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ào{fV H$m`m©gmR>r AmH${f©V H$aUmao, Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm
nmR>~i XoUmao \$mXa Om{H$`a ho n{hboM Y_©Jwê$ åhUmdo bmJob.
Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb Omogo\$ _moÝVoamo ho \$mXa Om{H$`a Am{U \$mXa
~oO} `m§À`m H$m`m©Zo à^m{dV hmoD$Z Y_©Jwê$
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Vm`S>o`m§ZrgwÜXm Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ghdmgmV amhÿZ nwT>o
ñdV:bm Ym{_©H$ godog dmhÿZ KoÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVbm.
Ah_XZJa
{OëømV `oeyg§Kr` Y_©Jwê§$Mo ào{fV H$m`© 1878 gmbr gwê$ Pmbo
Va E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoMo H$m`© _amR>dmS>çmV KmoJaJmd `oWo 1892
gmbr gwê$ Pmbo. `oeyg§Kr`m§À`m VwbZoZo \$mÝg{bAZ g§ñWoV
Y_©Jwê$ dm ~«Xa hmoÊ`mgmR>r ñWm{ZH$ Vê$U A{YH$ bdH$a
AmH${f©V Pmbo qH$dm `m g§ñWoZo Ë`m§Zm Ver g§Yr bdH$a {Xbr Ago
åhUmdo bmJob. Xoembm ñdmV§Í` {_imë`mZ§Va 1953 gmbr Ah_XZJa
{OëømVrb EH$ Vê$U, Wm°_g ^mboamd, `m§Zr `oeyg§KmV C_oXdma åhUyZ
àdoe Ho$bm Am{U 1965 gmbr Jwé{Xjm Pmë`mZ§Va Vo n{hbo ñWm{ZH$
`oeyg§Kr` Y_©Jwê$ R>abo. `m {OëømV ào{fV H$m`© gwê$
Pmë`mZ§Va OdiOdi e§^a dfm©Z§Va `oeyg§KmVrb n{hbo ñWm{ZH$
Y_©Jwê$ hmoÊ`mMm gÝ_mZ Ë`m§Zm {_imbm. _wÝVmoS>o Am{U Vm`S>o
`m XmoZ ñWm{ZH$ Vê$Um§Zr _mÌ E_EgE\$Eg `m g§ñWoV
ñdmV§Í`mnyduM åhUOo 1930À`m Amgnmg Y_©H$m`© H$aÊ`mgmR>r
{Xjm ñdrH$mabr hmoVr.
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_moÝVoamo `m§À`mZ§Va _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb Y_©Jwê$
hmoÊ`mMm gÝ_mZ \$mpÝgg Jm`H$dmS> Am{U OmoOo\$ ~ZgmoS>o `m§Zm
{_imbm. Jm`H$dmS> Am{U ~ZgmoS>o ho XmoKo _mdg^mD$ hmoVo. 29
gßQ>|~a 1948 aomOr ZmJnwamV Ë`m§Zm E_EgE\$Eg `m g§ñWoMo
Y_©Jwê$ åhUyZ {Xjm {_imbr. `m g_ma§^mMm d¥Vm§V '{Zamoß`m'
_m{gH$mZo Ë`mdoir à{gÜX Ho$bm hmoVm.
