m Jwéñdm_tMm Ho$dT>m N>i Ho$bm ho nwîH$im§Zr g_j nm{hbo Amho.''²

Aer n[apñWVr AgVmZm d¡Omnya Am{U J§Jmnya VmbwŠ`m§Vrb AZoH$ Jmdm§Vrb MmdS>rda hOa Agboë`m daÀ`m OmVrVrb bmoH$m§À`m AJXr ZmH$mda {Q>ÀMyZ EH$m Vê$U _hmamZo KmoS>mJmS>rVyZ doerImbyZ Aer E§Q´>r ¿`mdr hr KQ>Zm Hw$Umhr gdUm©bm MrS> AmUUmar hmoVr.Añn¥í`m§Zr Amnbm gd© ì`dhma JmdHw$gm~mhoa, doerÀ`m nbrH$S>oM H$amdm, Ë`m§Zr JmdmV `mdo Vo Ho$di JmdH$sMr H$m_o H$aÊ`mgmR>rM Aer àWm hmoVr. `m àWoMo C„§KZ H$ê$Z AZoH$ Jmdm§À`m doerImbyZ KmoS>mJmS>rVyZ EH$m Añn¥í`mZo Xm¡S>V Omdo hm àH$maM gdUmªÀ`m Ñï>rZo _moR>m Y¸$mXm`H$ hmoVm.

JmdHw$gm~mhoaÀ`m _hmadmS>çmV amhUmè`m dm_ZMr hr {hå_V ìhmdr `mMm AZoH$m§Zm g§Vmn Ambm hmoVm. nU H$aUma H$m` ~mnS>o, dm_Z_m_m§À`m `m KmoS>mJmS>rV _mJo Y_©Jwê$§Mm Amnbm nm§T>amew^« PJm Am{U S>moŠ`mda h°Q> KmbyZ Agbobo Jmoè`m H$mVS>rMo Om{H$`agmho~ ~gbobo Agm`Mo. dm_Zbm `m~m~V IS>gmdbo AgVo Va N>H$S>çmV ~gbobo Jmoao gmho~ IdiVrb `mMr gdmªZmM H$ënZm hmoVr. _yiMo \|$M Agboë`m Om{H$`a~m~m§Mm KmoJaJmdÀ`m n§MH«$moerV EH$ àH$maMm Xamam hmoVm. bmoH$m§Zr ZmMJmÊ`m§À`m Am{U bmdUrÀ`m _mJo bmJy Z`o `mgmR>r Om{H$`agmho~ _Ü`amÌr AJXr a§JmV Ambobo V_memMo {H$Vr Var Ioi Ho$di EH$Q>çmZo ~§X nmS>V AgV `mMr bmoH$m§Zm H$ënZm hmoVr. _mÌ Añn¥í` dm_Zbm doerImbyZ KmoS>mJmS>rZo ZoÊ`mnmgyZ amoIUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo, ZmhrVa JmdmVrb BVa _hma-_m§JgwÕm gmoH$bo OmÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm hmoVr. _mÌ `mda Cnm` H$m` hoM `m gdUmªZm H$iV ZìhVo.

AgoM EH$Xm dm_Z_m_m EH$m JmdmÀ`m doerImbyZ N>H$S>m ZoV AgVmZm Ë`m JmdÀ`m nmQ>bmbm Amnbm g§Vmn AmdaVm Ambm Zmhr.

''Aa§ E åhmam, bB© _mO MT>bm` H$m` a§ Vwbm ? doerImbyZ N>H$S>m KoD$Z Mmbbm ìh` ? Imbr CVê$Z MmbV Om`bm H$m` Pmb§ a§ Vwbm ?'' nmQ>bm§Zr Ë`mbm XaS>mdyZ {dMmabo.

`m XaS>mdUrZo dm_Z_m_m§Zr KmoS>mJmS>rMm doJ EH$X_ H$_r Ho$bm. N>H$S>çmVyZ Imbr CVê$Z, bJm_ hmVr Yê$Z Vmo doerImbyZ N>H$S>m ZoD$ bmJbm. \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm _mÌ ho g§^mfU bJoM H$imbo Zmhr. KmoS>mJmS>r nwT>o {ZKmë`mZ§Va \$mXam§Zr ImoXyZ ImoXyZ {dMmabo Voìhm Hw$R>o dm_Z_m_m§Zr Ë`m JmdMm nmQ>rb H$m` åhUV hmoVm ho Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVbo. Añn¥í` AgUmè`m `m JmS>rdmZmg doerVyZ JmdmV {eaVm§Zm KmoS>mJmS>rVyZ ~gyZ OmÊ`mg ñn¥í` bmoH$ _ZmB© H$aVmV ho Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm H$imbo Voìhm Ë`m§Mo {nÎm Mm§JboM Idibo. `m JmS>rV _mJo H$moUr ñn¥í` dm `wamo{n`Z ~gbo Var Ë`m_wio JmS>rdmZmÀ`m Añn¥í` XOm©V H$mhr ~Xb hmoV ZìhVm. Añn¥í` ì`º$sZo Amnbr nm`ar AmoiIyZ àMbrV àWoZwgma dmJmdo Aer Ë`m JmdÀ`m nmQ>bmMr Am{U BVa ñn¥í` _§S>itMr Anojm hmoVr.

