KmoJaJmdMo
\$mXa Om{H$`a~m~m
(Am¡a§Jm~mX
{OëømVrb {¼ñVr {_eZ H$m`© - B g.1892 nmgyZ)
H$m{_b
nmaIo
gwJmdm
àH$meZ
11)
amhmVm `oWrb ào{fV H$m`©
amhmË`mbm
~Xbr Pmë`mda VoWo \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Amnë`m Zoho_rÀ`m CËgmhmZo
ào{fV H$m`© Mmby R>odbo. Amnë`m 3 Am°JñQ> 1916 À`m
amoO{ZerV Ë`m§Zr {b{hbo hmoVo. "" amhmVm `oWo _r 1915
À`m Am°ŠQ>mo~anmgyZ Amho. VrZ hOma bmoH$g§»`oMo, ~è`mn¡H$s
añVo, nmoñQ> Am°\$sg Am{U Q>o{bJ«m\$ Am°\$sg Agbobo ho EH$
gw§Xa Jmd Amho. `oWrb H$mbì`mÀ`m nmÊ`m_wio gwnrH$ Pmboë`m `m
nR>mamdaMr O_rZ gJirH$S>o CgmÀ`m {nH$mZo PmH$br Jobr Amho.
amhmVm {_eZ nmM dfmªnydu gwê$ Pmbo. g§J_Zoa {_eZ H|$ÐmVyZ {Z_m©U
Pmboë`m `m {_eZñWmZmV gÜ`m 1 hOma 700 {¼ñVr bmoH$, H°$Q>o{H$ñQ>
à{ejU H|$Ðm§V 16 _mñVa Am[U 20 {dÚmWu AmhoV. `oWrb
IoS>çmnmS>çm§Zm ^oQ>r XoÊ`mgmR>r Mm§Jbo añVo AmhoV.
_w»` JmdmnmerM H§$nmD§$S>_Ü`o MM© Am{U AmD$Q>hmD$gog
~m§Ybr AmhoV. `oWyZ OdiMo aoëdo ñQ>oeZ 10 _¡b Xya Amho.
amhmVm ho BVa {_eZ H|$Ðm§À`m AJXr H|$ÐñWmZr Amho. `oWyZ g§J_Zoa
26 _¡b Amho. diU 26 _¡b, H|$Xi 28 _¡b, KmoJaJmd 28 _¡b Va ~moaga
32 _¡b Amho.
Ah_XZJa
`oWo O_©Z `wÕH¡$Úm§Mm H°$ån Amho. Im§S>dm `oWrb \$mpÝgñH$Z
~«Xam§Zm VoWo R>odÊ`mV Ambo Amho. {demImnÅ>U_Mo \$mXa
H«$mâQ>gwÕm VoWoM AmhoV. gd© O_©Z Y_©Jwê$§Mr `wamonmV
admZJr H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho Am{U Vo AmVm hm°b§S>bm nmohmoMbo
AmhoV. Xhm d`mod¥Õ `oeyg§Kr` Y_©Jwé§Zm _mÌ nwÊ`mOdi I§S>mim
`oWo R>odÊ`mV Ambo Amho. `m XhmOUm§_Ü`o g§J_ZoaMo \$mXa
dmB©ghm¡ßQ> AmhoV. ~amo~a drg dfmªnydu åhUOo 1896 gmbr _r
g§J_Zoa {_eZ H|$ÐmV am{hbmo hmoVmo.""
