KmoJaJmdMo
Om{H$`a~m~m (‘amR>dmS>çmVrb {¼ñVr {_eZH$m`m©Mm B{Vhmg )
boIH$:
H$m{_b nmaIo
àH$meH$:
{_eZarO Am°\$ g|Q> ’«$mpÝgg S>r goëg (E_EgE\$Eg),
nwUo
gwJmdm
àH$meZ
2)
Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo ’«$mÝg‘YyZ KmoJaJmdmV AmJ‘Z
KmoJaJmd
ho Zmd Cƒmabo H$s Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo ñ‘aU hmoVo. _amR>dmS>çmVrb
`m N>moQ>çmem IoS>oJmdmVrb C§M {eIam§À`m {¼ñVamOm
‘§{XamMo {MÌ S>moù`mg‘moa C^o amhVo. `m JmdmV
Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr Vã~b Mma XeHo$ Y‘©Jwê$ åhUyZ godm Ho$br,
Ë`m‘wio KmoJaJmdMo Om{H$`a~m~m åhUyZM Ë`m§Zm AmoiIbo OmVo.
Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb {¼ñVr Am{U {~Ja{¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`mhr
OS>UKS>UrV `m ‘hmËå`mMo _hÎdmMo `moJXmZ Amho. .
Joë`m
XrS>XmoZeo dfm©§V ‘hmamï´>mV AZoH$ naXoer {¼ñVr
{‘eZar§Zr gm‘m{OH$, Ym{‘©H$ Am{U e¡j{UH$ joÌm§V nm`m^yV
ñdê$nmMo H$m‘ Ho$bo Amho. EH$mo{Ugmì`m Am{U {dgmì`m eVH$m§V
‘m`Xoe gmoS>yZ Ë`m§Zr {h§XwñWmZbmM Amnbr H$‘©^y‘r
‘mZbr. `mn¡H$s H$mhr {‘eZatZm Am`wî`mMr ZìdXr nma H$ê$Z
Amnë`m H$m`m©Mo ’${bVhr nmhÊ`mMo ^m½` bm^bo.
"{Zamoß`m'
_m{gH$mMo g§ñWmnH$-g§nmXH$ AmM©{~en hoÝar S>mo[a¨J,
g§J‘ZoaMo ’$mXa ’«$mpÝgg ew{~Ja, haoJmd Am{U KmoS>oJmdmV
CÎmw§J {eIam§Mr Xodio ~m§YUmao ’$mXa Om°Z hmëXZa, haoJmdmV
‘V‘mD$brMr `mÌm gwê$ H$aUmao ’$mXa OoamëS> ~mXa Aer
{H$VrVar {‘eZar§Mr Zmdo AmOhr bmoH$m§À`m ñ‘aUmV AmhoV. ’$mXa
Jw[aEZ Om{H$`a hohr AgoM EH$ F${fVwë`, AmXaUr` ì`{º$‘Îd.
‘hmamï´>mV
{¼ñVr Y‘mªVa H$mhr {d{eï> {Oëøm§VM Pmbobo AmT>iyZ
`oVo. R>mUo {OëømV dgB© VmbwŠ`mV ‘Ü``wJrZ H$mimV
nmoVw©{JOm§À`m amOdQ>rV Y‘mªVa Pmbo. Ah‘XZJa {OëømV 1831
gmbr àmoQ>oñQ>§Q>n§{W`m§Zr ào[fVH$m`© gwê$ Ho$bo.