VmnQ> ñd^mdm~Ôb à{gÕ Agbobo \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm nmQ>bmÀ`m g§^mfUm_mJMo VH©$emó H$imbo. Añn¥í`VoÀ`m `m àWo_wio Ë`m§À`m JmS>rdmZmMm Am{U n`m©`mZo IwÔ Ë`m§Mmhr hmoUmam An_mZ ghZ H$ê$Z KoUo eŠ`M ZìhVo.

nwT>À`m EH$m Xm¡è`mÀ`m doir Ë`m JmdÀ`m hÔrVyZ KmoJaJmdmV naVVmZm Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr dm_Z_m_m§Zm KmoS>mJmS>r Zoho_rà_mUo doerImbyZ KoÊ`mMm hþHy$_ Ho$bm. Km~aV Km~aV dm_Z_m_m§Zr JmS>r doerH$S>o didbr Voìhm JmdMo nmQ>rb MmdS>rdaM hmoVo. Om{H$`a~m~m§Mm N>H$S>m {Yå`m{Yå`m doJmZo doerH$S>o `oD$ bmJbm VgVgo nmQ>rbH$sMo aº$ ZgmZgm§V {^Zboë`m nmQ>rb~wdm§Zm amhdoZm. Vm~S>Vmo~ nwT>o `oD$Z Ë`m§Zr Vo dmhZ AS>dbo. eobŠ`m {eì`m hmgS>V Ë`m§Zr KmoS>çmMm bJm_ dm_Z_m_m§H$S>y>Z {hgH$mdyZ KoVbm Am{U Ë`m§À`m hmVmVrb doVhr Xya \o$Hy$Z {Xbm.

Amnë`m JmS>rdmZmbm Hw$R>ë`mVar nÕVrZo {damoY hmoB©b Aer Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm WmoS>r\$ma H$ënZm hmoVrM. _mÌ ho àH$aU `m Wambm OmB©b Ago H$mhr Ë`m§Zm dmQ>bo ZgUma. Amnë`m dmhZmbm doerVyZ JmdmV {eaÊ`mg Agm à{V~§Y ìhmdm Am{U Vmohr Añn¥í`VoÀ`m H$maUm_wio ho \$mXa Om{H$`aZm ghZ hmoUo eŠ` ZìhVo. Ago åhUVmV H$s Ë`mjUr Om{H$`a~m~m N>H$S>çmVyZ Imbr CVabo Am{U Ë`m à_mXm~Ôb Ë`m nmQ>bmMr ^anya {nQ>mB© Ho$br. EdT>çmdaM Z Wm§~Vm Z§Va Am¡a§Jm~mXbm OmD$Z Ë`m§Zr nmobrg ImË`mV Am{U H$boŠQ>aH$S>ohr `m~m~V VH«$mahr Ho$br. EH$m `wamo{n`ZmMr KmoS>mJmS>r AS>{dÊ`mMo ho àH$aU Ë`m JmdÀ`m nmQ>bmbm nwT>o \$maM ÌmgXm`H$ R>abo. nm{Q>b~wdm§Zr Z§Va Om{H$`a~m~m§Mr Pmë`m KQ>Zo~m~V _m\$s _m{JVbr. Amnë`m ñd^mdmZwgma \$mXam§Zr Ë`m§Zm VËH$mi j_mhr Ho$br Am{U ho àH$aU EH$XmMo {_Q>bo.

EH$m JmdÀ`m nmQ>bmg Añn¥í`VoÀ`m àWo_wio {_imboë`m Ë`m àgmXmMr Ë`mH$mimV n§MH«$moerV ^anya MMm© Pmbr Agmdr. H$maU Ë`mH$mimV Vê$U Agboë`m AZoH$m§H$Sy>Z øm KQ>ZoMo H$m¡VwH${_lrV Am{U H$mhr A{Ve`mo{º$`wº$ dU©Z _r AZoH$Xm EoH$bo Amho. øm KQ>Zo_wio daÀ`m OmVrVrb bmoH$m§Zm Oa~ ~gbr AgobM. Ë`m{edm` {¼ñVr _hmam§Zm {H$Vr hÎmtMo _mZ{gH$ ~i {_imbo Agob `mMr H$ënZm H$aVm `oVo.

