KmoJaJmdMo
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d`mo_mZm_wio \$mXa Om{H$`a~mdm§Zm nydugmaIo qhS>Uo AeŠ` Pmbo.
{_eZH$m`m©{df`r Ë`m§Mm CËgmh H$m`_ am{hbm hmoVm Var WH$bobo eara
Ë`m§À`m `m gigiË`m CËgmhmbm gmW XoÊ`mg AmVm ZH$ma XoV hmoVo.
1935 À`m Owb¡V KmoJaJmdmV Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo gmhmæ`H$ åhUyZ \$mXa
AmPm[aAg {S>_obmo `m§Mr Zo_UyH$ Pmbr. d¥ÕËdmH$S>o PwH$boë`m
Om{H$`a~m~m§H$Sy>Z ào{fVH$m`mªMo YS>o {eH$V \$mXa {S>_obmo
`m§Zr Z§Va KmoJaJmd {_eZH$m_mMr gyÌo Amnë`m hmVmV KoVbr. 1944
_Ü`o Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr {_eZH$m_mVyZ {Zd¥Îmr ñdrH$mabr. _mÌ
Ë`mZ§Vahr Ë`m§Zr \$mÝg `m Amnë`m _mV¥^y_rH$S>o Ymd KoVbr
Zmhr dm ZmJnya `m Ë`m§À`m Y_©àm§VmÀ`m _w»` ehamV {dlm§VrgmR>r
Vo Jobo Zmhr. Amnbr H$_©^y_r Agboë`m KmoJaJmd `m N>moQ>çmem
IoS>oJmdmVM Ë`m§Zr Amnbo AIoaMo {Xdg Kmb{dUo ng§V Ho$bo.
Amnbm
A§V Odi Ambm ho Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr AmoiIbo Voìhm Ë`m§Mo _Z H¥$VmW©
hmoVo. Amnë`m ào{fVH$m`m©~m~VrV Vo {ZpíMVM g_mYmZr hmoVo. gZ 1947
gmbr KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmÀ`m hÔrVrb Jmdm§Vrb H°$Wmo{bH$m§Mr
g§»`m 6 hOma 700 hmoVr Va ~moaga {_eZ H|$ÐmV 4 hOma 500 OUm§Zm
~m{áñ_m XoÊ`mV Ambm hmoVm. gÎmmdÞ dfmªÀ`m {_eZH$m`mªV Ë`m§Zr
eoH$S>mo bmoH$m§Zm {¼ñVr Y_m©V AmUbo hmoVo. eoH$S>mo
~mbH$m§da n{dÌ nmUr qenSy>Z Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§Mm ~m{áñ_m Ho$bm
hmoVm. Ë`mn¡H$s AZoH$ Vê$U-VéUtMr Am{U Z§Va Ë`m§À`mhr
_wbm-_wbtMr XodimV b½Zo bmdÊ`mMm `moJhr Ë`m§Zm bm^bm. XmoZ-VrZ
{nT>çm§Vrb bmoH$m§Mm Ago ñZmZg§ñH$ma H$aÊ`mMm `moJ Hw$Um
Y_©Jwê$À`m Am`wî`mV ghgm `oV Zmhr. H$maU nmMghm qH$dm Xhm
dfmªZ§Va Ë`m§Mr doJdoJù`m {_eZ H|$ÐmV ~Xbr hmoV AgVoM. ZmJnya
Y_©àm§VmVrb BVa gd© Y_©Jwê§$À`mhr gmVË`mZo doJdoJù`m {_eZ
H|$ÐmV ~Xë`m hmoV AgV. _mÌ `m H$mimV {~en Agboë`m Ë`m§À`m
Hw$Urhr Y_m©{YH$mè`m§Zr amhmVm `oWrb H$mhr dfm©§Mm AndmX dJiVm
Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm KmoJaJmdmVyZ XwgarH$S>o hb{dbo Zmhr, ho {deof
åhUmdo bmJob. Amnë`m XrKm©`wî`mVrb Mma XeH$m§hÿZ A{YH$ H$mi
Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr KmoJaJmdmVM {_eZar åhUyZ H$m_ Ho$bo hmoVo. Ë`m_wio
AmnU bmdbobr AZoH$ amonQ>o _hmd¥jo Pmbobr nmhÊ`mMo ^m½` `m
_hmËå`mbm bm^bo.