1878 ‘Ü`o àW‘V:M H°$Wmo{bH$n§{W` `oeyg§{K`m§Mo ào{fVH$m`©
`m {OëømV gwê$ Pmbo. ‘mÌ H$mhr AndmX dJiVm ho gd© Y‘mªVa
Ë`mH$mir Añn¥í` AgUmè`m ‘hma OmVrVM Pmbo. gZ 1892 n`ªV H|Xi,
diU Am{U g§J‘Zoa `oWrb H°$Wmo{bH$m§Mr g§»`m EH$ hOma Pmbr
hmoVr. Ah‘XZJa {Oëømbm bmJyZM Agboë`m Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømÀ`m
d¡Omnya Am{U J§Jmnya VmbwŠ`m§Vhr `mMH$mimV
g‘m§Va
nmVirda ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV {¼ñVr Y‘mªVa Pmbo, `m‘mJo EH$
J‘VrXma KQ>Zm Amho. KmoJaJmdmVrb ZmWy {eZJmao `m VéU ‘hmamMo
amhþarOdirb diU JmdÀ`m ‘wbrer b¾ Pmbo hmoVo. Amnë`m gmgyadmS>rV
ZmWy Ambm Voìhm VoWrb AZoH$ ‘hmam§Zr {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mm ñdrH$ma
Ho$bm Amho ho Ë`mZo nm{hbo. ~hþXm Ë`mÀ`m gmgaMo Hw$Qw>§~hr
{¼ñVr Pmbobo AgVrb. ZmWyZohr ‘J ~m{áñ‘m ñdrH$mabm Am{U ’$mXa
dmB©ghm¡ßQ>H$S>o H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> åhUyZ Vmo H$m‘ H$ê$
bmJbm. KmoJaJmdmV naVë`mZ§Va Ë`mZo Amnë`m ZmVodmB©H$m§H$S>o
Am{U Omè`m-nmOmè`m§H$S>o diU {‘eZH|$Ðm{df`r VgoM VoWo
’$mXam§Zr bmoH$m§Zm Ho$boë`m ‘XVrMo ~aoM H$m¡VwH$ Ho$bo.
Ë`mZ§Va KmoJaJmdmVrb H$mhr bmoH$ diUbm OmD$Z VoWrb {‘eZatZm
^oQ>bo. Amnë`m JmdmVhr {‘eZH|$Ð Am{U emim gwê$ H$am Aer
Ë`m§Zr VoWrb ’$mXam§Zm {dZ§Vr Ho$br. ‘mÌ JmoXmdarÀ`m
nbrH$S>À`m H$mR>mda Agbobo KmoJaJmd ‘moJbmB©V åhUOo
h¡Xam~mXÀ`m {ZOm_ g§ñWmZmV Am{U ZmJnya Y‘©àm§VmÀ`m hÔrV
hmoVo. (Ë`mdoiÀ`m àM§S> AmH$mamÀ`m ZmJnya Y‘©àm§VmMr AmO
ZmJnya, O~bnya, Im§S>dm, A‘amdVr, am`nya, Mm§Xm, ^monmi Am[U
Am¡a§Jm~mX Y‘©àm§Vm§V {d^mJUr Pmbr Amho.) diUMo ‘w»` ’$mXa
H«$mB©P `m§Zr ‘J KmoJaJmdbm ^oQ> {Xbr Am{U Z§Va Am¡a§Jm~mXMo
M°ßboZ ’$mXa ‘m±Q>¾m°Šg `m§Zm VoWrb bmoH$m§À`m
{dZ§VrMr H$ënZm {Xbr. `m KS>m‘moS>rZ§Va ZmJnya Y‘©àm§Vr`
àemgH$ ’$mXa Mmëg© ’o${bŠg nobdoQ> `m§Zr 1892 À`m
Zmoìh|~amV ’$mXa ‘m[a`Z Wm°‘g `m§Mr KmoJaJmdbm Zdo {‘eZH|$Ð
gwê$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r Zo‘UyH$ Ho$br. ZmJnyaMo n{hbo {~en AbopŠgg
[aH$mP `m§Mr Amnë`m Y‘©àm§VmV {~Ja{¼ñVr g‘mOmV ào{fVr`
H$m`© H$aÊ`mMr n«~i BÀN>m hmoVr. Ë`m§À`m {ZYZmZ§Va XmoZ
‘{hÝ`m§Zr ’$mXa _m[a`mZ Wm°_g `m§Zr KmoJaJmdmV nmD$b R>odbo
Voìhm Ë`m§Mr hr ‘ZmoH$m‘Zm nyU© Pmbr.
KmoJaJmd
{‘eZH|$ÐmÀ`m `m g§ñWmnH$-Y‘©Jwê$Mm Am¡a§Jm~mX `oWo 1851
gmbr OÝ‘ Pmbm hmoVm. ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Mo dS>rb h¡Xam~mXÀ`m
g¡Ý`mV g¡{ZH$ hmoVo. Wm°‘g `m§À`m d{S>bm§Mr Am¡a§Jm~mXhÿZ
AMbnya Am{U Ë`mZ§Va qhJmobr `oWo ~Xbr Pmbr. ‘amR>dmS>çmV
qhJmobr `oWo Amboë`m ’$mXa ~o{ZñQ´>m§S> `m§Zr AH$am
dfm©§À`m ‘m[a`mZbm nm{hbo Am{U Ë`m§Zr Ë`mbm Amnë`m
~¡bJmS>rVyZ H$m‘R>r `oWo AmUbo. VoWrb g|Q> Omogo’$
ñH$yb‘Ü`o ‘m[a`ZMo {ejU gwê$ Pmbo. gZ 1870 ‘Ü`o ZmJnyaÀ`m
EgE’$Eg ñH$yb‘Ü`o Ë`m§Zr àdoe KoVbm. gZ 1886 bm Ë`m§Mm
Y‘©JwénXmMm Xrjm{dYr Pmbm.KmoJaJmdbm `oÊ`mAmYr Ë`m§Zr ZmJnya
`oWo Y‘©Jwê$ åhUyZ H$m‘ Ho$bo hmoVo. {ZPm‘mÀ`m amOdQ>rVrb
{¼íMZm§gmR>r Ë`m§Zr CXy© H°$Wo{H$P‘hr V`ma Ho$bo hmoVo.