_amR>dmS>çmV Am{U Ah_XZJa {Oëô`mV Joë`m XmoZeo dfmªÀ`m H$mimV eo-XrS>eo naXoer Y_©Jwê$§Zr H$m_ Ho$bo Amho. Ë`mn¡H$r Wmoa _hmË_o Am{U g§V åhUyZ JUë`m Joboë`m {_eZat_Ü`o Om{H$`a~m~m§Mm Am{U g§J_ZoaÀ`m ew{~Ja~m~m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m KmoJaJmd `oWrb g_mYrnmer Ë`m§Mr KmoS>mJmS>rhr R>odÊ`mV Ambr Amho. Om{H$`a~m~m§{df`r AmXa`wŠV ^mdZm AgUmao ^m{dH$ `m g_mYrbm ^oQ> XoVmV, Voìhm Om{H$`a~m~m§{df`r§À`m AZoH$ ñ_¥VtZm COmim {_iV AgVmo.

g§X^© :

1) S>m°.Eb.dm`.Am¡Ma_b, 'Am§~oS>H$ar Midi Am{U h¡Xam~mX g§ñWmZmVrb X{bV _wº$s g§J«m_', àH$meH$: Cfm dmK, gwJmdm àH$meZ, 861/1, gXm{ed noR> , nwUo - 411 030 (àW_md¥Îmr 1997) (nmZ 113)

2)'{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, _o 1944, àH$meH$ : gmogm`Q>r Am°\$ {OPg (`oeyg§K), ñZohgXZ, e{Zdma noR>, nwUo 411 030 (nmZ 148)

(nyd©à{gÜXr:' H$m{_b nmaIo, 'JmdHw$gm~mhoaMm {¼ñVr g_mO', àH$meH$: Cfm dmK, gwJmdm àH$meZ, nwUo (2007) Am{U {Zamoß`m' _m{gH$, OyZ 2008)

Christ the King Church in Ghogargaon

KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m

(Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ

15) KmoJaJmdmVrb {¼ñVamOm _§{XamMo ~m§YH$m_

gZ 1903 _Ü`o ZmJnyaMo {~en Om°Z _oar H«$moMoQ> `m§Zr \$mXa {_Mob \$moaob `m§Mr \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo ghmæ`H$ åhUyZ Zo_UyH$ Ho$br. \$mXa Om{H$`aà_mUoM \$mXa \$m°aobgwÕm \$mÝg_Yrb g°ìhmo` àm§VmMo hmoVo. Ë`mZ§Va 22 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1907 amoOr \$mXa Om°Z _oar ~oO} Am{U 1908 À`m OmZodmarV Om°O© \$Zmª{S>g Ë`m§Mo ghm`H$ åhUyZ KmoJaJmdmV XmIb Pmbo.

AmOy~mOyÀ`m n[agamVrb {¼íMZm§Mr g§»`m dmTy> bmJbr VgVgo KmoJaJmdmV ~m§Ybobo VmËnwaVo M°nob Anwao nSy> bmJbo. gZ 1907 À`m ZmVmi gUmbm VoWo 700 {¼íMZ hOa hmoVo Am{U Ë`mn¡H$s 400 OUm§Zr n{dÌ H$å`w{Z`Z ñdrH$mabo hmoVo. KmoJaJmdmV EH$ àeñV XoD$i ~m§Ymdo Ago \$mXam§Zm dmQy> bmJbo. gZ 1909 À`m OmZodmarV \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Amnë`m aomO{ZerV {b{hbo hmoVo:

""gÜ`mÀ`m M°nbMo {ZdmgñWmZmV énm§Va H$aÊ`mMr Am{U Zdo _moR>o XoD$i ~m§YÊ`mMr gyMZm {~en H$m°nob `m§Zr _bm Ho$br Amho. ~«Xa AbopŠgg {Z`mo{OV XodimMm AmamIS>m Am{U Ë`mgmR>r bmJUmè`m IMm©Mm A§XmO H$aV AmhoV. XoD$i ~m§YÊ`mg EHy$U 8 hOma én`o bmJVrb. Xaå`mZÀ`m H$mimV, _r B_maVrÀ`m ~m§YH$m_mgmR>r bmJUmao gm_mZ Jmoim H$aUo gwê$ Ho$bo Amho. nmM ~¡bOmoS>çm§n¡H$s VrZ ~¡bOmoS>çm Jobo ghm _{hZo ~m§YH$m_mMo XJS> AmUV AmhoV. øm gd© n[agamV EH$mM doir {H$VrVar H$m_o Mmby AmhoV. XJS>m§Zm AmH$ma {Xbm OmVmo Amho, MwZm Am{U {dQ>m§À`m ^Å>rV H$m_ Mmby Amho. ~¡bJmS>`m Am{U JmS>rdmZm§Mr bJ~J gVV Mmby Amho. Iar g_ñ`m Aer Amho H$s Xa e{Zdmar g§Ü`mH$mir _bm `m gd© H$m_Jma bmoH$m§Zm nJma Úmdm bmJVmo. àË`oH$ doir EHy$U nJmamMr a¸$_ 100 én`o AgVo. _mÂ`mH$S>o Agbobr gd© J§JmOi H$YrM g§nyZ Jobr Amho Am{U _bm AmUIr 8 hOma én`m§Mr JaO Amho. Am_À`m EHy$U 54 IoS>oJmdm§n¡H$s 40 Jmdm§V {¼íMZm§Mr g§»`m 50 Vo 150 Amho. `mn¡H$s 15 Jmdm§V Va H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> _mñVam§gmR>r KagwÜXm Zmhr Am{U àmW©ZogmR>r N>moQ>rer Imobrhr Zmhr. Aem àË`oH$ ImobrgmR>r _bm 100 én`m§Mm IM© `oUma Amho.''