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1947 À`m \o$~«wdmarÀ`m AIoarg Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm Aeº$nUm_wio
{¼ñVamOm _§{XamV n{dÌ {_ñgm gmOar H$aUo AeŠ` Pmbo. _mM©AIoarg
Ë`m§Mo {b{hUo Am{U {\$aUogwÜXm ~§X Pmbo, Amnë`m Imobr~mhoa nS>Uo
Ë`m§Zm AeŠ` Pmbo. Ë`mdfu BñQ>a gUmÀ`m {Xder Ë`m§Zr AmOmar
ì`º$s¨gmR>r, _¥Ë`weæ`oda Agboë`m ì`º$s§gmR>r {Xë`m
OmUmè`m A§Ë`ä`§J åhUOo eodQ>À`m ñZmZg§ñH$mamMr _mJUr
Ho$br. nmñH$m qH$dm BñQ>a gUm{Z{_Îm AmgnmgÀ`m IoS>çm§VyZ
KmoJaJmdmV Amboë`m bmoH$m§Mm Ë`m§Zr H$m`_Mm {Zamon KoVbm.
Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo ho ~hþYm eodQ>MoM Xe©Z `mMr OmUrd Ë`mn¡H$s
AZoH$ bmoH$m§Zm Pmbrhr Agob. Ë`mZ§Va OdiOdi XmoZ _{hÝ`m§Z§Va
åhUOo 20 _o 1947 amoOr Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {ZYZ Pmbo.
Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo
{Zdm©U Pmbo Voìhm _mPo AmB©-d{S>b KmoJaJmdmVM hmoVo. _mÂ`m
AmB©À`m YmH$Q>çm ~{hUrÀ`m åhUOo AZwg`m_mderÀ`m Am{U
H$m{eZmWH$mH$m ^mboamd `m§À`m b½Zm{Z{_Îm Vo _mÂ`m AmOmoimg Ambo
hmoVo. Ë`mH$mimV b½Zg_ma§^ Mma-nmM {Xdg MmbV Ago. n{hë`m {Xder
hiX bmdÊ`mMm H$m`©H«$_ Ago. Ë`mZ§Va JS>m§JUoamgmR>r ^mdr
dYy Am{U da ZmVodmB©H$m§H$S>o Am{U eoOmamnmOmè`m§H$S>o
eod`m ImÊ`mgmR>r Amnë`m bdmOå`mgh {\$aV Ago. _mderMo b½Z
bmJë`mZ§Va Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo {ZYZ Pmbo. Ë`m_wio Ë`m{Xder hmoUmam
Hw$§H$dmMm qH$dm \$i ^aÊ`mMm b½Zg_ma§^mMm eodQ>Mm H$m`©H«$_
aÔ H$aÊ`mV Ambm hmoVm, ho _r _mÂ`m AmB©-d{S>bm§H$Sy>Z
AZoH$Xm EoH$bo Amho. b¾g_ma§^mgmR>r JmdmoJmdm§hÿZ Ambobr
nmhþUo_§S>ir _J Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m A§Ë`g§ñH$mamÀ`m {dYrV
gh^mJr Pmbr. {¼ñVamOm Xodimnmer, XodimVrb doXrÀ`m g_m§Va ~mOybm
Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm {Ma{ZÐm XoÊ`mV Ambr. KmoJaJmd n[agamVrb AZoH$
{¼ñVr, AmOy~mOyÀ`m JmdMr nmQ>rb_§S>ir Am{U BVa {~Ja{¼ñVr
bmoH$ _moR>çm g§»`oZo A§Ë``mÌog hOa hmoVo. Ago åhUVmV H$s
Om{H$`a~m~m AË`dñW Agë`m_wio JmoXmdarÀ`m nbrH$S>rb Ah_XZJa
{OëømVrb haoJmd `m `oeyg§Kr` {_eZ H|$ÐmVyZ Ë`m§À`m
X\$Z{dYrgmR>r ednoQ>r Ë`m§À`m {ZYZmAmYrM KmoJaJmdmV AmUyZ
R>odÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr.
Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m
{Zdm©UmZ§Va MmaM _{hÝ`mZ§Va KmoJaJmd {_eZ H|$ÐmVrb XmoZ VéUm§Zr
Y_©Jwê$ åhUyZ {Xjm ñdrH$mabr. \$mXa Omogo\$ ~ZgmoS>o Am{U
\$mXa \$mpÝgg Po{d`a Jm`H$dmS> `m§Mm Jwé{Xjm{dYr ZmJnyamV 29
gßQ>|~a 1947 amoOr nma nS>bm. Ë`mAmYr XrS> _{hZo AmYr
^maVmbm ñdmV§Í` {_imbo hmoVo Am{U _amR>dmS>çmV ào{fV
H$m`© H$aÊ`mgmR>r n{hë`m§XmM ho XmoZ ^y{_nwÌ nwT>o Ambo
hmoVo. KmoJaJmd {_eZmVrb n{hë`m ñWm{ZH$ Vê$Um§À`m Jwê${XjoMm
g{dñVa d¥Îmm§V Ë`mdoir '{Zamoß`m' _m{gH$mZo à{gÜX Ho$bm
hmoVm.