_amR>r
{¼ñVr g_mOmVrb n{hbo Y_©Jwê$ åhUyZ `m g_mOmÀ`m e¡j{UH$ Am{U
gm_m{OH$ àJVrgmR>r H$m`© H$aUmè`m _moÝVoamo~m~m qH$dm \$mXa
Omogo\$ _wÝVmoS>o `m§Mm C„oI H$amdm bmJob. \$m _moÝVoamo ho
`wamonmVrb AZoH$ Xoem§Mm Xm¡am H$aUmao Cno{jV _amR>r {¼ñVr
g_mOmVrb n{hbrM ì`º$s. `m naXoe Xm¡è`mVrb AZw^dm§Mm Amnë`m
{_eZH$m`m©V dmna H$ê$Z Amnë`m g_mOmÀ`m àJVrgmR>r Ë`m§Zr
AZoH$ ZdZdo à`moJ Ho$bo. naXoer {_eZatZr `oWrb eham§Vhr _amR>r
_mÜ`_mÀ`m emim CKS>Ê`mda ^a {Xbm. Ë`mH$mimV Am¡a§Jm~mXgma»`m
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YmS>gr åhUmdm bmJob. Am¡a§Jm~mX ehamVrb AmVm Zmdménmbm Ambobr
B§J«Or _mÜ`_mVrb {bQ>b âbm°da ñHy$b gwê$ H$aÊ`mV Ë`m§Zr
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~hþg§»` g_mOmgmR>r BVa {_eZ H|$Ðm§V åhUOo lram_nya, amhmVm
dJ¡ao {R>H$mUr B§J«Or _mÜ`_mÀ`m emim gwê$ H$aÊ`mg OdiOdi
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{XgyZ `oVmo. Am¡a§Jm~mXÀ`m J«m_rU n[agamV Ë`m§Zr
ñdmV§Í`mZ§VaÀ`m H$mimV AZoH$ emim gwê$ Ho$ë`m.
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Omogo\$ _wÝVmoS>o `m§Mm OÝ_ Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb amhþar
VmbwŠ`mVrb qMMmoio Jmdr 29 gßQ>|~a 1902 amoOr Pmbm. {J[aOm~mB©
Am{U JUnVamd `m§Mo Vo Xwgao AnË`. Vo gmV dfmªMo AgVmZm Ë`m§À`m
AmB©Mo - {JarOm~mB©Mo- {ZYZ Pmbo Am{U Ë`m§À`m d{S>bm§Zr
doUy~mB© ZmdmÀ`m _{hboer Xwgao b½Z Ho$bo. Ë`m§À`m d{S>bm§Mohr
bdH$aM {ZYZ Pmbo. nmoaH$m Pmboë`m bhmZ Omogo\$bm Ë`mMm Wmoabm ^mD$
Om°Z `mZo VoWyZ OdiM Agboë`m H|$Xi JmdmVrb \$mXam§À`m
~mo{S>ªJ_Ü`o R>odbo.
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à^md nS>bm Am{U AmnUhr Y_©Jwê$ hmoD$Z g_mOmMr godm H$amdr Ago
Ë`mbm dmQy> bmJbo.
amhmË`mVrb
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Agbobo \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Mr amhmVm {_eZ H|$ÐmV ~Xbr Pmbr hmoVr. gZ
1917 _Ü`o \$mXa ~oO} `m§Zr Omogo\$bm amhmVm `oWo {eH$m`bm nmR>dbo.
nwT>o \$mXa ~oO]À`mM {dZ§Vr_wio \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Omogo\$bm
Ah_XZJaÀ`m {_{bQ>ar ñHy$b_Ü`o B§J«OrÀ`m Aä`mgmgmR>r
nmR>dbo. Ah_XZJa `oWo \$mXa S>çw~Q>© `m§Zr Ë`mbm B§J«Or
{eH${dbo. \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Z§Va Omogo\$bm `oeyg§Kr` Y_©Jwê$§À`m
nwÊ`mVrb g|Q> {dÝg|Q> hm`ñHy$b_Ü`o XmIb Ho$bo.
Omogo\$bm
Y_©Jwê$nXmMr Xrjm XoÊ`mg E_EgE\$Eg `m g§ñWoVrb H$mhr Y_©Jwê$§Mm
{damoY hmoVm. Omogo\$ `m§Mo dS>rb qhXy hmoVo. Omogo\$ EH$ _hma
hmoVm Am{U Vmon`ªV _hma g_mOmVrb EH$mhr ì`º$sbm Y_©Jwê$Mr {Xjm
XoÊ`mV Ambr ZìhVr. Ë`m{edm` Zì`mZoM {¼ñVr Pmboë`m VéUmbm
Jwé{Xjm XoUo `mo½` Zmhr Ago H$mhr Y_©Jwê§$Mo åhUUo hmoVo. _mÌ
Omogo\$bm Amnë`m E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoV àdoe Úmdm `m~m~V \$mXa
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H$mhrM dmdJo Zmhr Ago Ë`m§Mo _V hmoVo.