1909 À`m E{àb _{hÝ`mV \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Am¡a§Jm~mX {Oëô`mVrb H$ÞS> Jmdmg ^oQ> {Xbr. Ë`m{df`r \$mXa {b{hVmV : ""_mÂ`mAmYr \$mXa ~oZrñQ´>±S> `m§Zr `m Jmdmbm 35 dfmªnydu ^oQ> {Xbr hmoVr. `oWrb {_eZmÀ`m _mbH$sÀ`m OmJoMm Vm~m nwÝhm EH$Xm gaH$maZo KoVbm Amho. `oWrb M°nob AJXr ^½ZmdñWoV Amho Am{U AYm© S>PZ g§»`oÀ`m `oWrb H$~atMo XJS> {ZIiV Mmbbo AmhoV. `m OmJoMm Vm~m nwÝhm EH$Xm Amåhmbm {_iob Am{U {VWo Zdo M°nob ~m§YVm `oB©b Aer _bm Amem Amho.""

\$mXa Om{H$`a amhmVm {_eZmMr O~m~Xmar nma nmS>V AgVmZm KmoJaJmd `oWo {¼ñVamOm _§{XamMo ~m§YH$m_ \$mXa \$m{O`mZmo `m§Zr nwT>o Mmby R>odbo hmoVo. _hm`wÕm_wio `wamonmVyZ `oUmar Am{W©H$ _XV H$_r Pmbr hmoVr. KmoJaJmdmà_mUoM VoWyZ 35 {H$bmo_rQ>a Xya Agboë`m ~moaga `oWohr EH$ _moR>o MM© ~m§YÊ`mMr V`mar VoWrb \$mXa nmO `m§Zr gwê$ Ho$br hmoVr.

amhmË`mhÿZ KmoJaJmdbm 1922 À`m OmZodmarV naVë`mZ§Va \$mXa Om{H$`aZo nwÝhm EH$Xm CËgmhmZo `m {_eZ H|$ÐmÀ`m C^maUrg ñdV:bm PmoHy$Z {Xbo. VoWrb MM©Mo Ë`m§Zr gwê$ H$obobo ~m§YH$m_ AOyZhr AnyU©M hmoVo. `m C§M _§{XamÀ`m q^Vr Vmon`ªV Cä`m am{hë`m hmoË`m. _mÌ AmVm EH$ ZdrZM AS>MU {Z_m©U Pmbr hmoVr.

`mg§~§Yr \$mXa ao{OZmëS> JmoÝgmbdrg `m§Zr {b{hbo Amho : ""h¡Xam~mXÀ`m {ZPm_ gaH$maZo ho MM© ~m§YÊ`mg 1908 gmbr nadmZJr {Xbr Voìhm `m ~m§YH$m_mg Vã~b drg dfm©hÿZ A{YH$ H$mi bmJob Aer Hw$Ur H$ënZmhr H$obr ZìhVr. AmVm \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm Zì`mZo ~m§YH$m_mMm nadmZm KoUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo. Zì`mZo hm nadmZm KoÊ`mgmR>r XrS> df© bmJbo. \$mXam§Zr ~m§YH$m_mMr V`mar Ho$br Am{U AmVm Amnë`mH$S>o ~m§YH$m_mgmR>r nwaogm {ZYr Am{U gm_mZhr Zmhr ho Ë`m§À`m bjmV Ambo. \$mXa Om{H$`a ho ñdV:M H§$ÌmQ>Xma, B§{O{Z`a Am{U Amoìha{gAa Aem doJdoJi`m ^y{_H$m nma nmS>V hmoVo. ~«Xa AbopŠgg `m§À`mH$Sy>Z Ë`m§Zr MM©À`m ~m§YH$m_mMm AmamIS>m V`ma H$ê$Z KoVbm hmoVm. `m AmamIS>çmZwgma Ë`m§Zr H$m_ gwê$ R>odbo hmoVo Am{U JaOoZwgma Vo ~«Xa AbopŠgg `m§Mm g„m KoV. hmVmV H§$nmgMo `§Ì KoD$Z Vo _moO_mnUr H$aV Am{U Jd§S>çm§Zm gyMZm H$aV. XodimÀ`m ~m§YH$m_mgmR>r bmJUmao XJS>, MwZm Am{U dmiy dJ¡ao gm[hË` Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m ñdV:À`m ~¡bJmS>çm§VyZ KmoJaJmdmV AmUbo hmoVo. `m ~m§YH$m_mgmR>r bmJUmè`m n¡emgmR>r Ë`m§Zm AZoH$Xm ^rH$ _mJmdr bmJbr hmoVr.''