Ah_XZJa
Am{U Am¡a§Jm~mX {Oëô`m§Vrb gd© {_eZ H|$ÐmVrb
H°$Q>o{H$ñQ>m§gmR>r AMbnya `oWo 1917 À`m 2 Vo 6 _o `m
H$mimV Vn Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. KmoJaJmd, ~moaga, H|$Xi,
diU, amhmVm, g§J_Zoa `oWrb {_eZ H|$Ðm§Vrb 130 H°$Q>o{H$ñQ>
`m Vnmbm hOa hmoVo. `m gd© {_eZ H|$Ðm§V Ë`mdoir EHy$U 13 hOma
H°$Wmo{bH$ hmoVo.
amhmVm,
H|$Xi Am{U nwÊ`mVrb IS>H$s `oWo \$mXa Om{H$`a, ~oO} Am{U nmbwEb
Amnbo H$m`© H$aV AgVm§Zm {~en H$m°nob Ah_XZJa Am{U nwUo {Oëô`m§V
AZoH$Xm ^oQ>rda `oV AgV. nwÊ`mMo {~en S>mo[a¨J _hm`wÕm_wio
qhXwñWmZm~mhoa am{hë`mZo {~en `m ZmË`mZo ZdY_mªV[aVm§Zm
ÑT>rH$aUmMm g§ñH$ma XoÊ`mgmR>r 1916, 1917, Am{U 1919
ZmJnwamVyZ Vo BH$S>o Xm¡è`mda Ambo hmoVo. _moQ>maJmS>çm§Mr
Ë`m H$mimV gw{dYm Zgë`mZo KmoS>mJmS>rZo {H$Ë`oH$ {Xdg àdmg
H$aV Vo Amnbo ào{fVr` H$m`© H$aV hmoVo.
Amnë`m
`m Xm¡è`m~m~V {~en H$m°nob `m§Zr 28 {S>g|~a 1917 À`m
amoO{ZerV {b{hbo Amho, ''_amR>r {_eZÀ`m (Ah_XZJa {OëømVrb
H|$Xi, g§J_Zoa, amhmVm Am{U diU) Xm¡è`mZ§Va _r nwÊ`mbm OmD$Z
\$mXa nmbwEb `m§Zm ^oQ>bmo. gm`H$bdê$Z Imbr nS>ë`mZ§Va
_m§S>rMo hmS> _moS>ë`m_wio VrZ _{hZo XdmImÝ`mV amhÿZ Vo
ZwH$VoM naVbo AmhoV. IS>H$s H°$ånmV {_{bQ>ar M°ßboZ åhUyZ
Vo nwÝhm éOy Pmbo AmhoV. VoWrb gd©OU Ë`m§À`m~m~V Iyn Iyf AmhoV.
\$mXa nmbwEb `m§À`m n°[ae_Ü`o Iyn _moR>r {_{bQ>ar
hm°pñnQ>ëg AmhoV Am{U VoWrb ì`dñWm IynM Mm§Jbr Amho.""
{~en
nwT>o {b{hVmV : _w§~B©Odi I§S>mim `oWrb S>m|Jamda {~«{Q>e
gaH$maZo Xhm d¥Õ O_©Z Y_©Jwê$§Zm amhÊ`mg nadmZJr {Xbr Amho.
_mÌ Y_©Jwê$ `m ZmË`mZo Hw$R>brhr H$m_o H$aÊ`mg Ë`m§Zm _w^m
Zmhr. _bm ^oQy>Z Ë`m§Zm IynM AmZ§X Pmbm. BVa `wÕH¡$XtZm
Ah_XZJa H°$ånmVrb Vwé§JmV R>odÊ`mV Ambo Amho. VoWo Im§S>dm
`oWrb O_©Z ~«Xam§Zm Am{U B©ñQ> Am{\$Ho$VyZ AmUboë`m hmobr
KmoñQ> \$mXam§Zm WmoS>m doi ^oQ>Ê`mg _bm nadmZJr XoÊ`mV
Ambr hmoVr. ho gJio \$mXg© IamoIaM Aëgo{eEÝg AmhoV Am{U Ë`m_wio
Ë`m§Mr bdH$a Vwé§JmVyZ gwQ>H$m hmoB©b Aer _r Amem H$aVmo. ""