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A{YH$mè`m§Zr Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo EoH$bo Am{U Omogo\$À`m Y_©Jwê$nXmMo
{ejU KoÊ`mMm _mJ© _moH$im Pmbm. ZmJnyaMo {~en H$m°nob `m§Zr
Amnë`m Y_©àm§VmgmR>r Y_©Jwê$nXmMo C_oXdma åhUyZ Omogo\$Mr
{ZdS> Ho$br. Omogo\$Zo {ÌMZmnëbr `oWrb g|Q> nm°b go{_ZarV
Y_©Jwê$ hmoÊ`mMo à{ejU KoÊ`mgmR>r àdoe KoVbm. Ë`mÀ`m CÀM
{ejUmMm IM© H$aÊ`mgmR>r \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Amnë`m _m`XoemVrb
åhUOo \$mÝg_Yrb g°ìhmo` `oWrb g|Q>-Owbr`ZÀ`m XmoZ
_{hbm§H$Sy>Z Am{W©H$ _XV {_i{dbr hmoVr. go{_ZarVM Omogo\$Zo
Amnbo _wÝVmoS>o ho AmS>Zmd ~XbyZ _moÝVoaom ho AmS>Zmd
KoVbo hmoVo.
ZmJnya
`oWo 8 {S>g|~a 1930 amoOr Omogo\$ `m§Zm Y_©Jwê$nXmMr {Xjm
{_imbr. \$mXa _moÝVoamo `m§Mr ZmJnyaÀ`m g|Q> Om°Z hm`ñHy$b_Ü`o
{ejH$ åhUyZ {Z`wº$s Pmbr. emioV Vo B§J«Or, b°{Q>Z Am{U
B{Vhmg {df` {eH$dy bmJbo. `mM H$mimV Ë`§mMm \$mXa doQ>o{b`a
`m§À`mer n[aM` Pmbm Am{U Ë`m§Zm naXoe Xm¡è`mMr g§Yr {_imbr.
amo_, BQ>br Am{U `oey {¼ñVmMr OÝ_^y_r Agboë`m n°boñQ>mB©Zbm
Ë`m§Zr ^oQ> {Xbr.
naXoe
Xm¡è`mZ§Va naVë`mZ§Va ZmJnyaÀ`m {~enm§Z§r Ë`m§Mr KmoJaJmd
`oWo Zo_UyH Ho$br. n{hë`m _hm`wÕmMm H$mi g§në`mZ§Va O_©Z
Y_©Jwê$ nwÝhm qhXwñWmZmV naVbo hmoVo. \$mXa _moÝVoam|Mo
_mJ©Xe©H$ Am{U Jwé Agbobo \$mXa Om{H$`ahr amhmË`mhÿZ Amnbr
H$_©^y_r Agboë`m _mirKmoJaJmdmV naV Ambo hmoVo. Amnë`m JwéÀ`mM
hmVmImbr H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr \$mXa _moÝVoam|Zm {_imbr. Ë`mZ§Va
\$mXa _moÝVoamo `m§Zr ~moaga `oWo Am{U A_amdVr `oWohr H$m`© Hobo.