`m A{Vl_m_wio 1925 gmbr \$mXa Om{H$`a eodQ>r Iyn AmOmar nS>bo. AmOmamVyZ ~ao hmoÊ`mgmR>r Am{U {dlm§Vr KoÊ`mgmR>r KmoJaJmdmVyZ Ë`m§Zm BVa {R>H$mUr ZoUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo. n§M_T>r `oWo CnMmamgmR>r Am{U {dlm§VrgmR>r Ë`m§Zm nmR>dÊ`mV Ambo. _mÌ Ë`m§À`m àH¥$VrV gwYmaUm Pmbr Zmhr.Ë`m_wio 1926bm Vo Amnë`m _m`^y_rV åhUOo \$mÝgbm naVbo. gZ 1892bm qhXwñWmZmV Amë`mZ§Va n{hë`m§XmM Am{U 34 dfmªZ§Va Vo Amnë`m _mV¥^y_rV naVbo hmoVo. Ë`mdoir amhmË`mbm Agbobo \$mXa ~oO} `m§Mr \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mr KmoJaJmdbm ~Xbr Pmbr. Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m AZwnpñWVrV Ë`m§Zr {¼ñVamOm _§{XamMo ~m§YH$m_ nyU© Ho$bo. \$mXa Om{H$`a Amnë`m H$_©^y_rV 1929 À`m OmZodmarV naVbo Vmon`ªV `m _§{XamMo ~m§YH$m_ nyU© hmoD$Z Vo Amerdm©{XV H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo.

\$mXa ~oO} `m§Zr KmoJaJmdmV _w»` Y_©Jwê$ åhUyZ gyÌo hmVr KoVbr Voìhm VoWrb XodimÀ`m q^Vr ~m§YyZ Pmë`m hmoË`m. \$mXa ~oO} `m§Zr `m q^Vr§da bmoI§S>r Omù`m§Mo N>V C^mabo. XodimVrb A§VJ©V gOmdQ>rMr Am{U BVa H$m_o AOyZ ~mH$s hmoVr. _mÌ \$mXa ~oO} `m§À`mH$S>o Ë`mgmR>r AmVm n¡gmhr {eëbH$ ZìhVm.

\$mXa ao{OZmëS> JmoÝgmëdrg `m§Zr EH$m boImV `m _§{XamÀ`m AIoaÀ`m ~m§YH$m_mÀ`m YmdnirMo Am{U CX²KmQ>Z H$m`©H«$_mMo dU©Z Ho$bo Amho. ""{~en H$m°nob `m§Zr \$mXa n¡boŠg `m§Zm ZmJnyahÿZ KmoJaJmdbm nmR>dbo. \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo MwbV^mD$ Agbobo \$mXa n¡boŠg ZmJnyabm 1925 bm Ambo hmoVo. earaàH¥$VrZo AJXrM {H$S>{_S>o AgUmao \$mXa n¡boŠg `m§Mr XodimÀ`m ~m§YH$m_mV ^anya _XV Pmbr. C§M XodimVrb {eS>çm§da Vo gaga MT>V AgV. ñdV:M Vo AZoH$ H$m_o H$aV Am{U H$m_Jmam§Zmhr gyMZm XoV AgV. XodimMo ~m§YH$m_ AIoa Ë`m§ZrM nyU© Ho$bo. XodimÀ`m AmVrb ^mJm§V a§JrV H$mMm AmhoV. AmëVma g§J_adar Amho Am{U q^Vr§Zm AmVyZhr gw§Xa a§J XoÊ`mV Ambm Amho. ho _§{Xa {¼ñVamOmg g_{n©V H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho. {¼ñVamOmÀ`m {MÌmImbr hmVmV H«y$g KoD$Z ew^dV©_mZ gm§JUmè`m EH$m {_eZarMo {MÌ a§J{dÊ`mV Ambo Amho. `m {MÌmVrb {_eZar IwÔ \$mXa Om{H$`a AmhoV Ago åhQ>bo OmVo. hr {IS>H$s Am{U doXr C^maÊ`mMm IM© \$mXa {bìhgo `m§Zr Ho$bm hmoVm. \$mXa Om{H$`a `wamon_Ü`o AgVmZm _§{XamMo ~m§YH$m_ nyU© Pmbo Am{U Ë`m§À`m J¡ahOoarV _§Jidmar 26 E{àb 1927 bm {~en H$m°nob `m§Zr ho _§{Xa Amerdm©{XV Ho$bo.