12)
amhmVm, H|$Xi Am{U g§J_Zoa_Yrb gm_m{OH$ pñWVr
`oeyg§KmZo
Amnë`m ào{fVH$m`m©gmR>r _w§~B© gaY_©àm§V Am{U nwUo Y_©àm§V
{ZdS>bm hmoVm. {_eZarO Am°\$ g|Q> \$mpÝgg S>r goë²g
qH$dm \$mÝg{bAZ `m Xwgè`m H°$Wmo{bH$ Y_©Jwê§$À`m g§ñWoZo
Ë`mdoiÀ`m {dembH$m` ZmJnya Y_©àm§VmV Amnbo H$m_ gwê$ Ho$bo
hmoVo. {~en \$mpÝgg H$m°nob (1867-1933) ZmJnya Y_©àm§VmMo à_wI
`m ZmË`mZo {Za{Zamù`m {_eZ H|$Ðm§Zm ^oQ>r XoV AgV. Ë`mdoiÀ`m
KQ>Zm§À`m Zom§Xr Ë`m§Zr {b{hë`m AmhoV. AmgnmgÀ`m n[agamMo,
KQ>Zm§Mo gyú_ {Z[ajU H$aÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr gd` hmoVr.Ë`m§Zr
{b{hboë`m `m Zm|Xr§dê$Z {dgmì`m eVH$mVrb n{hë`m nmdeVH$mÀ`m
g_mOpñWVrMr _m{hVr {_iVo.
9
_o 1999 À`m amoO{ZerV {~en H$m°nob `m§Zr {b{hbo Amho : JmoXmdarÀ`m
XmoÝhr Vram§darb {_eZñWmZm§À`m Xm¡è`mda _r gÜ`m Amho. ZÚm ho
{d^mOZ H$aÊ`mEodOr OmoS>Ê`mMoM H$m_ H$aVmV ho gd©lwV Amho.
JmoXmdar ZXr hr {~«{Q>em§À`m _w§~B© ào{gS>oÝgr Am{U
h¡Xam~mXÀ`m {ZOm_ amOdQ>r§_Yrb amOH$s` gahÔ Amho. hr ZXr nwUo
Am{U ZmJnya Y_©àm§Vm§Mrhr gahÔ Amho. JmoXmdarÀ`m XmoÝhr
~mOy§Zm AmT>iUmè`m _amR>r OmVr g_mZ AmhoV.
JmoXmdarÀ`m
nmÌmV nmUr dmhVo Voìhm Vr àM§S> {demb AgVo. hëbr _mÌ {VMm
àdmh BVH$m N>moQ>m Pmbm Amho H$s _r EH$m nmdbmV hr ZXr
Amobm§S>Vmo Amho. Jobr XmoZ df} Am_À`m `m ^mJm§V nmD$g Pmbm
Zmhr Am{U Ë`m_wio g§nyU© {Oëô`mbm XwîH$mimZo Koabo Amho.
nwÊ`mÀ`m
A°nmoñVmo{bH$ A°S>{_{ZñQ´>oQ>aÀ`m {Z_§ÌUmdê$Z _r
_amR>r {_eZ_Ü`o ÑT>rH$aU ñZmZg§ñH$ma XoÊ`mgmR>r Ambmo
Amho. _Z_mS> Am{U ^wgmdi `m _hÎdmÀ`m aoëdo O§ŠeZ_Ü`o 80
bmoH$m§Mo ÑT>rH$aU Pmbo.
amhmË`mbm
\$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zr Amnë`m {¼íMZ bmoH$m§Zm ÑT>rH$aUmÀ`m
nyd©V`margmR>r Jmoim Ho$bo Amho. {_eZ H|$Ðm§V ho bmoH$
amhÊ`mgmR>r `oVmV, Voìhm amoO§XmarMo H$m_ H$aUmè`m `m Jar~
bmoH$m§Mr _Owar ~wS>Vo. Ë`m_wio \$mXa Om{H$`a `m§Zm `m
bmoH$m§À`m OodUmMrhr ì`dñWm H$amdr bmJVo.