`mM
H$mimV Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb Am{U _amR>dmS>çmVrb nydm©l_rMm
Añn¥í` Agbobm _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mO g§KQ>rV hmoD$Z amIrd OmJm
Am{U BVa gdbVr§Mr _mJUr H$é bmJbm hmoVm. gZ 1952 _Ü`o d¡Omnya
VmbwŠ`mVrb dmhoJmd _m§Oar `oWo \$mXa _moÝVoamo `m§À`m
nwT>mH$mamZo Zì`mZoM ñWmnZ Pmboë`m H°Wmo{bH$ g§KmMo A{YdoeZ
^adÊ`mV Ambo. _amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmÀ`m àJVrgmR>r {_eZè`m§Zr
B§JOr _mÜ`_mÀ`m emim gwê$ H$amì`mV Aerhr _mJUr `m A{YdoeZmV
H$aÊ`mV Ambr. Ë`mH$mimV _amR>dmS>çmVrb {_eZH|$ÝÐo
ZmJnyaÀ`m {~enm§À`m AIË`marV hmoVr. Ë`m§Mr nadmZJr KoD$Z \$mXa
_moÝVoamo `m§À`m à`ËZm§Zr Am¡a§Jm~mX `oWo {bQ>b âbm°da
ñHy$b hr emim gwê$ Pmbr. AemàH$mao _hmamï´>mVrb X{bV g_mOmVyZ
Amboë`m Zd{¼ñVr g_mOmgmR>r n{hë`md{hë`m B§J«Or _mÜ`_mÀ`m
emioMr _whÿV©_oT> amodbr Jobr. Am¡a§Jm~mXbm ~Xbr Pmë`mZ§Va
`m emioMm ^¸$_ nm`m Ë`m§Zr V`ma Ho$bm. ZmJnya `oWrb g|Q>
\$mpÝgg S>r goëg AnmoñVmo{bH$ ñHy$bMo aoŠQ>a åhUyZ H$mhr
H$mi H$m_ Ho$ë`mZ§Va nwÝhm åhUOo 27 Owb¡ 1954 amoOr Vo nwÝhm
KmoJaJmd `oWo naVbo. VoWrb {_eZ H|$ÐmMo à_wI \$mXa nrQ>a nm°b
`m§À`mH$Sy>Z Ë`m§Zr `m J«m_rU ^mJmMr O~m~Xmar ñdrH$mabr.
_moÝVoamo
\$mXam§Zr KmoJaJmdmV {_eZ H§$nmD§$S> ~m§Ybo. VoWo H°$Q>o{H$ñQ>
Q´>oqZJ g|Q>a gwê$ Ho$bo. `m g|Q>a_YyZ à{ejU KoD$Z `m
n[agam§Vrb bmoH$m§Mo gm_m{OH$ Am{U AmÜ`mpË_H$ à~moYZ H$aUmao
AZoH$ {ejH$ V`ma Pmbo. _mñVa `m nXdrZo AmoiIbo OmUmè`m `m {e{jV
_§S>itZr Amnë`m AS>mUr, AmVmn`ªV nyU©V: Cno{jV Agboë`m
g_mOmMo ZoV¥Ëd Ho$bo. ~wdmOr nR>mao, _mñVa, _Zmoha {eZJmao
_mñVa dJ¡ao Zmdo `m n[agam§Vrb n§MH«$moerV bmoH$m§Zm AmOhr
n[aM`mMr AmhoV Vo Ë`m§Zr Ho$boë`m H$m_m_wioM. KmoJaJmdmVrb {_eZÀ`m
g§V Omogo\$ àemioV {eHy$Z nwT>o AZoH$ Vê$U Y_©Jwê$ Pmbo.
Am¡a§Jm~mX Y_©àm§VmÀ`m {d{dY Y_©J«m_m§Vrb Xodim§V Vo
Y_©Jwê$ Am{U emim§Mo àmMm`©, {ejH$ dJ¡ao O~m~Xmè`m Vo gm§^miV
AmhoV.
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_moÝVoamo `m§Zm 29 OmZodmar 1970 amoOr njKmVmÀ`m AmOmamZo {Iibo.
`m amoJmer gmS>oZD$ df} gm_Zm Ho$ë`mZ§Va 18 OyZ 1979 aomOr
_amR>r {¼ñVr g_mOmVrb `m n{hë`m {_eZarMo {ZYZ Pmbo. Ë`m§À`m
BÀN>oZwgma Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m Jwé§À`m åhUOo Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m
H$~aonmerM {Ma{ZÐm XoÊ`mV Ambr. Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m g_mYrbm ^oQ>
XoUmao ^m{dH$ `m _hmZ ào{fVmÀ`m na_{eî`mbmhr AmXam§Obr dmhVmV.
g§X^©:
1)
Eg `y ~«m÷Uo, 'n{hbo \$i - ~m~m _w§ÝVoamo' '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$,
1979 (nmZo 195 Vo 197) )
{dX^m©Vrb
n{hbo nmMmaU - ~«Xa n°{Q´>H$ Vm`S>o
n°{Q´>H$
Vm`S>o `m§Mm {dX^m©V AMbnya `oWo 1894 gmbr OÝ_ Pmbm. nwVm~mB©
Am{U ~{iam_ ho Ë`m§Mo AmB©d{S>b. µ\$mXa AZ}ñQ> WoìhZoQ>
(E_EgE\$Eg) `m§Zr Ë`m§Mm 4 E{àb 1904 amoOr ~m{áñ_m Ho$bm hmoVm.