AmgnmgÀ`m IoS>çm§Vrb EH$ hOma bmoH$ CX²>KmQ>Z g_ma§^mg hOa hmoVo. \$mXa S>o{g{g`a, \$mXa \$m°aob, \$mXa Apë~Zmo \$Zmª{S>g, \$mXa \$m{O`mZmo Am{U \$mXa Jm`oV H$m`©H«$_mgmR>r Ambo hmoVo. Ë`m{edm` eoOmaÀ`m Ah_XZJa {Oëô`mVyZ \$mXa ew{~Ja, \$mXa bo ~m°boQ>, \$mXa ao{OZmëS JmoÝgmëdrg Am{U \$mXa {S>_obmohr Ambo hmoVo. _moR>çm {_ñgogmR>r Amnbo g§JrV XoÊ`mgmR>r H|$XihÿZ ~«Xa _m°[ag Ambo hmoVo. `m {deof H$m`©H«$_mgmR>r V`mar H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m_mV \$mXa ~oO} Am{U \$mXa n¡boŠg Jw§Vbo hmoVo.

_moR>çm {_ñgoZ§Va Xodimbm Amerdm©X XoÊ`mV Ambm. Ë`mZ§Va {~enm§Zr 250 OUm§Zm ÑT>rH$aU gm§H«$m_|V {Xbo. CnpñWV Agboë`m gdmªMrM _Zo AmZ§X Am{U H¥$VkVoZo ^ê$Z Jobr hmoVr. Ë`m§ZVa Xwgè`m {Xder gH$mir `m nmhþÊ`m {_eZatZr KmoJaJmdMm {Zamon KoVbm, Voìhm AgoM _moR>o XoD$i Amnë`m Jmdrhr C^maÊ`mMo ñdßZ Vo gd©OU nmhmV hmoVo.''

Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr ho C§Monwao XoD$i ~m§YÊ`mgmR>r Img Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb Zodmgo `oWrb à{gÕ ImUrMm XJS> dmnabm hmoVm. Zodmgo ho kmZoída _mD$br§À`m dmñVì`mZo nwZrV Pmbobo Jmd. `oWrb n¡g Im§~mbm Q>oHy$Z g§V kmZoídam§Zr 'kmZoídar' {b{hbr. `oWrb ImUrVrb nÙmdVr nmfmU qH$dm Zodmgo ñQ>moZ g§nyU© _hmamï´>mV à{gÕ Amho. gbJ Xhm-AH$am \y$Q> bm§~rÀ`m H$mù`m nmfmUmÀ`m {eim `m ImUrV {_iVmV. `mM ImUrVrb XJS> Ami§Xr VrW©joÌmVrb B§Ðm`Ur KmQ>mgmR>rhr dmnaÊ`mV Ambm Amho.¹ `m XodimÀ`m ~m§YH$m_m{df`rÀ`m H$Wm _r _mÂ`m AmB©-d{S>bm§H$Sy>Z, _m_m§H$Sy>Z AZoH$Xm EoH$ë`m AmhoV. AJXr AbrH$S>o `m XodimÀ`m ~m§YH$m_m{df`r H${dVm Ho$ë`m OmVmV, Ë`mdéZ `m H$Wm AOyZhr Zì`m {nT>rÀ`m H$mZmda nS>VmV Ago {XgVo. ~miy Jm`H$dmS> `m§Mr nwT>rb H${dVm 'qMVZ' `m KmoJaJmd {¼ñV amOm _§{XamÀ`m E{àb 2004 À`m _wInÌmV à{gÜX Pmbr hmoVr.

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B©ída godm ^OZ JmVr h_amnya

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1) ~mimgmho~ VZnwao `m§Mm boI, 'Zodmgo VmbwŠ`mVrb _y{V©H$bm OmoamV, _y{V©H$ma _mÌ Cno{jV', X¡{ZH$ 'gH$mi', Ah_XZJa Amd¥Îmr, (26 OyZ 2005)

Fr Gurien Jacquier starts Lohegaon, Bidkin parishes

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(Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)

H$m{_b nmaIo

gwJmdm àH$meZ

8) nrH$ ’$ma, H$m‘Jma H$‘r - bmohJmd-{~S>H$sZ Y‘©J«m‘

Ë`mH$mimV ‘amR>dmS>çmV Amnë`m Jmdr {‘eZH$m`© gwê$ H$amdo Aer {dZ§Vr AZoH$ Jmdm§Vrb bmoH$ H$aV hmoVo. ’$mXa Om{H$`a ‘amR>dmS>m {‘eZ{d^mJmMo à‘wI hmoVo. ‘mÌ nrH$ ’$ma Am{U H$m‘H$ar H$‘r Aer pñWVr hmoVr. Zoho‘rà‘mUo n¡emMrhr MUMU hmoVrM.