Z‘mo ‘m[a`m `m àmW©ZoMr nwT>rb CXy© Amd¥Îmr `m
H°$Q>o{H$P‘Mm (Y‘©{gjUmMm) Z‘wZm Amho.
''gbm‘
E ‘[a`m, na’$Pb IwXmdmZ Voao gmW h¡ & ‘w~maH$ Vw Am¡aVm|
‘|, Am¡a ‘w~maH$ Voao noQ> H$m ’w$b, `ogy & E APaV
‘[a`‘, IwXm {H$, ‘m, XdmH$a AZ JwÝhmJmamoZ| Ho$ {b`o, A~ Am¡a
A‘mar ‘m¡V Ho$ dº$ & Am‘oZ &''
KmoJaJmdmV
n{hbr XmoZ df©o ’$mXa ‘m{a`mZ ho EH$m PmonS>rV amhmV hmoVo.
JmdmVrb AË`§V Jar~ Agbobo Añn¥í` bmoH$ Ë`m§Mo eoOmar hmoVo.
Hw$R>ë`mhr àmW{‘H$ gw{dYm Zgboë`m `m J«m‘rU ^mJmV H$m‘
H$aUo A{Ve` AdKS> hmoVo. AS>rAS>MUrg Vmo§S> XoV
’$mXam§Zr Amnbo H$m‘ Mmby R>odbo. ‘amR>dmS>çmVrb
n{hë`md{hë`m H$°Wmo{bH$ {‘eZHo$§ÐmMm AemàH$mao nm`m aMbm OmV
hmoVm. ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Zr KmoJaJmdmV gwê$ Hoo$bobo {‘eZH|$Ð
ho Ho$di EVÔoer` bmoH$m§gmR>r Agbobo ‘amR>dmS>çmVrb
n[hboM {‘eZH|$X«. Ë`mAmYr {~«{Q>e g¡Ý`mVrb doJdoJù`m
H$°ånm§V H°$Wmo{bH$ Am{U àmoQ>oñQ>§Q> {~«{Q>e
g¡{ZH$ Am{U A{YH$mè`m§gmR>r {¼ñVr Y‘©Jwê§$Mr åhUOo
{‘{bQ>ar M°ßboZMr Zo‘UyH$ hmoV Ago. ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Mr
`m Zì`m {‘eZH|Ðmda Zo‘UyH$ H$aÊ`m‘mJo {deof H$maU hmoVo.
’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Mo CXy© Am{U ‘amR>r ^mfm§da Mm§Jbo
à^wËd hmoVo. ñWm{ZH$ gÎmmYmar {ZPm‘mÀ`m àOon¡H$s EH$ Agboë`m
’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Zm {‘eZH$m`m©gmR>r VoWo O‘rZOw‘bm
{dH$V KoUo VwbZoZo gmono hmoVo. Ë`mdoir O‘rZOw‘bm IaoXr
H$aÊ`mgmR>r {OëhmnmVirdarb gaH$mar A{YH$mè`mMr nyd©nadmZJr
KoUo Amdí`H$ Ago.
EH$mo{Ugmì`m
eVH$mÀ`m AIoarg KmoJaJmd Vgo AJXr Xwb©{jV IoS>oJmd hmoVo.