Y_©{ejUmÀ`m
nyd©V`marMm Aä`mgH«$_ nyU© Ho$boë`m 89 OUm§Zm _r ~m{áñ_m {Xbm
Am{U 230 bmoH$m§Zm ÔT>rH$aU ñZmZg§ñH$ma {Xbo. nmMeo
bmoH$m§Zr àm`píMÎm Ho$bo Am{U n{dÌ H$å`w{Z`Z ñdrH$mabo.
\$mXa
Om{H$`a `m§Zr amhmVm ehamV _hÎdmMo `omJXmZ Ho$bo Amho, Ë`m_wio Vo
`oWrb qhXy bmoH$m§V Iyn bmoH$[à` AmhoV. Ë`m§À`m H¥$VkVoMo EH$
àVrH$ åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr Am_Mm _moR>m ZmJar gËH$ma Am`mo{OV Ho$bm
hmoVm. Ë`m{edm` VoWrb H$mhr lr_§V ì`mnmè`m§Zr O_boë`m 600
{¼íMZm§gmR>r OodU H$aÊ`mgmR>r YmÝ`hr nwadbo.
amhmË`mhyZ
g§J_Zoa 60 {H$bmo{_Q>a A§Vamda Amho. Amåhr nhmQ>o XmoZ dmOVm
CRy>Z {_ñgm gmOar Ho$br Am{U nhmQ>o gmS>oVrZÀ`m gw_mamg
àdmgmg gwê$dmV Ho$br. \$mXa Om{H$`a ho ñdV: _mPo M°ßboZ Am{U
Q>m§½`mMo JmS>rdmZ `m XmoÝhr ^y{_H$m nma nmS>V hmoVo.
Ë`m§Mo Vo XmoZ N>moQ>o KmoS>o Vmer Xhm {H$bmo_rQ>a `m
doJmZo A§Va H$mnV hmoVo. g§J_Zoabm Amåhr gH$mir gmS>oZD$bm
nmohmoMbmo. bdH$a nmohmoMë`m_wio Ë`m {Xdgm§V ^aXwnmar AgUmè`m 40
Vo 45 A§e gopëeAg Vmn_mZmV àdmg H$aÊ`mÀ`m ÌmgmVyZ Amåhr dmMbmo
hmoVmo. VoWo \$mXa ew{~Ja `m ñdrg Y_©Jwê$§Zr Amnë`m
IoS>çmnmS>çm§Vrb gd© {¼ñVr bmoH$m§Zm ~mobmdbo hmoVo.
àm`píMÎm ñZmZg§ñH$ma EoH$Ê`mMo H$m_ amÌr C{eamn`ªV Mmby
hmoVo. Xwgè`m {Xder gH$mir 220 bmoH$m§Zm _r ÑT>rH$aU
ñZmZg§ñH$ma {Xbm. Ë`m gUm{Z{_Îm V`ma Ho$ë`m OmUmè`m gmÜ`mM nU
_moR>çm à_mUmV Ho$ë`m OmUmè`m ñd`§nmH$mMr V`mar g§nyU©
{Xdg^a Amåhr nmhmV hmoVmo. ^aS>boë`m JìhmV Jyi (hm D$g
{nH$dUmam Xoe Amho.) Q>mHy$Z Vo {_lU ^ë`m_moR>çm H$T>`m§_Ü`o
{eOdbo OmV Amho.
amÌr
_mñVam§Zr Am{U _moR>çm _wbm§Zr EH$ ZmQ>H$ gmXa Ho$bo.
H$~wbrO~m~mÀ`m Ame`mda Agbobo ho ZmQ>H$ gZ 1885 _Ü`o EoŠ`-EZ
àm°pìhÝg_Ü`o (?) KS>boë`m EH$m gË`KQ>Zoda AmYm[aV hmoVo.
^maVr` bmoH$ Mm§Jbo ZQ> AmhoV. `m ZmQ>H$mVrb H$mhr àg§J Va
IynM à^mdr hmoVo. Y_©Jwê$Mr ^y{_H$m H$aUmè`m ZQ>mZo Am{U
Ë`mMà_mUo IwÝ`m ì`º$sMr ^y{_H$m H$aUmè`mZohr Mm§Jbm A{^Z`
Ho$bm.