KmoJaJmdmnmgyZ 40 {H$bmo‘rQ>a Xya Agboë`m bmohJmd `oWo {‘eZH$m`© gwê$ H$amdo Aer VoWrb bmoH$m§Zr AZoH$Xm ‘mJUr H$obr hmoVr. bmohJmd `oWrb Jm{~«Eb ZmdmÀ`m EH$ Vê$UmZo Ah‘XZJa {OëømVrb {‘eZmÀ`m emioV {ejU KoD$Z ~m{áñ‘mhr KoVbm hmoVm. Z§Va Jm{~«oEbZo bmohJmdÀ`m BVa bmoH$m§gh Am¡a§Jm~mXÀ`m {‘{bQ>ar M°ßboZ Agbobo ’$mXa Omogo’$ ao‘§S> `m§Mr ^oQ> KoD$Z Amnë`m JmdmV ào{fV H$m`© gwê$ H$aÊ`mMr ‘mJUr Ho$br. Ë`mdoir Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømÀ`m Xm¡è`mda Agbobo {~en nobìhQ> `moJm`moJmZo Ë`mdoir VoWoM hmoVo. bmohJmdmV Ë`mdoir ‘hma g‘mOmÀ`m 118 àm¡T> ì`º$s Am{U 30 ‘wbo hmoVr. bmohJmdÀ`m bmoH$m§Mr Vr {dZ§Vr EoHy$Z {~enm§Zm AmZ§XM dmQ>bm. bmohJmdmV 1899 À`m gwê$dmVrg AmnU {‘eZH$m`© gwê$ H$ê$ Ago AmídmgZhr Ë`m§Zr bmoH$m§Zm {Xbo.

‘amR>dmS>çmVrb {‘eZà‘wI Agboë`m ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m~amo~a {~enm§Zr `m~m~V MMm© Ho$br. ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr ‘mÌ bmohJmdmV ào{fV H$m`© gwê$ H$aÊ`mg {damoYM Xe©{dbm. KmoJaJmd {‘eZHo$§Ðm§Vrb doJdoJù`m IoS>çm§Vrb bmoH$m§‘Ü`o EH$Q>çmZo ào{fV H$m`© H$aVmZm ^anya X‘N>mH$ hmoV AgVm§Zm Xyada Agboë`m bmohJmdmV H$er gwdmVm© gm§JUma Agm Ë`m§Mm gdmb hmoVm. {~en nbìhoQ> `m§Zr 'brg {‘eÝg H°$Wmo{bŠg' À`m {S>go§~a 1898 À`m A§H$mV bmohJmd g§X^m©Vrb noMàg§Jm{df`r {b{hbo Amho.

{~enm§Zr {b{hbo Amho H$s ‘mPo åhUUo EoH$ë`mZ§Va ’$mXa Om{H$`a ‘bm åhUmbo, ""‘m` bm°S>©, KmoJaJmdmnmgyZ Vã~b 40 {H$bmo‘rQ>a Xya Agboë`m {R>H$mUr {‘eZHo$§Ð CKS>Ê`mMm Vwåhr H$m {dMma H$aVm AmhmV? KmoJaJmdmnmer Odi Agboë`m {H$VrVar JmdÀ`m bmoH$m§Zrhr AemàH$maÀ`m {dZ§Ë`m `mAmYr AZoH$Xm H$oë`m AmhoV Am{U VoWohr {_eZ H|$Ð gwê$ H$aUo Amnë`mbm eŠ` Pmbobo Zmhr. Amåhm Y‘©Jwê$§À`m ‘m{gH$ ‘mZY‘mMr a¸$‘ dmT>{dÊ`mEodOr {ZYrÀ`m Q>§MmB©‘wio Vwåhr Vr H$‘r Ho$br Amho. Aem n[apñWVrV AmUIr EH$ Zdo {‘eZH|$Ð CKS>Uo H$go eŠ` Amho? ‘mÂ`m H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> à{ejU H|$ÐmMr {ZYrÀ`m A^mdr ’$ma dmB©Q> AdñWm Pmbr Amho. H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> hmoD$ B[ÀN>Umè`m ~mam Vê$Um§Zm ‘r àË`oH$s Ho$di XmoZ ê$n`m§Mo OodU XoD$ eH$Vmo. H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> à{ejUmWvMr g§»`m drgn`ªV ZoÊ`mMr ‘mPr BÀN>m Amho. na§Vw {ZYrÀ`m AS>MUr‘wio ‘bm Vo eŠ` Zmhr.""