(EH${dgmì`m eVH$mVhr `m pñWVrV ~Xb Pmbobm Zmhr, AmO åhUOo gZ 2008
‘Ü`ohr VoWo S>m§~ar añVm Zmhr Am{U Ë`m‘wio `m JmdmH$S>o
gmYr EgQ>r ~ggwÕm {’$aH$V Zmhr.) Ë`mdoir VoWo nmM-ghm XJS>m§Mr
Am{U {dQ>m§Mr n¸$s Kao hmoVr. e§^aÀ`m Amgnmg nm§T>è`m
‘mVrMr Kao hmoVr. JmdmÀ`m doer~mhoa Añn¥í` ‘hmam§Mr dñVr
hmoVr. `m ‘hmam§‘Ü`o ào{fVH$m`© H$aÊ`mgmR>r ’$mXa
‘m[a`mZ `m§Mr Zo‘UyH$ Pmbr hmoVr.
Zdo
{‘eZH|$Ð gwê$ Pmë`mZ§Va Mma dfmªZr ’$mXa ‘m[a`mZ `m§Mo
ghm`H$ åhUyZ ’$mXa Om{H$`a VoWo ê$Oy Pmbo. ’$mXa Om{H$`a ho
‘yiMo ’o«|$M. ’«$mÝg‘Ü`o ~oZ}Šg `oWo 14 ’o$~«wdmar
1867 `m {Xder Ë`m§Mm OÝ‘ Pmbm. Y‘©Jwê$ åhUyZ 21 {S>g|~a
1890 amoOr Ë`m§Zm Xrjm {‘imbr. VrZ df} ~obr Y‘©àm§VmV
Y‘©àm§Vr` Y‘©Jwê$ åhUyZ H$m‘ Ho$ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr Owb¡
1894 ‘Ü`o {‘eZarO Am°\$ g|Q> ’«$m{Ýgg S>r goëg
(E‘EgE’$Eg) `m g§ñWoV àdoe Ho$bm. ^maVmV H$m`© H$aÊ`mgmR>r
Ë`m§Mo ‘w§~B© ~§XamV 3 {S>g|~a 1895 bm AmJ‘Z Pmbo.
`oeyg§KmÀ`m O‘©Zàm§Vr` Y‘©Jwê§$Zr Ë`mH$mimV Ah‘XZJa
{OëømV ào{fVH$m`© gwê$ Ho$bo hmoVo, Va E‘EgE’$Eg `m g§ñWoZo
ZmJnya `m VoìhmÀ`m àM§S> AmH$mamÀ`m Y‘©àm§VmV Amnbo
H$m`© gwê$ Ho$bo hmoVo. H$mhr ‘{hZo ZmJnwamVrb hm`ñHy$b‘Ü`o
H$m‘ Ho$ë`mZ§Va Om{H$`a `m§Mr Zì`mZoM gwê$ Pmboë`m
{‘eZH|$ÐmgmR>r Zo‘UyH$ Pmbr.
`wamonmV
OÝ‘boë`m, VoWë`m dmVmdaUmMr gd` Pmboë`m ì`º$sbm Ë`mdoiÀ`m
qhXwñWmZmVrb J«m‘rU n[agamV amhUo {VVHo$ gmono ZìhVo. `oWrb CîU
Vmn‘mZ, AmhmamÀ`m gd`ter OwidyZ KoUo Vgo AdKS>M hmoVo. Ah‘XZJa
{OëømV Amë`mZ§Va EH$-XmoZ dfm©VM A{Vgma Am{U BVa AmOmam§Zr
H$mhr VéU {‘eZatMm ~ir KoVbm hmoVm. Ë`m‘wio `oWrb H$S>H$
CÝhmV dmdaVmZm H$m` H$miOr ¿`mdr, Ádmar-~mOarÀ`m ^mH$ar, {VIQ>
MQ>Ê`m, bmb-{haì`m {‘aÀ`m§Mm ^anya dmna H$ê$Z Ho$bobo
H$mbdU dJ¡ao Amhma H$gm nMdmdm `m~m~V ~wOwJ© {‘eZatH$Sy>Z YS>o
KoUo OéarMo hmoVo. OyZ 1896 ‘Ü`o g§J‘Zoa `oWo \$mXa AmoQ>mo
dmB©ghm¡ßQ> `m§À`mH$S>o `m~m~V Am{U {‘eZH$m`m©Mo YS>o
KoÊ`mgmR>r ’$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm nmR>{dÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo.
\$mXa
dmB©ghm¡ßQ> `m§À`mH$Sy>Z VéU d`mÀ`m Jw[aEZZo _amR>r
ì`mH$aUmMo YS>o {eHy$Z KoVbo. VoWoM Ë`m§Zr n{hë`m§XmM {_eZ
H|$ÐmV ~m{áñ_m XoD$Z Amnë`m {_eZar H$m`m©Mr gwédmV Ho$br.