^rfU
XwîH$mim_wio `oWo Mmè`mMm àM§S> VwQ>dS>m Amho.
EH$V¥Vr`m§e OZmdao AmVmn`ªV XJmdbr AmhoV. \$mXa ew{~Ja Amnë`m
Jar~ {¼íMZm§Zm {d{dYàH$mao _XV H$aV AmhoV. `m bmoH$m§À`m JmB©,
dmgao, Am{U ~¡bm§gmR>r Ë`m§Zr VmËnwaVr N>mdUr CKS>br
Amho. Owb¡n`ªV nmD$g nSy>Z ZdrZ JdV CJdon`ªV `m OZmdam§Zm
OJdÊ`mgmR>r \$mXa àË`oH$ OZmdam_mJo Xa_hm Ho$di XmoZ én`o \$s
KoVmV. Am{U `m OZmdam§Zm OJ{dÊ`mgmR>r Vo H$m` H$aVmV?
H$S>ã`mA^mdr {ZdSw>§JmMr nmZo ImD$Z Ord dmMdÊ`mMo à{ejU Vo
`m OZmdam§Zm XoVmV. gd©àW_ {ZdSw>§Jm§Mr nmZo AmJrVyZ {\$adyZ
Ë`mVrb H$mQ>o H$mT>bo OmVmV. Z§Va nmZm§Mo VwH$S>o H$ê$Z
Ë`m§V _rR> Am{U WmoS>o\$ma YmÝ` {_gibo OmVo.H$mhr JmB© _mÌ
\$maM _mZr ñd^mdmÀ`m AgVmV Am{U AemàH$maMr AYmoJVr nËH$aÊ`mnojm
_aU H$dQ>miVmV. _mÌ ~hþVoH$ OZmdao ho {_lU ImÊ`mg gwê$dmV
H$aVmV. Aem àH$maMm Mmam H$ï> H$aUmè`m ~¡bm§Zm nwaogm ZgVmo.
_mÌ nmD$g nS>on`ªV Ë`m§Zm Ho$di {Od§V R>odÊ`mgmR>r Vmo
nwaogm Amho.
g§J_ZoahÿZ
H|$Xi 75 {H$bmo_rQ>a A§Vamda Amho. {Zåå`m A§Vamda VoWrb \$mXa
~oO} `m§Zr nmR>{dbobo dmhZ _mPr dmQ> nmhmV hmoVo. nhmQ>oAmYrM
àdmg gwê$ H$ê$Z _r H|$Xibm gH$mir gmS>oXhm dmOVm nmohmoMbmo.
\$mXa ~oO} `m§À`mH$S>o {_eZ H|$Ðm{edm` VoWrb H°$Q>o{H$ñQ>
emioMr Am{U eoVrMrhr O~m~Xmar Amho. Ë`m{edm` `oWo EH$ {dUH$m_mMr
emim Amho. VoWo bmoH$arMo Jm{bMo V`ma Ho$bo OmVmV. Amnë`m `m
YH$mYH$sÀ`m OrdZe¡brVhr \$mXa ~oO} `m§Zr ñdV:bm Mm§Jbo V§XwéñV
R>odbo Amho.
H|$XihÿZ
AmR> {H$bmo_rQ>a Agboë`m diU `oWo pñdËPbªS>_Yrb dbmB©Eg
`oWrb {_eZar \$mXa H«$mB©P AmhoV. H|$Xi Am{U diU `m XmoZ {_eZ
H|$Ðm§V _r \$ma OUm§Zm ÑT>rH$aU ñZmZg§ñH$ma {Xbo Zmhr.
H$maU _mÂ`m Xm¡è`m{df`r `m Y_©Jwê§$Zm doirM nyd©H$ënZm {Xbr
Jobr ZìhVr. '