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1997bm \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m nÞmgmì`m nwÊ`{VWr{Z{_Îm `m
_hmËå`mÀ`m H$~arda Ë`m§Mm nyUm©H¥$Vr nwVim C^maÊ`mV Ambm.
Ë`m§À`m Am{U \$mXa _moÝVoamo§À`m g_mYrda N>V C^maÊ`mV
Ambo, AmOy~mOy§Zr bmoI§S>r JOm§Mo ~m§YH$m_ H$aÊ`mV Ambo.
Om{H$`a~m~m dmnaV Agbobr KmoS>mJmS>rhr `m ñ_maH$mV R>odÊ`mV
Ambr Amho. `m n[agamVrb H$moUVrhr ì`º$s KmoJaJmd `m VrW©joÌr Ambr
Va `m ñ_maH$mbm AmdOy©Z ^oQ> XoVo. VoWo jU^a ñVãY amhÿZ
H«w$gmMr IyU H$ê$Z Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm AmXam§Obr dmhVoM. Ë`m{Z{_Îm
\$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Mo EH$ V¡b{MÌ N>mnÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. `m
n[agamVrb AZoH$ {¼ñVr Kam§V hm a§JrV \$moQ>mo q^Vrda bmdbobm
Amho ho _r nm{hbo Amho. `mMdfu eoOmaÀ`m dmhoJmdmVrb XodimÀ`m
n[agamVhr Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m AYm©H¥$Vr nwVù`mMo AZmdaU H$aÊ`mV
Ambo hmoVo.
Am¡a§Jm~mX
{OëømVrb bmoH$m§_Ü`o Om{H$`a~m~m§~Ôb AZoH$ Am»`m{`H$m àM{bV
AmhoV. ho Y_©Jwê$ JmdmoJmdÀ`m ^oQ>rda OmV AgV, Ë`mdoir amÌr
PmonÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm Imobr Zgm`Mr. Ë`mdoir JmdmVrb bmoH$m§Zm
Amnë`m_wio Hw$R>bmhr Ìmg hmoD$ Z`o åhUyZ Vo ñ_emZmV _w¸$m_
H$aV AgV, Ago OwZo AZoH$ bmoH$ gm§JV AgVmV.
KmoJaJmdMo
Y_©Jwê$ \$mXa ñQ>r\$Z Aë_oS>m {¼ñVamOm _§{Xa n°[aeÀ`m
' {M§VZ' `m _wInÌmV nwT>rb AmdmhZ Ho$bo hmoVo: ''gH$b {¼ñVr
~m§Ydm§Zm {dZ§Vr H$aÊ`mV `oVo H$s _mirKmoJaJmd n°[ae_YyZ \$m.
Om{H$`a~m~m `m§À`m OrdZmda nwñVH$ àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mMm Am_Mm _mZg
Amho. `mgmR>r Á`m§À`m OrdZmV \$m. Om{H$`a `m§À`m _Ü`ñWrZo
H$mhr M_ËH$ma KS>bo Amho, Zdg nyU© Pmbo Amho qH$dm AmOma ~ao
Pmbo Amho, Ë`mMr gmj boIr ñdê$nmV qH$dm àË`j `oD$Z _m{hVr H$WZ
H$amdr VgoM Om{H$`a \$mXam§À`m OrdZmVrb H$mhr KQ>Zm, àg§J
AmnUmg _mhrV Agë`mg g§X^m©gh g§nmXH$mg H$idmdo.''
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AmdmhZmg à{VgmX åhUyZ H$mhr ì`º$s§Zr Amnbo AZw^d gm§{JVbo.