AMbnya `oWrb H°$Q>o{H$ñQ> emioV {eH$ë`mZ§Va VoWrb {_eZ
H|$ÐmV Ë`m§Zr H$mhr H$mi H$m_ Ho$bo. KmoJaJmd `oWo \$mXa Om{H$`a
`m§À`m hmVmImbr 1918 Vo 1925 `m H$mimV Ë`m§Zr {_eZ H$m`© Ho$bo.
VoWo H$m_ H$aV AgVmZm Om{H$`a~m~m§à_mUo AmnUhr Y_©Jwê$ hmoD$Z
bmoH$m§Mr godm H$amdr Ago Ë`m§Zm dmQ>bo. Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m
CÎmoOZm_wio Ë`m§Zr 1924 gmbr E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoV XmIb hmoÊ`mgmR>r
AO© Ho$bm.
n°{Q´>H$
`m§Zr ~«Xa hmoÊ`mMr BÀN>m ì`º$ Ho$br Voìhm Ë`mdoir
E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoMo àm§Vm{YH$mar Agboë`m \$mXa Aë\$m°Ýg bm[admP
`m§Zr g§ñWoMo gw{n[a`a OZab \$mXa Owëg H$mo_agZ `m§Zm `m g§X^m©V
27 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1924 amoOr nwT>rb nÌ {b{hbo hmoVo.:
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Vê$UmZo Amnë`m g§ñWoV ~«Xa åhUyZ {Xjm ñdrH$maÊ`mMr BÀN>m
ì`º$ Ho$br Amho. \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Ë`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho. hm
Vê$U _hma OmVrMm Amho. Vmo A§JmV YmoVa KmbVmo, _amR>r ~mobVmo
Am{U H$mhr dmŠ` B§J«OrV ~moby eH$Vmo. Jobr AZoH$ df} Vmo KmoJaJmd
{_eZ H|$ÐmV H$m_ H$aVmo Amho. Ë`mÀ`m H$m_m{df`r gd©M OU g_mYmZr
AmhoV.
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n°{Q´>H$ `m§Zm Amnë`m g§ñWoV ~«Xa hmoÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mdoirM
àdoe XoÊ`m~m~V {~en H$m°nob `m§Mm {damoY Amho. ~«Xa hmoD$
BpÀN>Umè`m ñWm{ZH$ Vê$Um§Mr EH$ ñdV§Ì g§ñWm ñWmnZ
H$aÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm EH$ g§H$ën hmoVm. `m g§ñWoVrb d«Xam§Zr
qhXwñWmZr na§naoZwgma Amnbr OrdZe¡br Mmby R>odmdr, Amnë`m
g§ñWoVrb BVa ~«Xam§À`m nmíVmË` OrdZe¡brMo Ë`m§Zr AZwH$aU
H$ê$ Z`o Ago Ë`m§Mo _V Amho. _mÌ {~enm§Mo ho ñdßZ gmH$ma
hmoUo AdKS> Amho, Ë`mMo H$maU åhUOo ~«Xa hmoÊ`mgmR>r CËgwH$
AgUmè`m `mo½` Am{U nmÌ C_oXdmam§Mr g§»`m IynM H$_r Amho.
qhXwñWmZr ~«Xam§Mr g§ñWm ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ë`m§À`m `m
g§H$ënmg Aem àH$mao hmoUmè`m {damoYm_wio {~enm§Mm n°{Q´>H$bm
Amnë`m g§ñWoV XmIb H$aÊ`m~m~VMm {damoY H$_r Pmbm Amho. ''Vwåhmbm
H$m` H$am`Mo Agob Vo H$am", Ago Ë`m§Zr _bm åhQ>bo Amho.