Ë`mZ§Va Amnë`m XrK© Am`wî`mV Ë`m§Zr eoH$S>mo ~mbH$m§Zm
Am{U àm¡T> ì`º$s§Zm {¼ñVr Y_m©Mr Xrjm {Xbr. g§J_ZoaÀ`m
`m nmM _{hÝ`m§À`m dmñVì`mV Ë`m§Zm {_eZatÀ`m OrdZe¡brMr Am{U
H$m`©nÜXVrMr gd` Pmbr.
{dgmì`m
eVH$mÀ`m gwédmVrg Ah_XZJa Am{U Am¡a§Jm~mX {Oëøm§V {¼ñVr Y_©
éO{dÊ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV \$mXa dmB©ghm¡ßQ> Am{U \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo
_hÎdmMo `moJXmZ Amho. \$mXa dmB©ghm¡ßQ> `m§Zr àdam ZXrÀ`m
H$mR>mda gwdmVm© gm§{JVbr Va \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr JmoXmdarÀ`m
µH$mR>mda {ZPm_mÀ`m _moJbmB© hÔrVrb Jmdm§V ào{fVH$m`©
Ho$bo. àdaoÀ`m Am{U JmoXmdarÀ`m H$mR>m§darb JmdmoJmdm§V AmO
AZoH$ {¼ñVr Hw$Qw>§~o AmT>iVmV. Ë`m§À`m AmYrÀ`m XmoZ-VrZ
{nT>çm§Zm `m {_eZatZrM {¼ñVr Y_m©Mr Xrjm {Xbr hmoVr.
{_eZar
åhUyZ C_oXdmarMo H$m`© nyU© H$ê$Z 19 Zmoìh|~a 1896 amoOr \$mXa
Om{H$`a KmoJaJmdmV Ambo. g§J_ZoaÀ`m \$mXa H«$mB©P `m `oeyg§Kr`
Y_©Jwê§$Zr Q>m§½`mVyZ Ë`m§Zm VoWo nmohmoM{dbo. ho XmoÝhr
Y_©Jwê$ VoWo nmohmoMbo Voìhm KmoJaJmdMo \$mXa _m[a`mZ Wm°_g EH$m
AË`§V _hÎdmÀ`m H$m_m{Z{_Îm ~mhoaJmdr Jobo hmoVo. g§Ü`mH$mir Vo
naVbo Vo EH$ Mm§Jbr ~mV_r KoD$ZM. Am¡a§Jm~mX {_eZH|ÐmgmR>r
OmJm {dH$V KoÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm nadmZJr {_imbr hmoVr. Ë`mZ§Va 9
{S>g|~a 1896 amoOr ~«Xa Omogo\$ S>r g±Vmoghr `m XmoZ
Y_©Jwê§$À`m _XVrgmR>r KmoJaJmdmV hOa Pmbo. Ë`mZ§Va nwT>À`mM
dfu KmoJaJmd {_eZMr nyU© O~m~Xmar \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§À`m Im§Úmda
Q>mHy$Z \$mXa _m[a`mZ Wm°_g ho ZmJnyabm admZm Pmbo. _moJbmB©Vrb
n{hë`md{hë`m {_eZH|$ÐmÀ`m `m g§ñWmnH$m§Mr ~Xbr Pmbr hmoVr.
Ë`m§Zr bmdboë`m amonQ>çmMr H$miOr KoÊ`mMo, g§JmonZ H$aÊ`mMo
H$m_ AmVm \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mo hmoVo. ho ZmOyH$ amonQ>o `m ^y_rda
VJob H$m` Am{U Ë`mMo dQ>d¥jmV ê$nm§Va hmoB©b H$m`, `m àíZmMo
CÎma AZZw^dr \$mXa Jw[aEZ `m§À`mH$S>o ZìhVo. Amnë`mda
gmon{dÊ`mV Amboë`m O~m~XmarMo AmoPo nobUo gmono Zmhr, `mMr `m naŠ`m
_wbImV nm` R>odUmè`m `m Y_©Jwê$bm OmUrd AgUmaM. _mÌ Ë`m§Zr
ho AmìhmZ ñdrH$mabo Am{U 'ew^:ñVo erK«_' Ago åhUV Ë`m§Zr
ñdV:bm ào{fVH$m`m©V PmoHy$Z {Xbo. Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©Vrb `emMo dm
An`emMo _moO_mn Z§VaÀ`m H$mimVM Ho$bo OmUma hmoVo.