`mn¡H$s _w§~B©Vrb A§Yoar `oWrb Eg. E_. nmaIo `m§Mm nwT>rb boI
'qMVZ' _m{gH$mÀ`m E{àb 2004À`m A§H$mV à{gÜX Pmbm hmoVm:
^{dî`dmUr
nnm
gm§JV AgV _mirKmoJaJmd `oWrb MM© ~m§YÊ`mMo AWH$ n[al_ \$mXa
Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr Ho$bo. MM©Mm OwZm _Zmoam nmSy>Z Zdm _Zmoam
~m§Ymd`mMm hmoVm. Vmo OwZm _Zmoam EH$m ~«Xam§Zr KUmÀ`m XmoZ
Q>moë`m§_Ü`o nmS>bm hmoVm, Zdm C§M _Zmoam ~m§YyZ Ë`mda
AdmT>ì` ~ob (K§Q>m) MT>dm`Mr hmoVr. Vr AdmT>ì` K§Q>m
\$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Zr EH$Q>çmZo da MT>{dbr hmoVr. Vr da MT>{dV
AgVmZm Ë`m§Zm Iyn Ìmg Pmbm. Vo Iyn AmOmar nS>bo åhUyZ BÀN>m
ZgVmZm Ë`m§Zm _m`Xoer naV Omdo bmJbo. VoWo AmVS>çmMo Am°naoeZ
`eñdr Pmë`mZ§Va nyU© ~ao hmoD$Z Vo _mirKmoJaJmd `oWo naV Ambo.
naXoemVyZ naV `oVmZm Ë`m§Zr EH$ J«m_mo\$moZ AmUbm hmoVm. Ë`mdarb
JmUo EoH$m`bm JmdmVrb gd© bhmZWmoa _§S>ir O_m hmoV AgV. \$mXa
KmoS>çmdê$Z amoO JmdmV \o$a\$Q>H$m _marV. Aem ~è`mMem
AmR>dUr nnm Amåhmbm gm§JV AgV. na§Vw `m gdm©hÿZ doJir d gX¡d
bjmV am{hbobr AmR>dU Ë`m§Zr Ho$bobr ^{dî`dmUr.
_mPo
nnm _mirKmoJaJmd `oWo {eH$bo d Ë`m§À`m ghdmgmV ~aoM {Xdg hmoVo.
\$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m {eH$dUrMm _wbm§da ~amM à^md nS>V Ago.
Ë`m_wioM EH$ {Xdg gm`§H$mir Mma _wbo \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m ê$_da
Jobr d Ë`m§Zr Y_©Jwê$ hmoD$Z XodmMr godm H$aÊ`mMr BÀN>m àJQ>
Ho$br. Ë`mda \$mXam§Zr Ho$di Ë`m§À`mH$S>o nmhÿZ pñ_V Ho$bo.
Xwgè`m {Xder \$mXa dJm©V Jobo. gd© _wbm§Zr CRy>Z \$mXam§Zm
A{^dmXZ Ho$bo. Z§Va \$mXa J§^ra AmdmOmV ~moby bmJbo. ''_wbm§Zmo,
Vw_À`mVrb Mma _wbo Y_©Jwê$ hmoD$ BÀN>rV AmhoV.'' Z§Va Ë`m§Zr
Mmahr _wbm§Zm C^o amhÊ`mg gm§{JVbo d àË`oH$mH$S>o diyZ
åhUmbo, ''JmoqdX, Vy \$mXa hmoUma Zmhrg d b¾gwÜXm H$aUma Zmhrg.
WmoamV, Vy {ddmh H$ê$Z gwIr g§gma H$aerb. AmZ§X (_mPo nnm), VwPo
XmoZ {ddmh hmoVrb d ~ZgmoS>o, Vy \$mXa hmoerb.'' Am{U _moR>onUr
Mm¡Km§À`mhr ~m~VrV \$mXam§Zr Ho$bobr ^{dî`dmUr V§VmoV§V Iar
R>abr Amho.''
H°$Wmo{bH$
Y_©g§ñWoZo Om{H$`a~m~m§Zm g§V åhUyZ _mÝ`Vm {Xbobr Zmhr. _Xa
Voaogm§À`m g§VnXmMm ~hþ_mZ XoÊ`mMr à{H$`m h„r Mmby Amho.
g§VnUmMm hm ~hþ_mZ \$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m§Zmhr XoÊ`mV `mdm Aer _mJUrhr
Hw$Ur Ho$bobr Zmhr. BWë`m J«m_rU n[agamVrb bmoH$m§Zm Aem
Am¡nMm[aH$ à{H«$`oMr Iao nm{hbo Va _m{hVrhr Zmhr qH$dm JaOhr ^mgV
Zmhr. Jobr AZoH$ df} Amnë`m dmS>d{S>bm§H$Sy>Z Am{U
BVam§H$Sy>Z ho bmoH$ Om{H$`a~m~m§À`m H$m_m{df`r, _hmZVog§~Yr
AZoH$ H$Wm, X§VH$Wm EoH$V Ambo AmhoV. `m n[agamVrb bmoH$m§Zr Va
KmoJaJmdÀ`m `m ào{fVmbm Ë`m§À`m h`mVrVM g§VnX ~hmb Ho$bo hmoVo.