Aem n[apñWVrV Amåhr n°{Q´>H$bm Amnë`m \$mÝg{bAZ g§ñWoV
àdoe {Xbm Va Mmbob H$m?"'
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nÌmMm AZwHy$b n[aUm_ Pmbm. à{VHy$b n[apñWVrMr AS>Wù`m§Mr hr
e`ªV nma Ho$ë`mZ§Va n°{Q´>H$ E_EgE\$Eg `m g§ñWoV XmIb Pmbm.
_hmamï´>mVrb Ë`mdoiÀ`m Añn¥í` g_mOmV gdm©V A{YH$ g§»`oZo
Agboë`m _hma OmVrVrb EH$ Vê$U amo_Z H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©_hm_§S>imÀ`m
Y_©Jwê§$À`m g§ñWoMm EH$ ^mJ Pmbm. Ë`mnydu, Mma df} AmYr `m
g_mOmÀ`mM Omogo\$ _moÝVoamo `m§Zr 1922 gmbr E_EgE\$Eg g§ñWoV
Y_©Jwê$ hmoÊ`mgmR>r àdoe KoVbm hmoVm.
_moÝVoamo
Am{U Vm`S>o `m§Mm \$mÝg{bAZ g§ñWoV g_mdoe hr EH$ AË`§V
_moR>r _hÎdmMr gm_m{OH$ KQ>Zm åhUmdr bmJob. Cƒd{U©`m§Zr
{PS>H$maboë`m, JmdHw$gm~mhoa hmH$bboë`m Am{U Xodim§Vhr àdoe
ZmH$maboë`m ñWm{ZH$ Añn¥í` g_mOmÀ`m VgoM OmJ{VH$ {¼ñVr
Y_©g§ñWoÀ`m B{VhmgmVrb hr Z¸$sM EH$ _moR>r Eo{Vhm{gH$ KQ>Zm
hmoVr. Jmoè`m dUm©Mo OmJ{VH$ nmVirda à^wËd AgVmZm H°$Wmo{bH$
Y_©_hm_§S>imV H$mù`m dUm©À`m ì`º$sMr Y_©Jwê$nXmgmR>r
dm {~ennXmgmR>r {ZdS> Pmbr `mbm {OVHo$ _hÎd Amho, {VVHo$M
`m KQ>Zoghr _hÎd Amho. Ë`mH$mimV àM{bV Agbobr dU©ì`dñWm dm
d§edmX PwH$mê$Z XoUo OdiOdi AeŠ` hmoVo.
nwT>rb
H$mhr XeH$m§À`m H$mimV _hmamï´>mVrb Añn¥í` g_mOmVrb AZoH$
bmoH$m§Zr Ë`m§À`mda bmXbobo X{bVËd PwS>H$mdyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r
{¼ñVr Y_m©Mm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm. AmO `mM g_mOmVrb AZoH$OU {¼ñVr
Y_©Jwê$ åhUyZ _Ü` _hmamï´>mV, _amR>dmS>çmV Am{U
{dX^m©V H$m_ H$aV AmhoV.
\$mÝg{bAZ g§ñWoÀ`m {demImnÅ>U_ `oWrb _R>mV C_oXdma åhUyZ
n°{Q´>H$ `m§Zr 31 _mM© 1926 amoOr àdoe Ho$bm. ~«Xa åhUyZ
d«V~§Y ñdrH$maë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m Jwê§$~amo~a,
Om{H$`a~m~m§~amo~a KmoJaJmdmV 1943 n`ªV `m {_eZ H|$ÐmV H$m_ Ho$bo.
nwT>o ZmJnwamVrb g|Q> Om°Z hm`ñHy$b_Ü`o Am{U Q>opŠZH$b
ñHy$b_Ü`o Amnë`m Am`wî`mÀ`m AIoan`ªV ~«Xa n°{Q´>H$ Vm`S>o
`m§Zr godm Ho$br. d`mÀ`m 91ì`m dfu åhUOo 1985 gmbr Ë`m§Mo {ZYZ
Pmbo.
g§X^©:
1)
Eg `w ~«m÷Uo, 'n{hbo \$i - ~m~m _w§ÝVoamo' '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$,
1979 (nmZo 195 Vo 197)