OdiÀ`m IoS>çm§Vrb H$m‘mMo ì`mn dmTë`m‘wio Xyada Agboë`m bmohJmdbm {‘eZH$m`© gwê$ H$aUo ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm eŠ` Pmbo Zmhr. `m~m~VrV Á`m§Zr {deof ag KoVbm hmoVm Ë`m§Mo åhUOo {~en nbìhoQ> `m§Mo 1990 À`m ‘o ‘{hÝ`mV {ZYZ Pmbo. ‘mÌ bmohJmdÀ`m J«m{~EbZo 1990 _Ü`o nwÝhm EH$Xm Am¡a§Jm~mXMo {‘{bQ>ar M°ßboZ ’$mXa ao‘§S> `m§Mr ^oQ> KoD$Z bmohJmdmV {‘eZH$m`© gwê$ H$aÊ`mMr {dZ§Vr Ho$br. ’$mXa ao‘§S> `m§Mo bmohJmdmV `m bmoH$m§Zr O§Jr ñdmJV Ho$bo. VoWrb bmoH$m§Zm àmW©Zm Am{U H°$Q>o{H$P‘ {eH${dë`mZ§Va ’$mXam§Zr Ë`m§Zm ~m{áñ‘m {Xbm.Am¡a§Jm~mXbm 1905 n`ªV Agon`ªV ’$mXa ao‘§S> bmohJmdMr AmÜ`mpË‘H$ O~m~Xmar gm§^miV hmoVo. Ë`m§À`mZ§VaÀ`m {‘{bQ>ar M°ßboZZr ‘mÌ bmohJmdmH$S>o Xwb©jM H$obo. ‘mÌ bmohJmdÀ`m Y‘mªV[aV bmoH$m§Zr {¼ñVr Y‘© gmoS>bm Zmhr. ZmVmi, nmñH$mgma»`m gUmgmR>r Vo Am¡a§Jm~mXbm OmV AgV.

’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mr ~moagabm ~Xbr Pmë`mZ§Va ’$mXa ~oO} KmoJaJmdbm Ambo. Ë`m§Mo ghm`H$ åhUyZ ’$mXa ’$m{O`mZmo 1914 À`m Zmoìh|~amV KmoJaJmdmbm Ambo.ZmVmimÀ`m gUmgmR>r 24 {S>go§~amV KmoJaJmdbm ~mhoaJmdmVyZ AZoH$ ^m{dH$ Ambo hmoVo. bmohJmdmhyZ Amboë`m Xhm bmoH$m§‘Ü`o EH$m åhmVmarMmhr g‘mdoe hmoVm. ’$mXa ’$m{O`mZmo `m§Zr Ë`m§Mr Mm¡H$er Ho$ë`mda Ë`m bmoH$m§Zr gm§{JVbo H$s ZmVmimÀ`m gUm{Z{_Îm {‘ñgoV gh^mJr hmoÊ`mgmR>r drg H$mog MmbyZ Vo {VWo Ambo hmoVo. Ë`mZ§Va nwT>À`mM ‘{hÝ`mV KmoS>çmda ñdma hmoD$Z ’$mXam§Zr bmohJmdbm ^oQ> {Xbr. VoWo nmM Hw$Qw>§~m§Zr Amnbr {¼ñVr lÜXm H$m`‘ R>odbr hmoVr Ago Ë`m§Zm AmT>ibo. nwT>o ’$mXa ~oO} `m§Mr Ah‘XZJa {OëømV H|$Xi `oWo ~Xbr Pmë`mZ§Va ’$m{O`mZmo `m§À`mH$S>o KmoJaJmdMr gyÌo Ambr. bmohJmd `oWo Ë`m§Zr EH$m H°$Q>o{H$ñQ>Mr Zo‘UyH$ Ho$br Am[U AmOy~mOyÀ`m IoS>çm§V ào{fV H$m`© gwê$ Ho$bo. gZ 1923 bm Am¡a§Jm~mXbm ~Xbr Pmë`mZ§Vahr bmohJmd Ë`m§À`m A{YH$majoÌmV R>odÊ`mV Ambo. bmohJmdbm OmÊ`mgmR>r AmVm Ë`m§Zm Am¡a§Jm~mXhyZ {~S>H$sZn`ªV Mm§Jbm añVm hmoVm. gm`H$bZo àdmg H$ê$Z Vo eoOmaÀ`m Jmdm§Zm ^oQ>r XoV AgV. gZ 1927 bm Ë`m§Zr bmohJmdnmer {~S>H$sZ `oWo gmV EH$a O‘rZ {dH$V KoVbr. nwT>o {~S>H$sZM `m n[agamVrb {‘eZHo$§ÐmMo H|$Ð ~Zbo. n¡R>U VmbwŠ`mVrb `m JmdmV AmO VoWo g|Q> Omogo’$ MM© C^o Amho. {~S>H$sZ `oWo nwAa {gñQ>g© Am°’$ Ada boS>r `m g§ñWoÀ`m {gñQ>am§À`m XdmImÝ`mV J«m‘rU bmoH$m§gmR>r Amamo½`godm {Xë`m OmVmV.